JPH01146991A - Pyrolyzer of lumber and other plant material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain essential oil and active carbon having a consistent quality with high efficiency, by accommodating lumber, other plant materials, etc., in a hermetically closed vessel and heating through an indirect heating means having a heating medium with a heat storing ability sealed therein by the use of a heating oven to effect pyrolysis. CONSTITUTION:An indirect heating means 3 having sealed therein a heating medium which becomes melted at a predetermined temp. and has a heat storing ability and having accommodated therein a thermocouple 5 and a plurality of heaters 6 is disposed on a heating oven 1 comprising a lower chamber 1a provided with a high-speed jet burner 2 and an upper chamber 1b capable of revolving combustion gas. Further, a hermetically closed vessel 7 having at a lid 7b a steam guiding pipe 9 for taking out pyrolysis steam and having at a bottom thereof a steam blowout pipe 15 is disposed on the indirect heating means 3. Materials A to be pyrolyzed, such as lumber or other plant materials, are accommodated in the vessel 7 and heated by means of the heating oven 1 and the indirect heating means 3 so as to effect pyrolysis. Essential oil is distilled out and collected, and then the the materials A are carbonized to produce active carbon.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an apparatus for pyrolyzing wood and plants in which steam pyrolysis and pyrolysis by dry distillation can be automatically or arbitrarily selected.

[Background of the invention]

Steam pyrolysis is conventionally known as a method for distilling oil components from wood or plants by pyrolysis. For example, (1) immersing the materials in water in a sealed container and heating the sealed container with direct fire or steam; (2) stacking the materials on a grate in a furnace;
There are two methods: indirect heating of water placed under a grid, and (2) a method of blowing steam into a sealed container containing materials from the bottom.

In these thermal decomposition methods, the separated essential oil is boiled and distilled together with the steam by directly or indirectly blowing steam into it, but since the leakage temperature is much lower than the boiling point of the essential oil components, decomposition and deterioration of the essential oil can be prevented. However, it is generally known as a method suitable for mass production.

However, although the quality of the essential oil obtained by the above method is good, the actual yield rate is low due to leakage of oil components due to steam, and the troublesome process of shredding the wood into chips etc. is required. There were various problems, including the fact that waste wood that is difficult to turn into chips had to be discarded. In addition, most of the producers implementing the above method are small-scale industries that use firewood as fuel, and there are limits to energy saving and mass production.

[Purpose of the invention]

This invention is intended to solve the above problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pyrolysis device that can heat and pyrolyze a closed container containing a product to be pyrolyzed slowly and uniformly using an indirect heating method. It is said that Another purpose is to provide a pyrolysis device that is highly efficient and labor-saving, capable of processing wood, including waste wood, without turning it into chips.Another purpose is to provide a pyrolysis device that can process wood, including waste wood, without turning it into chips.Furthermore, another purpose is to provide a pyrolysis device that can process wood, including waste wood, without turning it into chips. Another objective is to provide a pyrolysis apparatus that can be expected to save energy and achieve mass productivity.

[Structure of the invention]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a heating furnace consisting of a lower chamber having a high-speed jet burner and an upper chamber in which combustion gas is swirled, and a heating medium having a heat storage property that becomes molten at a predetermined temperature inside. A concave indirect heating body whose outer peripheral surface faces the upper chamber wall of the heating furnace through a certain gap and whose bottom surface faces the lower chamber; a removable closed container having a steam guide pipe for extracting pyrolysis vapor from pyrolysis and facing the inner surface of the indirect heating body with a certain gap therebetween; has a built-in thermocouple and a plurality of heaters, and has a steam generating can band attached to the upper outer periphery in an annular shape, a grid is provided at the inner bottom of the sealed container, and the lower side of the grid is connected to the steam generating can band. By providing a steam jet pipe that communicates through a means, the material to be thermally decomposed (for example, Japanese cypress leaves) can be heated within a certain temperature range (for example, 100°C) using steam as a heat medium.
) or below, the essential oil can be distilled at a temperature far lower than the boiling point of the essential oil components, or the method can be switched to carbonization.

That is, this invention involves: (1) distilling essential oils contained in plants (leaves) and the epidermis and outer wood of wood using steam while avoiding thermal denaturation; and (2) distilling essential oils contained in plants (leaves) while avoiding thermal denaturation; A step of completely distilling the components and essential oil components present in the wood parts as essential oils through the moisture of the wood; ■Furthermore, proceed with the carbonization method as thermal decomposition for the wood or plants that leaked water, and carbonize the wood or leaves. , it is possible to complete the pyrolysis process through the stage of producing charcoal or live charcoal.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a heating furnace that has a combustion chamber (lower chamber) la using a high-speed jet burner 2 in the lower space, and a space (upper chamber) lb in which combustion gas is swirled upward. The high speed jet burner 2 is used here because it is suitable for making the heating furnace 1 into a compact furnace body. In addition, the heating furnace 1
A coating layer R coated with far-infrared paint is formed on the inner wall surfaces of the combustion chamber 1a and the upper chamber 1b. This coating layer R has the function of dissipating the heat generated by the high-speed jet burner 2 inward from the furnace wall as radiant heat, and the function of preventing heat loss conducted to the outside through the furnace body.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a concave indirect heating body with a double-sided structure in which a heat medium S having heat storage properties that becomes molten at a predetermined temperature (high temperature) is sealed inside the body. It faces the inner wall of the upper chamber 1b of the heating furnace 1 with a certain gap 4 in between, and the bottom surface 3b faces the lower chamber 1a. As the heat medium S having heat storage property, for example, NaO is used as a component.
H+ XOH is 70% or more, the rest is NaCl, NazC
Salt consisting of O,, etc. (neutral salt bath, lump-like pale bluish white, specific gravity 1.9/380°C or 1.81500"
C1 use range is 250°C to 700°C) and can be satisfied.

The indirect heating body 3 includes a thermocouple 5 and a plurality of heaters 6.
is built-in. This thermocouple 5 is a heat medium (temple 1-)
This is for controlling the high speed jet burner 2 by measuring the temperature of S. Also, the heater 6 is at a high temperature (250°C).
Taking advantage of the characteristics of the salt mentioned above, which dissolves in the heat medium (
Salt) S is used while controlling it to a predetermined temperature. That is, by setting the heating temperature by the heater 6 and controlling it by a timer, it is possible to carry out thermal decomposition unattended at night.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a closed container (cartridge tank) in which a material to be thermally decomposed (for example, Japanese cypress leaves, etc.) A can be hermetically housed. It consists of a main part 7a which is removably inserted so as to face each other, and a lid part 7b having a steam guide pipe 9 for taking out the pyrolysis steam generated by the thermal decomposition of the pyrolysed material A. The gap 8 between the main part 7a of the sealed container 7 and the indirect heating element 3 is necessary for loading and unloading the sealed container 7, but since it acts as an air layer, the gap 8 is provided flange 10
The upper surface of the indirect heating body 3 is sealed to prevent heat from escaping.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a steam generating can belt attached in an annular manner to the upper outer periphery of the indirect heating body 3, and the steam generating can! 11, water W1 is injected inside. This water W becomes steam by heat transfer through the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 1a of the heating furnace 1 and the indirect heating body 3 heated by the combustion gas. The steam generated in this steam generating can tR11 is transferred to a connecting means 1 having a built-in check valve (not shown).
It is sealed via a steam induction pipe 13 which is removably connected via 2.

The steam is guided to the bottom of the main part 7a of the container 7 and is ejected from a steam discharge pipe 15 provided below a grid 14 on which the pyrolyzable material A is placed. In this case, the grid 14 is used to create a space at the bottom of the main portion 7a of the closed container 7 that can accommodate a certain amount of water W2.

Further, the steam outlet 15a of the steam discharge pipe 15 is directed downward, so that the upper part containing the thermal decomposition material A can be uniformly filled with steam. In addition, a pressure gauge, a safety valve, etc. may be attached to the connecting means 12 containing the check valve.

Note that 16 is an opening/closing guide rod into which the arm of the lid 7b of the airtight container 7 fits, and 17 is a tightening tool for tightening the lid 7b to the main portion 7a.

In the above embodiment, the indirect heating body 3 containing the heat medium is arranged so that the combustion gas generated by complete combustion of the high speed jet burner 2 provided in the combustion chamber 1a of the heating furnace 1 is transferred to the upper chamber 1b of the heating furnace 1 and the indirect heating body 3. It flows at high speed through the gap 4 between the heating furnace 1 and the combustion gas outlet 3' of the heating furnace 1, thereby uniformly heating the bottom surface and the entire outer periphery. In this case, the amount of thermal energy per unit area applied to each part of the indirect heating element 3 varies, but the applied thermal energy is first accumulated as latent heat in the heating medium and becomes uniform within this heating medium. Thereafter, the heat is radiated to the inner surface of the indirect heating body 3, so that it is transmitted to the closed container 7 as heating energy with a uniform distribution. That is, the heat medium in the indirect heating body 3 reaches the predetermined temperature quickly (it takes only 172 hours when only the bottom is heated). If this heating medium is a salt whose solid melts at 250°C due to the rise in temperature, if indirect heating zone 3 is used within the range of 250 to 450°C, the amount of heat will be transferred through the air layer to undergo thermal decomposition. The conduction is carried out quickly and uniformly until the closed container 7 containing the substance A reaches a predetermined temperature. Therefore, a predetermined thermally decomposed product is stored in a closed container 7 (thereby, the thermally decomposed product generates steam containing essential oil of a certain uniform quality, and the steam is passed through a steam guide pipe 9 to Passing through a cooler (not shown), it is decomposed into essential oil, water, and non-liquefied gas.The essential oil is led to an oil tank via an oil-water separator, and the non-liquefied gas is preheated, for example, in a sealed container attached to a preheater attached to this device. or recycled to other heat exchangers, etc., or discharged.

In this case, the thermally decomposed product A is subjected to steam distillation in the initial stage, automatically undergoes steam distillation and carbonization in the middle stage, and is treated only by dry distillation in the final stage. As a result, the essential oil of the desired target wood (smart technique) and plant (leaf) can be freely selected and collected by arbitrary temperature control, and the wood or plant residue can be collected as charcoal or by steam activation. It can be recycled as activated carbon, which has the great effect of making it possible to utilize the thermally decomposed product without wasting any of it.

Now, it is assumed that a mixture of wood (Japanese cypress) and plants (Japanese cypress leaves) are stored as the thermally decomposed material A in the airtight container 7. By the operation of the high-speed jet burner 2, the indirect heating element 3 is first heated, and the steam generating can W provided above the indirect heating element 3 is heated.
The water W in ll becomes steam and passes through the steam induction pipe 13.
The steam is guided into the closed container 7 and discharged from the steam jet pipe 15. Therefore, among the materials to be thermally decomposed in the airtight container 7, essential oil (cypress oil) is distilled from the leaves of the Japanese cypress plant, the bark of the wood, and the outer surface of the woody part. ■ By the time all the water in this steam generating can zone 11 has turned into steam and the blowing into the sealed container 7 has ended, the temperature inside the sealed container 7 is close to too"c, and the water W2 at the bottom The wood itself evaporates, and the wood itself begins to decompose, distilling the essential oil along with the water in the leaves, skin, etc. ■ Cypress oil, the main component of this essential oil, has a boiling point of 167°C, so thermal decomposition progresses. As the temperature inside the airtight container 7 increases to around 180°C, the components of the wood (cellulose, etc.) carbonize and turn black.■Furthermore, the temperature inside the airtight container 7 is raised to around 250°C. When the temperature is maintained, the pyroligneous liquor will distill out and carbonization will be completed. ■ The temperature inside the airtight container 7 will be 200'.
When the temperature reaches around C, an appropriate amount of water is again injected into the steam generating can zone 11 to generate steam. ■When the wood vinegar is distilled out and carbonization is completed as in (■) above, the steam generated in (■) is supplied to the carbonized wood (charcoal) to activate the steam,
The charcoal becomes activated carbon. It takes about 240 minutes to complete the thermal decomposition in steps (1) to (2) above.

After completing the treatment in this way, the sealed container 7 is removed from the indirect heating body 3 by appropriate means, and the sealed container 7 is filled with the next thermal decomposition material in an easily accessible place outside the furnace. The airtight container 7 is mounted inside the indirect heating body 3 again. Even if it takes some time to take out and install the airtight container 7, the heat medium has a heat storage effect, so that the temperature of the indirect heating body 3 is prevented from decreasing. Therefore, it becomes possible to significantly save the amount of heating energy required for the next generation of pyrolysis gas.

In addition, by preparing a plurality of airtight containers 7 in advance and attaching them to the indirect heating element 3 in exchange, the work efficiency can be significantly improved, and the heat treatment can be performed with almost no heat loss. becomes possible.

Furthermore, since the structure is configured such that the heating effect from the burner 2, which is a heat source, to the closed container 7 is performed via the intermediate heating element 3, even if the contents leak due to damage to the closed container 7, It is possible to maintain the safety of work because the salt is received by the indirect heating element 3, and even if an unexpected accident such as damage to the indirect heating element 3 occurs and the salt leaks, the above-mentioned salt will not explode. It is safe because it simply burns.

〔Concrete example〕

Next, specific examples will be explained separately for (1) the case of steam distillation and (2) the case of carbonization (carbonization after initial steam distillation).

(1) In the case of steam distillation, a
After injecting water of f, 150 kg of plants (
After storing the cypress leaves) and sealing the container by tightening the lid 7b, the container is inserted into the intermediate heating member 3 which has heated the internal salt to a molten state. Thereafter, the high-speed jet burner 2 is heated to maintain the temperature of the sealed container at 100°C while controlling the temperature with a thermocouple, and the water with a capacity of 702 injected into the steam generating can 9911 is turned into steam, and depending on the generation situation of this steam, Furthermore, water is successively injected to make steam, which is released from the steam release pipe 15 under the lattice in the closed container 7 via a check valve, and essential oil ( Hinoki oil) 1.1ffi
(wood vinegar and tar were not distilled out).

(2) In the case of carbonization method (carbonization after initial steam distillation) the volume is 0
．． After pouring 30ffi of water into the bottom of the main part 7a of the 4nf airtight container 7, 150 kg of wood (Japanese cypress spacing) was stored on the lattice 14, and the lid part 7b was tightened to seal it. It is inserted into the intermediate heating body 3 which has heated the internal salt to a molten state. After that, the intermediate heating body 3 is heated to a temperature of 250 mL in the closed container.
When the high-speed jet burner 2 is intermittently heated until the temperature reaches °C, the water injected into the bottom of 301 turns into steam, and the essential oil is steam pyrolyzed and distilled from the bark and surface of the wood. After that, approximately 70% of the water contained in the woody part of the wood evaporates together with the wood components and cypress oil, resulting in carbonization.
Because there is little vapor as a medium, essential oils with low water content are distilled out, and approximately 2.
When the temperature reached 250°C in 40 minutes, pyroligneous bones were distilled out, so the process was stopped. The amount of essential oil was 2.22.

Note that at 210°C, there was still no odor of wood vinegar bones, so if you stop heating at this point, the amount of essential oil will decrease, but you can stop the wood vinegar odor, and if you heat it further, it will become tarry at about 300°C. It is theoretically possible to distill off the fraction as well. However, this was not done as it would be inconsistent with the objective of extracting cypress oil.

Although not explained in the above embodiments, the lid 7b of the hermetic container 7 may be configured to be liquid-tight so that cooling water can flow inside to cool the steam generated within the hermetic container 7. There is also. That is, with this configuration, when performing steam distillation, after sealing a predetermined amount of plants and steam in a sealed container, closing the steam guide pipe and flowing cooling water into the lid, the sealed steam evaporates and then cools. By repeating the process of falling and evaporating as water droplets, plant components can be extracted without adding steam, and can be effectively used in the production of boiled liquids for Chinese herbal medicines.

After passing through such a process, if the cooling water is discharged, the temperature of the indirect heating element is raised, and the steam guide pipe 9 is opened, the operation can be directly carried out as in the above embodiment, so there is no problem.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the present invention includes a heating furnace consisting of a lower chamber having a high-speed jet burner and an upper chamber in which combustion gas is swirled; The concave indirect heating body faces the upper chamber wall of the heating furnace through a certain gap, the bottom face faces the lower chamber, and the decomposition of the heat object can be hermetically housed. It has a steam guide pipe for extracting steam, and a removable sealed container inserted so as to face the inner surface of the indirect heating body through a certain gap, and the indirect heating body is equipped with a thermocouple and a plurality of thermocouples. a steam generating can band is attached to the outer periphery of the upper part in an annular manner, a lattice is provided at the inner bottom of the sealed container, and the lower side of the grid is connected to the steam generating can band through a connecting means. Because it is characterized by being equipped with a steam ejection tube, it can perform both steam distillation and carbonization, and can combine the components of the target material and gently and uniformly heat and decompose the material through a heating medium. Distillation can also be used in combination, so essential oils of consistent quality can be extracted for different purposes.

In addition, a small amount of electric power 2 KW/H (0,4
This has excellent effects in that it is possible to maintain a predetermined temperature by saving energy (in the case of n), to employ an unmanned carbonization method at night, and to expect an improvement in the oil extraction rate.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a front sectional view, FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the main part. 1- Heating furnace 1a = Combustion chamber (lower chamber) 1b- Upper chamber 2- High speed jet burner 3- Intermediate heating body 5- Thermocouple 6- Heater 7- Sealed container 1a-- Main part 7b- Lid Part 9.13 - Steam guide pipe 11 - Steam generating can band 12 - Connection means 14 - Grid 15 - Steam jet pipe Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A heating furnace consisting of a lower chamber having a high-speed jet burner and an upper chamber in which combustion gas is swirled; a heating medium with heat storage properties that becomes molten at a predetermined temperature is sealed inside, and the outer peripheral surface of the heating furnace facing the upper indoor wall of the building through a certain gap,
A concave indirect heating body whose bottom face faces the lower chamber and a decomposing object to be heated can be hermetically housed, and a lid part has a steam guide pipe for taking out pyrolysis steam from the decomposition to be thermally decomposed. and a removable closed container charged so as to face each other through a gap, the indirect heating body has a built-in thermocouple and a plurality of heaters, and a steam generating can band is arranged in an annular shape around the upper outer periphery. The pyrolysis of wood and plants, characterized in that a lattice is provided at the inner bottom of the closed container, and a steam jet pipe is provided below the lattice and communicates with the steam generating can zone through a connecting means. Device. (2) The apparatus for pyrolyzing wood and plants according to claim 1, wherein the heating furnace has an inner wall coated with far-infrared paint. (3) The apparatus for pyrolyzing wood and plants according to claim 1, wherein the lid of the airtight container is capable of containing water.