JP7635054B2 - SKILL EVALUATION SYSTEM, SKILL EVALUATION PROGRAM, SKILL EVALUATION METHOD, AND SKILL EVALUATION DEVICE - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a technique for evaluating the skill of tightening a flange with a gasket sandwiched therebetween and for providing evaluation and advice for acquiring the skill.

When connecting pipelines, a gasket is placed between the flanges at the ends of each pipe to prevent gases or liquids flowing inside the pipeline from leaking from the connection. When connecting such pipelines, it is necessary to tighten multiple bolts and nuts to the opposing flanges. Flanges are fastened in a specified procedure with a specified tightening torque. Gaskets provide a sealing performance when installed under specified conditions.

With regard to such flange tightening work, there is a system that receives output signals from strain gauges installed on multiple bolts, calculates the variance of the output signals during tightening work, the variance of the output signals when tightening work is completed, and the degree of tightening when tightening work is completed, and judges the skill level from these (for example, Patent Document 1). Also, with regard to sealing work, there is a system that generates axial force distribution information from the axial force and position information of the bolts tightening the flange joint, and displays and monitors this axial force distribution information (for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2015-217497 A JP 2017-161388 A

Meanwhile, the gasket sandwiched between the flanges is tightened with an appropriate axial force to multiple fastening parts made of bolts and nuts, and the tightening axial force is uniform between each fastening part, thereby providing a sealing function for the connection parts of pipes using flanges.
Regarding the tightening of flanges using gaskets, detailed construction standards are clearly stated in, for example, JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), and it is a given that workers will be familiar with these construction standards.
However, even if tightening work is performed after thoroughly understanding such construction standards, it is important to gain experience through construction training. In plant facilities, etc., many pipe connections using flanges are often arranged, and in actual tightening work, it is not possible to check the tightening torque value applied to each bolt and nut, the axial force acting, whether the flanges are parallel to each other, etc., using sensors. In tightening work, even if it is determined that the tightening has been performed according to the procedure according to the standard, there is a problem that there is a possibility that the inclination of the flanges and the variation in the axial force between the bolts, which cannot be detected by visual inspection, may occur.

The inventors of the present invention have discovered that by providing a comprehensive evaluation of the multiple skills required for proper fastening, as well as indicating shortcomings in each individual skill, it is possible to deepen understanding of the relationship between knowledge of work procedures and actual work results.

Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose or suggest any solution to such problems, and the configurations disclosed in these documents cannot solve such problems.
Based on this knowledge, the present invention aims to enable a person to understand the relationship between the evaluation of the skills required for fastening work and the overall evaluation results of the fastening state, and to acquire accurate and appropriate fastening skills.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the skill evaluation system of the present invention, there is provided a skill evaluation system for evaluating a fastening skill for a flange having a gasket sandwiched therebetween, the system comprising: a fastening work unit that performs a flange fastening work in which a gasket is sandwiched between flanges and a plurality of work steps are set by tightening bolts and nuts; information acquisition means that acquires work information including at least an axial force applied to the flange by the bolt and a surface-to-surface distance between opposing flange surfaces at a plurality of locations as the work steps progress ; and at least:
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force value of the bolt
(3) A processing unit is provided which sets an evaluation item for the parallelism of the flange surfaces for each work process , compares the work information with standard information for each evaluation item to generate skill evaluation information for each work process, generates a screen including the acquired work information each time a predetermined timing arrives from the start to the completion of the work process , and generates a comprehensive evaluation result of fastening skills using the skill evaluation information for the work process, and generates a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the comprehensive evaluation result , and the processing unit is capable of continuously displaying the generated multiple screens over time .

In the above skill evaluation system, the information acquisition means acquires the work information including work time information of the fastening work and fastening position information of the bolt for each of the work processes, and the processing unit further
(4) Fastening work time
(5) One or both of the evaluation items for the fastening work procedure may be set, and the skill evaluation information may be generated based on the results of comparing the set evaluation items with the standard information corresponding to the evaluation items, and the overall evaluation result may be generated using the skill evaluation information.
In the above-described skill evaluation system, the processing unit may set, for each bolt, category information that is set in accordance with a difference value of the detected axial force value relative to the reference information, and generate the skill evaluation information based on a distribution range of the category information.
In the above-mentioned skill evaluation system, the processing unit may generate advice information for the skill evaluation information for each evaluation item, and display the advice information within the skill evaluation screen or on another screen associated with the skill evaluation screen.
In the above skill evaluation system, the screen includes a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display sections displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display sections displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, and a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance within the chart graphic, and the processing unit may display transition of the axial force value and the face-to-face distance over time by continuously displaying the generated plurality of screens .

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the skill evaluation program of the present invention, there is provided a skill evaluation program to be implemented by a computer, the skill evaluation program comprising: a function of acquiring, from an information acquisition means, work information including an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt and a surface-to-surface distance between a plurality of opposing flange surfaces as the work processes progress by tightening a bolt and a nut through a plurality of work processes to fasten a flange; and at least:
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force value of the bolt
(3) The computer is caused to execute the following functions: setting an evaluation item for the parallelism of the flange surfaces for each work process , comparing the work information with standard information for each evaluation item to generate skill evaluation information for each work process; generating the acquired work information each time a predetermined timing arrives from the start to the completion of the work process; generating a comprehensive evaluation result of fastening skills using the skill evaluation information for the work process; generating a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the comprehensive evaluation result ; and displaying the generated multiple screens continuously over time .

In the skill evaluation program, a function of acquiring the work information including work time information of the fastening work and fastening position information of the bolt from the information acquisition means for each of the work processes; and
(4) Working hours
(5) It may include a function for setting one or both of the evaluation items for work procedures, a function for generating the skill evaluation information based on a comparison result between the set evaluation items and the standard information corresponding to the evaluation items, and a function for generating the overall evaluation result using the skill evaluation information.
The skill evaluation program may include a function of setting, for each bolt, category information that is set in accordance with a difference value of the detected axial force value relative to the reference information, and generating the skill evaluation information based on a distribution range of the category information.
The above skill evaluation program may include a function of generating advice information for the skill evaluation information for each evaluation item, and displaying the advice information within the skill evaluation screen or another screen associated with the skill evaluation screen.
The above skill assessment program may include a function for generating the screen including a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display units displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display units displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts in the chart graphic and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance, and a function for displaying transition of the axial force value and the face-to-face distance over time by continuously displaying the generated plurality of screens .

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the skill evaluation method of the present invention, there is provided a skill evaluation method for evaluating a fastening skill for a flange having a gasket sandwiched therebetween, the method comprising the steps of: a work information acquisition unit acquiring work information including an axial force applied to the flange by the bolt and a surface-to-surface distance between a plurality of points on opposing flange surfaces as the work process progresses by fastening a bolt and a nut through a plurality of work processes; and a processing unit of an information processing device acquiring at least:
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force values of the bolts ;
(3) The method includes a step of setting an evaluation item for the parallelism of the flange surfaces for each work process , and generating skill evaluation information for each work process by comparing the work information with standard information for each evaluation item; a step in which the processing unit generates a screen including the acquired work information each time a predetermined timing occurs from the start to the completion of the work process; a step in which the processing unit generates a comprehensive evaluation result of fastening skills using the skill evaluation information for the work process; a step in which the processing unit generates a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the comprehensive evaluation result; and a step in which the processing unit continuously displays the generated multiple screens over time .
The above skill evaluation method may include a step of generating the screen including a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display units displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display units displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, and a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance in the chart graphic, and a step of displaying transition of the axial force value and the face-to-face distance over time by the processing unit successively displaying the generated plurality of screens.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a skill evaluation device includes an information acquisition unit that acquires work information including an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt and a surface-to-surface distance between a plurality of points on opposing flange surfaces as a plurality of work steps set in a flange fastening work in which bolts and nuts are fastened proceeds; and at least:
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force value of the bolt
(3) A control unit is provided which sets an evaluation item for the parallelism of the flange surfaces for each work process , compares the work information with standard information for each evaluation item to generate skill evaluation information for each work process, generates a screen including the acquired work information each time a predetermined timing arrives from the start to the completion of the work process , and generates a comprehensive evaluation result of fastening skills using the skill evaluation information for the work process, and generates a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the comprehensive evaluation result , and the control unit is capable of continuously displaying the generated multiple screens over time .
In the above skill evaluation device, the screen includes a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display sections displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display sections displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, and a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance within the chart graphic, and the control unit may display transition of the axial force value and the face-to-face distance over time by continuously displaying the generated plurality of screens.

The present invention provides one of the following effects:

(1) By generating a skill evaluation screen by combining individual skill evaluations and a comprehensive evaluation using work information including axial force values, axial force variation, and flange parallelism, it becomes possible to allow workers to recognize the impact of each piece of work information on the evaluation results when the flange tightening work is completed.

(2) By combining the overall fastening results with the information on each task to perform a skill evaluation, the worker can understand the elements for which points were deducted and the reasons for them, which can be used to learn fastening tasks and correct skills.

(3) Even if you have experience in fastening work, you can check the work content and key points and improve your fastening work skills, thereby increasing the reliability of construction.

10 is a flowchart showing an example of a skill evaluation process using work information from flange tightening according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a skill evaluation system. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an information processing device according to a second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reference information table. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of evaluation criteria. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an axial force skill evaluation table. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a parallelism skill evaluation table. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the distribution of axial force variations. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an axial force variation skill evaluation table. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a comprehensive evaluation table. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a skill evaluation screen. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the transition state of skill evaluation due to replay. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a skill evaluation system according to a third embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reference information table. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a work procedure information table. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a skill evaluation table for axial force and parallelism. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a work time skill evaluation table. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a setting screen. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a skill evaluation screen.

First Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows an example of a skill evaluation process for flange tightening according to the first embodiment. The process contents and procedure shown in Fig. 1 are examples, and the present invention is not limited to such contents. The skill evaluation process shown in Fig. 1 is an example of a skill evaluation method or a skill evaluation program of the present invention.
In the skill evaluation process, for example, as shown in Figure 1, a flange fastening operation (S101) is performed in which a gasket is sandwiched between two opposing flanges and multiple bolts and nuts are tightened between the flange faces to fasten them, and the work information is monitored to generate evaluation information for each skill and an overall evaluation result of the fastening skills.
In this tightening operation, the fastening operation unit 4 (FIG. 2) acquires preset operation information related to the skill (S102). In addition, the processing unit 8 (FIG. 2), which executes the evaluation process for the tightening operation, compares the operation information with the reference information (S104) when the evaluation items for the skill evaluation are set (S103), and generates the skill evaluation information (S105). Furthermore, the processing unit 8 generates a comprehensive evaluation result screen (S106), and generates a skill evaluation screen that combines the comprehensive evaluation result and the skill evaluation information (S107).

Flange fastening work (S101): The fastening work unit 4 is equipped with a piping model in which, for example, a gasket is sandwiched between two flanges, and nuts can be fastened to bolts that pass through the flanges. The examinee (worker) undergoing the skills assessment selects a set type and number of bolts and nuts, places them on the piping model, and fastens the bolts and nuts using a set tool, for example a wrench. In this fastening work, the fastening is performed according to a process that follows preselected standard information, and set values such as axial force and fastening torque.

Acquisition of work information (S102): The processing unit 8 acquires work information including measurement values such as the axial force value indicating the tightening state of the bolt and nut and the flange face distance from, for example, a sensor installed in the fastening work unit 4. This work information may include, for example, the axial force value acting on the bolt due to the tightening work and information on the gap between the flanges, as well as information regarding the position and order of the bolts tightened. The processing unit 8 may select information to be used for at least the set skill evaluation items, or may acquire all information that can be collected regardless of the skill evaluation items.

Setting of evaluation items (S103): The processing unit 8 sets evaluation items for skills related to tightening work. The processing unit 8 stores items stipulated for tightening flange joints in standards such as JIS and ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers), as well as other items set based on these standards. The evaluation items set include at least (1) bolt axial force value, (2) axial force value dispersion, and (3) flange surface parallelism. In addition, the evaluation items may include either or both of (4) tightening work time and (5) tightening work procedure.

Comparison of work information and reference information (S104): The processing unit 8 compares the work information and reference information for the set evaluation items to perform an evaluation process to determine whether the tightening work is performed in accordance with the reference information. The reference information is an example of a comparison standard associated with the evaluation item, and values specified in standards such as JIS and ASME, or axial force values set according to the type of gasket, etc. are adopted. This reference information may be, for example, information stored in advance in the memory area of the processing unit 8, or may be obtained from an external database (DB) connected to the processing unit 8 , or may be information stored in advance in a computer that manages the sealing work.

Generation of skill evaluation information (S105): The processing unit 8 generates skill evaluation information based on the results of comparing the work information with the reference information. The skill evaluation information is an example of a judgment result of whether the examinee's fastening work is suitable for the evaluation criteria specified in the reference information, and an evaluation result in which points are added or subtracted according to the degree of deviation from the value specified in the reference information is adopted. Other than that, the skill evaluation information may be, for example, a multiple-choice evaluation of whether or not the criteria are met.

Generation of overall evaluation result (S106): The processing unit 8 uses the skill evaluation information generated for each evaluation item to generate an overall evaluation result. The overall evaluation result is an example of an evaluation result of the work state generated, for example, by combining the skill evaluation information for each evaluation item, and is generated by evaluating whether the results of all the set evaluation items meet the criteria. The overall evaluation result may be expressed, for example, as a total value of the skill evaluations, or as a rank expressed in numbers, letters, or other symbols.

Generate skill evaluation screen (S107): The processing unit 8 generates a skill evaluation screen that combines the generated overall evaluation result with the skill evaluation information for each evaluation item.
The skill evaluation screen may be displayed on the display unit of the processing unit 8, or may be transmitted to a terminal device carried by the examinee.

Fig. 2 shows an example of the configuration of a skill evaluation system. The configuration shown in Fig. 2 is just an example, and the present invention is not limited to such a configuration.
<Skill evaluation system 2>
This skill evaluation system 2 includes, for example, a fastening work unit 4, an information acquisition unit 6, and a processing unit 8.
The fastening work section 4 is formed with a piping model in which a worker who is an examinee 10 performs the work of fastening bolts and nuts. In this piping model, the type and orientation of flanges and gaskets, the fastening orientation and number of bolts and nuts, etc. can be set according to the scale of the facility or equipment that is the subject of the skill evaluation.

The information acquisition unit 6 is an example of a means for acquiring work information 12 related to the tightening of the flanges from the fastening work unit 4. This information acquisition unit 6 is composed of measuring instruments such as an axial force sensor installed in the fastening work unit 4, a displacement meter that measures the gap between the flanges, and a camera that records the work status of the fastening work unit 4, as well as a data logger that is connected to these measuring instruments wirelessly or by wire and collects measured information and images.

The processing unit 8 is configured as a computer, and is an example of a means for carrying out a skill evaluation process for the examinee 10 based on the collected task information 12 and generating an evaluation screen.
The processing unit 8 is connected to the information acquisition unit 6 by wire or wirelessly, and acquires the collected work information 12 at a set timing or in real time. The processing unit 8 selects or assigns the work information 12, or performs information processing, based on the evaluation items 14 set automatically or by an administrator who manages the skill evaluation process. The processing unit 8 includes standard information 18 as a skill evaluation standard. The standard information 18 is, for example, information stored in a storage unit 32 of an information processing device 30 (FIG. 3) constituting the processing unit 8, or information read from an external database, and includes information such as a standard value for the items set in the evaluation items 14, evaluation contents, and the purpose of evaluation. The processing unit 8 includes, for example, a skill evaluation information generation function unit 20, a comprehensive evaluation result generation function unit 22, and a skill evaluation screen generation function unit 24.
The skill evaluation information generating function unit 20 is an example of a function unit that generates skill evaluation information by comparing the task information 12 assigned in accordance with the evaluation items 14 with the reference information 18 .
The overall evaluation result generation function unit 22 is an example of a function unit that generates an overall evaluation result by using the skill evaluation information generated for each evaluation item 14 .
The skill evaluation screen generating function unit 24 is an example of a function unit that generates a skill evaluation screen 24-1 that combines the overall evaluation result and skill evaluation information for each evaluation item.

[Advantages of the First Embodiment]
According to this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) A skills evaluation screen is generated by combining the skills evaluation information generated using the work information 12 with the overall evaluation result of the fastening work, and is presented to the examinee 10. This enables the examinee 10 to grasp not only whether or not he or she can perform the flange fastening work, but also each of his or her lacking skills, thereby contributing to improving his or her fastening work skills.

(2) Even if you have experience with tightening work, you can check the work content and key points, and improve your tightening skills, thereby increasing the reliability of the work.

Second Embodiment
Fig. 3 shows an example of the configuration of an information processing apparatus according to the second embodiment. The configuration shown in Fig. 3 is one example. In Fig. 3, the same parts as in Fig. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The information processing device 30 is an example of a device that executes the skill evaluation process, the generation process of the overall evaluation result, and the generation process of the skill evaluation screen based on the acquired work information 12 in the skill evaluation system 2. The information processing device 30 is, for example, a computer, and includes at least a processing unit 8 and a storage unit 32. The information processing device 30 is, for example, configured with an OS (Operating System) that is the basis of the operation process, a processor that executes the arithmetic processing of the skill evaluation program , and a memory that is the operating area of these programs. The processing unit 8 includes, for example, an evaluation item setting function unit 34, a skill evaluation function unit 36, and a skill evaluation screen generation function unit 24 by the arithmetic processing of the skill evaluation program. The storage unit 32 is, for example, configured with a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory or a HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and stores the program executed by the information processing device 30, as well as data generated in the skill evaluation process and the work information 12.

In addition, the information processing device 30 includes an information presenting unit 39 that presents information such as the generated skill evaluation screen, the settings of the skill evaluation process, the progress status, etc. The information presenting unit 39 may be configured, for example, as a monitor device connected to the information processing device 30 by wire and displaying images, or an audio output device that notifies audio information, or may be another computer connected to the information processing device 30 by wireless communication, or a terminal device used by an examinee who undergoes the skill evaluation or an administrator who manages the skill evaluation .

The memory unit 32 stores, for example, an examinee table 40, standard information tables 42, 44, a work information table 46, skill evaluation tables 48, 60, 80 for each evaluation item, and an overall evaluation table 100 as a database for skill evaluation processing, and also stores the generated skill evaluation screen 24-1 .
The examinee table 40 is an example of a database that stores information about the examinees 10 who will undergo a skills evaluation of flange fastening. The examinee table 40 stores, for example, the name of the examinee 10 who will undergo a skills evaluation, assigned ID (IDentification) information, date and time information, evaluation item information for which the examinee will take the test, and the like.

<About the standard information table>
The standard information tables 42, 44 are an example of a comparison standard for the skill evaluation process, and store evaluation standard information for each item executed by the skill evaluation system 2, i.e., one or more items that can be set as evaluation items.
As shown in FIG. 4, the reference information table 42 includes a process information section 421 as well as at least three evaluation items: an axial force evaluation section 422, a gap evaluation section 423, and an axial force variation evaluation section 424.

The process information section 421 stores process information stipulated in standards for tightening flange joints, or process information set using these standards. In the process information section 421, for example, a "pre-tightening" process and a "final tightening" process are set as bolt tightening work processes, and the bolt and nut may be further divided so that the tightening is performed in multiple steps. In addition, the process information section 421 may further set a "preparation" process before the "pre-tightening" process, and an "additional tightening" process after the "final tightening" process.

The axial force evaluation unit 422 stores evaluation information for the axial force value acting on the bolt for each tightening process. The axial force evaluation unit 422 stores, for example, a target value for the axial force set for stage information such as the number of times the bolt is tightened, as well as deduction information according to the range of difference between the detected value and the target value. This deduction information is an example of information used, for example, in the generation process of skill evaluation information and overall evaluation results.

The gap evaluation unit 423 is an example of standard information that specifies the distance between the flat surfaces of opposing flanges with a gasket interposed therebetween. The evaluation value of this gap is, for example, a value related to the parallelism of the flange surfaces. The gap evaluation unit 423 stores evaluation standard information such as deduction information according to the value and range of the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the distance between opposing flange surfaces at one or more points on the flange surfaces for each work process, for example.

The axial force variation evaluation unit 424 stores the range of difference between the maximum and minimum detected axial force values for the tightening of multiple bolts and nuts, as well as deduction information as an evaluation criterion for that value.

In addition, in this reference information table 42, at least three evaluation items, ie, axial force evaluation, gap evaluation, and axial force variation evaluation , are set, and other evaluation items may also be set.

The reference information table 44 is an example of an evaluation criterion for evaluating the variation of the axial force, and an evaluation criterion is set for classifying the value of the axial force acquired as the work information into predetermined values, as shown in FIG. 5. The classification of the reference information table 44 is assigned according to the difference ratio with respect to the reference axial force value, for example, by comparing the reference axial force value set for each work process with the axial force value that is the work information. The classification of the axial force value is set to classifications A, B, ..., F for every 5% difference ratio if the value is greater than the reference value, and to classifications G, H, I for every 5% difference ratio if the value is smaller than the reference value. In the reference information table 44, as an evaluation example, for example, 10 points is set as the highest evaluation when the axial force values acquired from a plurality of bolts are distributed within the same or two adjacent classifications, and thereafter, the evaluation points are set with points deducted for the larger range of the classification in which the axial force values are arranged. In other words, in the evaluation of the variation of the axial force, the narrower the distribution range of the axial force value or the smaller the deviation, the higher the evaluation point.
In addition, in the axial force variation evaluation, a method of determining the range in which all of the acquired multiple axial force values are located has been described, but the method is not limited to this. In such an axial force variation evaluation, the highest axial force value and the lowest axial force value may be used, and the distribution range may be determined using the difference or deviation between these two values.

<About the Skill Evaluation Table>
The skill evaluation table is an example of a processing table for comparing work information with reference information. In this embodiment, the evaluation items include at least the axial force value, the axial force variation, and the flange parallelism. Therefore, the skill evaluation table shows a case where an axial force skill evaluation table 48 (FIG. 6), a parallelism skill evaluation table 60 (FIG. 7), an axial force variation skill evaluation table 80 (FIG. 9), and a comprehensive evaluation table 100 (FIG. 10) that combines a plurality of evaluation items are used as tables for evaluating each evaluation item.

<Axial force skill evaluation>
6, for example, in the axial force skill evaluation table 48, axial force skill evaluation files 48-1, 48-2, ..., 48-N are generated for each examinee 10. Each of the axial force skill evaluation files 48-1, 48-2, ..., 48-N has an identification information section 50, a process section 52, a target value section 54, a measurement section 56, and an evaluation section 58 formed therein.

The identification information section 50 receives information for identifying the person or organization to be evaluated, such as the name and identification number of the examinee 10 who is the worker performing the fastening work, as well as the name of the company or a specific group. This identification information section 50 may receive, for example, the same content as part or all of the information stored in the examinee table 40 (FIG. 3) , or may be associated with an information column formed in the examinee table 40 by a link.

In the process section 52, information indicating the work process set as the tightening work procedure, for example, is stored as information indicating the timing of the execution of the axial force skill evaluation. For this work process, for example, a "setup" process, a "pre-tightening" process, a "final tightening" process, a "re-tightening" process, etc., may be set as procedures stipulated in standards such as JIS, or processes such as "tightening by 10% of the axial force", "tightening by 20% of the axial force", etc. may be set as more detailed process information. This process section 52 may be set with the work procedure adopted in the skill evaluation, or information adopted as the timing for the axial force evaluation from among such work procedures.

The target value section 54 stores the target value of the axial force set for the work process. The target value of the axial force is set to a value set according to standards or empirical rules for, for example, the size of the flange to be fastened, the type and material of the gasket, the number of bolts, etc. For example, a target value F11 is set for the initial process A1 of temporary fastening for fastening a flange and gasket fastened with eight bolts. Furthermore, a target value F12 larger than F11 is set for the second process A2 of the subsequent temporary fastening.

The measurement unit 56 is an example of a processing unit in which the acquired work information is stored and which executes evaluation processing against the target value. The measurement unit 56 is formed with a data storage unit for each bolt that is the evaluation target. Furthermore, each data storage unit includes a work information unit 561 in which the axial force value, which is the work information, is stored, and an evaluation unit 562 in which evaluation information for each evaluation target is stored. This evaluation unit 562 stores, for example, a comparison result between the information stored in the work information unit 561 and the information stored in the target value unit 54, evaluation information based on the comparison result, and the like. The data storage unit is associated with, for example, an axial force sensor that is installed on the bolt in advance, and work information detected by tightening a specific bolt is input to the associated data storage unit.

The result of the axial force skill evaluation for each work process is stored in the evaluation section 58. For this axial force skill evaluation, for example, the total value of the deduction points stored in the evaluation section 562 for a plurality of bolts 1 to 8, or a deduction point value derived based on this total value, is stored as an evaluation result.
It should be noted that evaluation section 58 is not limited to storing specific values, and may store, for example, evaluation ranks using symbols or letters of the alphabet.
In this axial force skill evaluation, the evaluation is performed based on the work information stored in the measurement unit 56, for example, through the following process.
(a) A process to determine the difference in the average value of the target axial force (whether the average axial force is within a certain range of the target axial force).
(b) Processing to determine the difference between the maximum and minimum values (variation in axial force).
(c) Judgment process for the difference between the target axial force and the maximum value (whether the local axial force exceeds the fracture stress of the gasket).
(d) A process for determining the difference between the target axial force and the minimum value (whether the local axial force falls below the sealing limit stress of the gasket).

<Parallelism skill evaluation>
7, for example, in the parallelism skill evaluation table 60, parallelism skill evaluation files 60-1, 60-2, ..., 60-N are generated for each examinee 10. Each of the parallelism skill evaluation files 60-1, 60-2, ..., 60-N includes an identification information section 62, a process section 64, a measurement section 66, a minimum value section 68, a maximum value section 70, a difference section 72, and an evaluation section 74.

The identification information section 62 stores the name of the examinee 10 who is the worker who performs the tightening work. This identification information section 62 stores the name registered in the examinee table 40 and the same information as the information stored in the identification information section 50 of the axial force skill evaluation table 48.

The process section 64 stores information indicating the timing of execution of skill evaluation of parallelism based on distance measurement between flange surfaces, for example, information indicating a work process set as a tightening work procedure.
The distance between the flange faces may be measured after each bolt tightening process, or may be set to be measured only when the final process is completed.

The measurement unit 66 stores the measurement values between two flange faces measured by multiple displacement meters or the like installed on the flange faces. Between the flange faces, the number of measurement positions for the face-to-face distance is set according to, for example, the flange diameter, and each measurement position can be identified to identify the position of the flange face-to-face distance. As a result, the measurement unit 66 stores the measurement values from, for example, the set measuring equipment in the fields set for each measurement.

The minimum value section 68 and the maximum value section 70 store the smallest or largest value of the measurement values stored in the measurement section 66. In addition, the minimum value section 68 and the maximum value section 70 may store, for example, together with the measurement value, information that can identify the inter-surface position at which the measurement value becomes the minimum or maximum value.

The difference section 72 stores, for example, a difference value calculated from the measurement values stored in the minimum value section 68 and maximum value section 70 for each work process. The parallelism of the flanges represents the inclination state between the flanges due to the influence of flange positioning processing, the hand tightening of bolts which is a preparation process for tightening, and the tightening of bolts using a tool. In determining the parallelism, for example, it is determined that the flanges are most inclined along the two points where the face-to-face distance is maximum and minimum.

The evaluation section 74 stores evaluation points X1, X2, X3, etc., based on a comparison between the values stored in the inter-face difference section 72 and reference information. For example, a deduction method for the evaluation points assigned to parallelism may be used for these evaluation points, and if the maximum difference between faces is 0, the deduction is 0, and the larger the maximum difference, the larger the deduction.

<Evaluation of axial force variation>
Fig. 8 shows an example of the distribution of axial force variations, and Fig. 9 shows an example of an axial force variation skill evaluation table. The configurations shown in Figs. 8 and 9 are merely examples.
In the axial force variation evaluation, for example, the distribution state of the axial force values acting on the multiple bolts 1 to 8 that are the measurement targets is evaluated. The skill evaluation function unit 36 of the processing unit 8 evaluates the distribution state of the axial force values using the reference information table 44, for example, as shown in FIG. 8. The variation distribution shown in FIG. 8 shows the distribution state of the axial force values of, for example, examinees Z1, Z2, and Z3. In the axial force variation evaluation, an ideal example is given in which the axial force is distributed within sections A and G, which are set within a range of ±5% of the reference value of the axial force. In the ideal example, the axial force is distributed within two sections, and an evaluation of 10 points is given as an evaluation example. In addition, examinee Z2 is given an evaluation of, for example, a fail evaluation as an evaluation point, since the axial force is distributed in five ranges from section B to section I. In addition, examinee Z3 is distributed in two sections, sections E and F, which are far from the reference value, and an evaluation of the axial force variation is given an evaluation of 10 points.

The axial force variation skill evaluation table 80 includes, for example, an identification information section 82, a bolt distribution number section 84, a distribution classification section 86, a distribution range section 88, a scoring section 90, and a judgment section 92, as shown in FIG.
The identification information section 82 stores the name of the examinee 10 who is the worker who will carry out the fastening work.
In this identification information section 62, the names registered in the examinee table 40 and the same information as that stored in the identification information section 50 of the axial force skill evaluation table 48 are stored.

The bolt distribution number unit 84 stores the number of operation information items assigned to each classification based on the comparison result between the acquired axial force value acting on each bolt and the reference value. Here, the bolt distribution number unit 84 stores only the number of bolts assigned to it, but this is not limited to this. The bolt distribution number unit 84 may store, for example, information specifying which bolts are assigned to each bolt along with the number of bolts assigned to each classification, or identification information for the sensor installed on the bolt.

The distribution division section 86 stores range information of divisions assigned according to the value of the axial force.
The distribution range section 88 stores the number of categories of the assigned axial force.
The scoring unit 90 is an example of evaluation information that is evaluated based on standard information set according to the number of distribution ranges, for example.
The judgment unit 92 stores the pass/fail judgment result of the axial force variation evaluation based on the evaluation score stored in the scoring unit 90.

<About the overall evaluation>
Fig. 10 shows an example of the overall evaluation table. The configuration shown in Fig. 10 is just an example.
The skill evaluation function unit 36 generates a skill evaluation result for each set evaluation item, and also generates a comprehensive evaluation result that combines and evaluates these skill evaluation results.
The overall evaluation table 100 is an example of a processing area for generating an overall evaluation result based on the skill evaluation result for each evaluation item, and includes, for example, as shown in FIG. 10 , an identification information section 102, an axial force evaluation section 104, a parallelism evaluation section 106, an axial force variation evaluation section 108, an other results section 110, a total score section 112, and an evaluation result section 114.

The identification information section 102 stores the examinee's name and organization name, and stores the same information as the names registered in the examinee table 40 and the information stored in the identification information section 50 of the axial force skill evaluation table 48.

The axial force evaluation unit 104, parallelism evaluation unit 106, axial force variation evaluation unit 108, and other results unit 110 store, for example, the information stored in the evaluation unit 58 of the axial force skill evaluation table 48, the evaluation unit 74 of the parallelism skill evaluation table 60, and the scoring unit 90 of the axial force variation skill evaluation table 80 as evaluation results for the set evaluation items, as well as evaluation results for other evaluation items.

The total score section 112 stores, for example, a score obtained by totaling the evaluation results stored for each evaluation item, or a score calculated based on a predetermined evaluation criterion using the evaluation results for each of these evaluation items.

The evaluation result section 114 is an example of a comprehensive evaluation result, and stores evaluation information that is set based on the score stored in the total score section 112. This evaluation information is expressed, for example, as a rank display showing the skill level using letters, numbers, symbols, etc., or an evaluation result such as "pass" or "fail."

<About the Skill Evaluation Screen>
Fig. 11 shows an example of the skill evaluation screen. The evaluation items and screen configuration shown in Fig. 11 are only examples.
The skill evaluation screen generation function unit 24 generates a skill evaluation screen 120 by using the evaluation results of each evaluation item stored in the overall evaluation table 100. The skill evaluation screen 120 is an example of an evaluation result screen for each examinee, and includes task information, skill evaluation, and overall evaluation result.
The skill evaluation screen 120 shown in FIG. 11 is composed of a skill evaluation section 122 displayed using, for example, task information, a skill judgment section 123, a judgment result section 124, a comment section 125, and an operation display section 126.

The skill evaluation unit 122 is configured by combining a distribution diagram, for example, which shows the tightening positions of eight bolts and the flange face-to-face measurement positions, with work information for each work process. The distribution diagram, for example, includes a regular octagonal diagram aligned with the positions of the eight bolts, as well as axial force display units 132a, 132b, ..., 132h and display units 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d of the flange face-to-face value between two predetermined bolts. These display units 132a, 132b, ..., 132h and display units 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d are associated with, for example, the axial force skill evaluation table 48 and the parallelism skill evaluation table 60, and are capable of displaying the axial force and the flange face-to-face value. In addition, the distribution diagram shows, for example, the axial force distribution result 135, the axial force reference value 136, and the flange face-to-face distribution result 137 in a chart. This chart display shows, for example, the work information when all the tightening steps are completed, or the work information for the step at the end of the step set by the selection operation or at the time of the display operation of the skill evaluation screen 120. As the work step progresses, the values of the chart display and axial force display parts 132a, 132b, ..., 132h, and the flange surface-to-flange surface value display parts 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d for the two specified bolts change. In addition, the distribution figure may also show values or chart displays from the previous step as comparative information for the axial force value or flange surface-to-flange value, for example.

In the chart display of the axial force value, the figure of the distribution result 135 is distorted relative to the figure of the axial force reference value 136, which indicates that the axial force value does not match the reference value or that the axial force varies between bolts. Also, the value of the display section 134a, which is a part of the distribution result 137 of the flange face-to-face value, is projected, which indicates, for example, a state in which the tightening process of the bolts progresses and the tightening strength of some parts of the flange becomes weak, resulting in a so-called uneven tightening state.
The display units 132a, 132b, ..., 132h and the display units 134a, 134b, 134c, and 134d may display an alert by flashing or color coding for the measurement values that are determined not to satisfy the standard information by the skill evaluation in each process. Also, the display units 132a, 132b, ..., 132h and the display units 134a, 134b, 134c, and 134d may display a new screen consisting of the axial force skill evaluation table 48, the parallelism skill evaluation table 60, and the measurement results of only the work process by selecting the part where the alert is displayed. This allows the examinee, the work manager, and the like to check the state of the work that did not satisfy the standard value.

The skill judgment section 123 is an example of a display area for skill evaluation information for each evaluation item, and for example, tightening force (axial force) 1271, axial force variation 1272, flange surface parallelism 1273, tightening procedure 1274, time 1275, etc. are set as pre-set evaluation items. The evaluation items set here are only examples, and evaluation items that can be evaluated from work information, or evaluation items that utilize other work information not shown in the examples may be set.
The skill assessment unit 123 is provided with a selection unit 128 for selecting evaluation items to be used in the overall assessment. The selection unit 128 can be operated by, for example, an examinee or an assessment test supervisor. In this embodiment, as an example, a case is shown in which the items of tightening force (axial force) 1271, axial force variation 1272, and flange surface parallelism 1273 are selected.
Furthermore, the skill assessment unit 123 is provided with evaluation point display units 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, and 1295 for each evaluation item. These evaluation point display units 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, and 1295 display, for example, evaluation results evaluated for all processes of a fastening work, or for processes that were completed when the skill evaluation screen 120 was generated. Furthermore, the evaluation point display units 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, and 1295 may display, for example, items below a minimum standard score in color or blinking as a warning.

The judgment result section 124 is an example of a display area for the judgment results judged in the overall evaluation process, and may be linked to the evaluation information stored in the evaluation result section 114 of the overall evaluation table 100, for example. The overall evaluation process utilizes the skill evaluation results for the evaluation items selected in the selection section 128. The judgment result section 124 may display, for example, "Best", "Better", and "Good" as examples of evaluation displays that have met the passing standard, "Retry" and "Brush Up" as examples of evaluation displays that have failed, as well as other numerical values and symbols.

The comment section 125 is an example of a display section for making the examinee aware of information such as advice and evaluation points generated based on the judgment result, and may be automatically generated by the processing section 8 of the information processing device 30, or may be input by the skill evaluation supervisor, etc. The comment section 125 may display information automatically generated according to a format stored in the memory section 32, for example, for evaluation items that do not meet the pass criteria. For example, if the axial force is insufficient, the comment section 125 displays the location of the insufficient tightening force and advice on how to acquire a sense of appropriate tightening force. Furthermore, for example, if there is a large difference between the flange faces, the comment section 125 displays the fact that tilt has occurred and its location, as well as advice information on tightening preparation.

The operation display section 126 is an example of a display of operation items for the skill evaluation screen, and displays items such as sub-screens, reports, and menus.
The sub-screen is a navigation operation section for moving to a display screen such as task information for each evaluation item, a chart display screen thereof, or a transition state diagram.
The report function creates a report of the final tightening results, and performs processes such as outputting image files and printing, and creating a database of tightening history.
The menu is an operation unit for moving to, for example, an initial screen for the skill evaluation process or a setting screen for evaluation items.

The skill evaluation screen 120 may also display information such as the maximum difference in the measured flange face distance and an evaluation score for the tightening axial force value.

<Example of skill evaluation screen functions>
12 shows an example of a display of the transition state of skill evaluation by replay. The configuration of the display screen, the display contents, and the display method shown in FIG.
The processing unit 8 displays work information for each work process by connecting to a skill evaluation table for each evaluation item in response to a selection operation on the display units 132a, 132b, ..., 132h, 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d, etc. of the skill evaluation screen 120, and also has a replay function that displays work information and a transition state of skill evaluation due to the progress of the work process, as shown in Fig. 12. The skill evaluation screen generation function unit 24 generates, for example, a playback screen 140A (A in Fig. 12) that displays a state during the work process, and a work completion screen 140B (B in Fig. 12) that displays a state in which the work process is completed by final tightening. These playback screens 140A and work completion screens 140B may generate a plurality of screens including the acquired work information and skill evaluation results at set time intervals until the tightening work is completed, or may generate images at the timing when the work information is acquired or the skill evaluation is generated, and display these images continuously over time. Alternatively, the skill evaluation screen generation function unit 24 may display the playback screen 140A from the start of the task to its completion as a real-time video.

The playback screen 140A includes a timing display section 142 that indicates the evaluation timing of the displayed skill evaluation, and the viewer can select and operate the timing display section 142 to display the skill evaluation results in the previous and next work processes. The playback screen 140A includes at least the same display items as the skill evaluation screen 120, such as a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number of bolts to be tightened, display sections 132a-1, 132b-1, ... that display axial force values , and display sections 134a-1, 134b-1, ... that display the flange surface distance. The playback screen 140A also includes an operation section 144 that performs a progress process of the displayed content, a stop process of the progress, a repeat progress process, and the like.
In the playback screen 140A, for example, by advancing time, the display results of the display units 132a-1, 132b-1, ... and the display units 134a-1, 134b-1, ... change as the work process progresses, and the number and size of the lines in the chart graphic increase in accordance with this change. In the chart graphic, for example, the axial force value is displayed as tightening is performed at the timing of the start of work. At this time, the target axial force and the detected axial force value are displayed small. In addition, in the chart graphic, as the work process progresses and the number of tightening revolutions increases, the axial force value increases, and the distribution graphic expands accordingly.
In addition, on the playback screen 140A, the color of the frame of the display sections 132a-1, 132b-1, ... and the display sections 134a-1, 134b-1, ..., which transition as the playback time progresses, may be changed or made to blink when the target conditions of the work process during playback are not met.

In the work completion screen 140B, the axial force values when the final tightening is completed are displayed in the display sections 132a-2, 132b-2, ..., and the flange surface-to-surface values are displayed in the display sections 134a-2, 134b-2. At this time, the chart shows that the detected axial force values match the target axial force or reach a range close to the target axial force. In other words, the distribution diagram of the axial force values matches or is similar to the target axial force, and this allows the required or ideal sealing state to be obtained.

The processing unit 8 can also generate transitions in flange interfacial values in addition to axial force values, for example, for the transition state of skill evaluation by replay.

<About Skill Evaluation Processing>
The skill evaluation process executed by the information processing device 30, for example for the task of tightening a bolt to a flange, includes a process of acquiring work information (S201), a process of setting evaluation items for the skill evaluation (S202), a process of reading out standard information corresponding to the set skill evaluation (S203), a process of comparing the work information with the standard information (S204), a process of generating skill evaluation information (S205), a process of generating an overall evaluation result (S206), and a process of generating a skill evaluation screen that combines the overall evaluation result and the skill evaluation information (S207).

[Effects of the Second Embodiment]
According to this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) The same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

(2) By displaying the evaluation results for the entire fastening work together with the individual skill evaluations for each evaluation item and work process, examinees can understand the work status and its effects, enabling them to acquire appropriate work techniques.

(3) It is possible to perform a detailed analysis and determine whether the work can be performed according to the standard information that is understood as knowledge.

Third Embodiment
Fig. 13 shows an example of the configuration of a skill evaluation system according to the third embodiment. The configuration shown in Fig. 13 is just an example, and the present invention is not limited to such a configuration.
<Skill Evaluation System 150>
As shown in FIG. 13, for example, this skill evaluation system 150 includes a fastening operation unit 152, a surface-to-surface distance measurement unit 154 and an axial force measurement unit 156 which are the information acquisition unit 6 , an information processing device 30, and an information presentation unit 39.

The fastening work section 152 is provided with a flange 160 at the connection portion of two pipes arranged, for example, vertically. This fastening work section 152 may utilize, for example, piping equipment used in a plant or the like, or may utilize a training device created to imitate such piping equipment. Flanges 160-1 and 160-2 provided at the tip of each pipe have nuts 164 attached to a plurality of bolts 162 that are inserted at regular intervals through the periphery of the flange 160. For example, eight bolts 162a, 162b, ... 162h and nuts 164a, 164b, ... 164h are installed on this flange 160. Gaskets are sandwiched between the joints of the flanges 160-1 and 160-2, and the bolts 162a, 162b, ... 162h and nuts 164a, 164b, ... 164h are tightened using a tool 166. As a result, the gasket is pressed between the flanges 160-1 and 160-2, thereby providing a seal for the connection between the pipes. The tool 166 may be, for example, a manual wrench, a torque wrench, a nut runner, or a tool with a function for measuring the tightening axial force.

In addition, a tool other than a manual wrench may be capable of transmitting and receiving information on measurement values and setting values between, for example, the axial force measuring unit 156 of the information acquisition unit 6 and the information processing device 30.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 13, the fastening work section 152 may be configured so that the flange faces are opposed to each other in the horizontal direction and the nuts 164 are turned horizontally or nearly so to fasten the bolts 162 that pass through vertically. Alternatively, the fastening work section 152 may be configured so that the flange faces are opposed to each other in the vertical direction and the nuts 164 are turned vertically or nearly so to fasten the bolts 162 that pass through vertically.

Some or all of the bolts 162 installed on the flange 160 are equipped with sensors 168a, 168b, ..., 168h that detect the axial force. The detected axial force of each sensor 168a, 168b, ..., 168h is input to the information processing device 30 via the axial force measuring unit 156 and used as work information.

<Measuring the distance between flange faces>
In the skill evaluation system 150, the axial force acting by the fastening of the bolt 162 and the nut 164 is detected, and the face-to-face distance between the flanges is measured as construction information of the flange fastening process. The face-to-face distance D is measured by measuring the gap between the opposing faces of the flanges 160-1 and 160-2 with a face-to-face distance measuring unit 154, as shown in FIG. 13. The face-to-face distance measuring unit 154 is an example of the information acquiring unit 6, and measures the face-to-face distance using data measured by the displacement sensors 170a, 170b, ... installed on the flange 160. The displacement sensors 170a, 170b, ... use, for example, contact-type displacement meters, and the tip of the measuring unit penetrates the flange 160-2 and contacts the flat portion of the opposing flange 160-1. In the measurement of the face-to-face distance of the flanges 160 , the measuring unit expands and contracts in response to the increase and decrease in the gap between the flanges 160 in response to the fastening of the bolt, for example, to measure the displacement. Alternatively, the displacement meter may measure distance by irradiating a measurement surface with laser light and receiving the reflected light. A plurality of displacement sensors 170a, 170b, ... are disposed at equal intervals or at intervals close to equal intervals on the circumferential surface of flange 160, and may be disposed, for example, on the circumference on which bolts 162 and nuts 164 are disposed. At least one or more bolts and nuts are interposed between displacement sensors 170a, 170b, ..., and the number of sensors to be installed is set according to, for example, the outer diameter of flange 160 used and the resolution of the parallelism to be set.

<About the information processing device>
The information processing device 30 includes, for example, a processing unit 8, a storage unit 32, and a clock means.
This time measuring means is an example of a means for acquiring time information such as elapsed time, and acquires time information by using a timer or a time measuring program executed by the processing unit 8 .

In this embodiment, in addition to the at least three evaluation items shown in the second embodiment, namely axial force, flange parallelism, and axial force variation, skill evaluation processing is performed based on evaluation items including work time and work process.

<About the standard information table>
FIG. 14 shows an example of the reference information table 180 .
This reference information table 180 specifies the reference information for the evaluation items added in the third embodiment. Therefore, the reference information table 180 may be used in combination with the above-described reference information tables 42 and 44 in accordance with the set evaluation items.
14, this reference information table 180 includes a time evaluation section 182, a procedure 1 evaluation section 184, and a procedure 2 evaluation section 186. Each evaluation section stores reference information in association with work process information.

The time evaluation unit 182 stores the elapsed time until the set work process is completed and the reference information for the evaluation. For the set work process, the work time for each of the "pre-tightening" process and the "final tightening" process, or a combination of these, is set.

The procedure 1 evaluation unit 184 is an example of standard information related to the evaluation of work procedures, and stores information such as the number of bolts installed on the flange, the tightening sequence, and the tightening means, as well as the evaluation criteria. In this procedure 1 evaluation unit 184, as shown in FIG. 15, for example, work procedure information tables 190A and 190B are stored, or the standard information is linked so that it can be read from the work procedure information tables 190A and 190B stored in other storage areas. As shown in FIG. 15A, for example, the work procedure information table 190A stores work procedure information set based on information specified in the JIS standard. Also, as shown in FIG. 15B, for example, the work procedure information table 190B stores work procedure information set based on information specified in the ASME standard.

The work procedure information tables 190A, 190B include, for example, process sections 192A, 192B, bolt number sections 194A, 194B, tightening procedure sections 196A, 196B, and objective sections 198A, 198B.
The process sections 192A and 192B are processes from mounting the flange 160 to tightening the bolts 162 , and store a process for evaluating the work procedure.
The bolt number sections 194A and 194B store information such as the number and positions of the bolts 162 that are the subject of skill evaluation processing, out of the number of bolts 162 that is set according to the inner diameter of the gasket or flange, etc.

The tightening procedure sections 196A and 196B store information such as tightening means and tightening sequence.
The objective sections 198A and 198B are, for example, an example of explanatory information relating to a fastening procedure, and store information that the worker should understand in the skill evaluation.

<Work procedure skill evaluation>
In the work procedure skill evaluation process, the order of bolt tightening operations is evaluated, for example. In the flange 160, positions P1, P2, ..., P8 are set as identification information for specifying the positions and tightening positions of the bolts 162 and nuts 164, for example. In the tightening process of the flanges 160 (160-1, 160-2), so-called diagonal tightening is used in the preliminary tightening and final tightening processes. If the tightening start is P1, the tightening order of this diagonal tightening is P1 → P5 → P3 → P7 → P2 → P6 → P4 → P8, with P8 being the tightening end point. In the work procedure skill evaluation process, in addition to monitoring the order of changes in the axial force values measured by the sensors 168a, 168b, ..., 168h, changes in the position information of the tool 166 are monitored.

The procedure 2 evaluation unit 186 stores reference information on the maximum value of the axial force (peak axial force) acting on the bolt immediately after tightening. The axial force value acting on the bolt is maximum immediately after tightening by the tool. In the flange tightening process, a plurality of tools are tightened in one process according to a set sequence. When one bolt is tightened, the tightening force acts on the other bolts, so-called elastic interaction occurs. That is, when bolt a is tightened, the flange is displaced downward on the bolt a side, and then displaced toward the bolt d side by tightening the other bolt d. At this time, the axial force on the bolt a side of the flange is reduced by the displacement toward the bolt d side. When all the bolts are tightened according to a predetermined procedure, the flange is tightened at a specified axial force and in a parallel or nearly parallel state.
In the evaluation of step 2, an evaluation process is performed on the axial force immediately after tightening. In step 2, the work information obtained from the displacement meter installed on the flange may be used to evaluate the peak axial force during tightening as well as the flange face distance at that time.

In addition to these three evaluation items, other evaluation items may be set in this criteria information table 180.

<Work procedure skill evaluation>
FIG. 16 shows an example of a skill evaluation table for axial force and parallelism.
For this axial force and parallelism skill evaluation table 200, skill evaluation files 200-1, 200-2, ... 200-N are generated for each examinee. The axial force and parallelism skill evaluation table 200 stores the axial force peak value for each bolt work process and the flange parallelism at that time. The axial force peak value and the flange parallelism for each work process are an example of a work procedure skill evaluation. The axial force and parallelism skill evaluation table 200 includes, for example, an identification information section 202, a process section 204, an axial force section 206, a surface-to-surface measurement section 208, a total score section 210, and a judgment result section 212, as shown in FIG. 16 .

The identification information section 202 is used to input information that identifies the person or organization being evaluated, such as the name and identification number of the examinee who will be performing the tightening work, as well as the name of the company or a specific group.

The process section 204 stores information indicating the timing of execution of the skill evaluation of the axial force at the completion of tightening, for example, information indicating the work process set as the tightening work procedure. This process section 204 may be set with information regarding the work procedure adopted in the skill evaluation, and information regarding the timing of evaluation of the axial force and parallelism within such a work procedure.

The axial force section 206 is a processing area that evaluates the axial force for each work process, and includes a target value section 2061, a measurement result section 2062, and an evaluation section 2063.

The target value section 2061 stores the target value of the axial force set for each work process. This target value of the axial force is set to a value different from the target value of the axial force evaluation at the completion of the work process in the second embodiment, for example.

The measurement result unit 2062 stores the axial force value obtained for the bolt immediately after it has been tightened and before the bolt in the next work sequence is tightened. The axial force measurement unit 156, for example, constantly collects detection data from the sensors 168a, 168b, etc., and monitors the change in the axial force value detected from the bolt that is in the tightening procedure, and may extract the maximum value and send it to the information processing device 30.

The evaluation unit 2063 compares the maximum axial force stored in the measurement result unit 2062 with the target value stored in the target value unit 2061, and stores an evaluation result based on the comparison result. The axial force is evaluated, for example, by determining whether there are any bolts whose difference between the axial force value stored in the measurement result unit 2062 and the target value is greater than or equal to a predetermined range, and by setting a deduction number according to the number of bolts whose difference is greater than or equal to the predetermined range.

The axial force section 206 may display, for example, a color or blinking display for bolts that are determined to be subject to point deductions based on a comparison between the axial force value and the target value. This allows the examinee to recognize which bolts do not meet the regulations in the tightening work.

The face-to-face measurement unit 208 is a processing area that evaluates the flange face-to-face value when fastening is completed, and includes a measurement result unit 2081 and a difference unit 2082.
The measurement result unit 2081 stores the measurement values between the flange surfaces acquired from the displacement sensors 170a, 170b, ... when the tightening of each bolt is completed. The flange surface-to-surface value changes as the tightening of the multiple bolts progresses.

The difference section 2082 stores, for example, for each work process, the difference between the maximum and minimum measurement values stored in the measurement result section 2081.

The total score section 210 stores the evaluation results calculated by the axial force and parallelism skill evaluation process for each work process.

The judgment result section 212 uses the evaluation results stored in the total score section 210 to store the pass/fail judgment results based on the evaluation of axial force variation and flange parallelism.

<Evaluation of work time>
FIG. 17 shows an example of a work time skill evaluation table.
The task time skill evaluation table 220 is an example of a processing area for evaluating the task time required for a set task process. The task time skill evaluation table 220 includes, for example, an identification information section 221, a reference information section 222, a limit reference information section 223, a measurement value section 224, and an evaluation section 225.

The identification information section 221 stores information that identifies the examinee for the skill assessment.

The reference information section 222 is an example of reference information on working time. This reference information may be set uniformly based on, for example, an average value of past working time, or may be changed for each examinee depending on conditions such as the examinee's experience level or a skill evaluation rank (not shown).
The limit reference information section 223 is another example of reference information for the work time, and stores the maximum time for the tightening work. In this reference information, the limit time may be set according to conditions such as the number of bolts to be installed in the flange.

The measured value section 224 stores information about the time that has elapsed from the start to the end of a specified work process.
The evaluation section 225 performs skill evaluation by combining the working time stored in the measurement value section 224, the information stored in the reference information section 222, and the limit reference information section 223.

<Overall evaluation>
Fig. 18 shows an example of a setting screen. The display items, values, and layout shown in Fig. 18 are only an example.
The setting screen 230 is an example of a display screen that displays the point allocation conditions, reference information, work processes, etc., when performing the skill evaluation process and the overall evaluation process, and can be set. As shown in Fig. 18, for example, this setting screen 230 includes an axial force setting section 232, a parallelism setting section 234, a work time setting section 236, and a work process setting section 238 as setting conditions for each evaluation item.

The axial force setting unit 232 is an example of an evaluation condition for the axial force skill evaluation, and stores, for example, the point allocation conditions used in the axial force skill evaluation, the target value of the axial force, the limit value conditions of the axial force, as well as points deduction conditions for the comparison result between the reference information and the measured value.

The parallelism setting unit 234 is an example of an evaluation condition for the parallelism skill evaluation, and stores, for example, a point allocation condition between the measured flange faces, conditions for the maximum and minimum values between the faces, and a subtraction value condition according to the magnitude of the maximum difference between the faces.

The work time setting section 236 is an example of an evaluation condition for work time skill evaluation, and stores points allocation conditions, reference value conditions, time limit conditions, points deduction conditions for exceeding the time limit, etc.

The work process setting section 238 stores conditions such as the completion rate for each work process, such as "pre-tightening" and "final tightening."

<About the Skill Evaluation Screen>
Fig. 19 shows an example of a skill evaluation screen. The evaluation items and screen configuration shown in Fig. 19 are examples. In Fig. 19, the same parts as in Fig. 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The judgment result screen 240 is an example of a skill evaluation screen for each examinee, and is composed of, in addition to the skill evaluation screen 120, an identification information section 242, a test result section 244, an axial force transition section 248, an axial force result section 250 at the time of tightening completion, an inter-face transition section 252, and an inter-face value section 254, as shown in FIG. 19, for example.

This skill evaluation screen 120 displays the skill evaluation results for five evaluation items when the tightening procedure and time selection section 128 is selected, and displays, for example, axial force values, flange face-to-face values, and a polygonal distribution diagram showing measurement positions and number of measurements, as well as including a work time display section 246.

In the identification information section 242, information that identifies the person or organization being evaluated, such as the name and identification number of the examinee who will be performing the tightening work, as well as the name of the company or a specific group, is entered. The information displayed in the identification information section 242 is used to identify the examinee and to associate with the skill evaluation table for each evaluation item that has been set.

The test result section 244 is an example of the overall evaluation result of the skill evaluation process, and displays evaluation information such as the overall score along with information such as the test date and time and the type of gasket.

The axial force transition section 248 is an example of the result information of the axial force skill evaluation and the work procedure skill evaluation, and displays the transition state of the axial force detection value for each bolt in a graph. This axial force transition section 248 shows, for example, that the axial force value increases significantly immediately after the bolt is tightened, and then, as time passes and other bolts are tightened, the axial force value decreases at a predetermined rate due to stabilization of the tightening state and elastic interaction, and then becomes a stable value.

The axial force result section 250 at the completion of tightening displays the maximum axial force value at the completion of tightening. The axial force result section 250 at the completion of tightening is linked to the axial force and parallelism skill evaluation table 200, and displays the axial force value stored in the axial force section 206 according to the selected work process. This axial force result section 250 at the completion of tightening is associated with the axial force transition section 248, for example, and by selecting the maximum value or minimum value, etc., the corresponding part of the axial force transition section 248 can be displayed in a distinguishable manner by changing the color or blinking.

The face-to-face transition section 252 is an example of the result information of the parallelism skill evaluation and the work procedure skill evaluation, and displays the transition state of the flange face-to-face value detected by each displacement sensor in a graph. For example, this face-to-face transition section 252 shows a state in which the face-to-face value decreases significantly immediately after tightening, and then the flange face-to-face value stabilizes over time and as other bolts are tightened.

The face-to-face value at the time of fastening is displayed in the face-to-face value at the time of fastening completion section 254. The face-to-face value at the time of fastening completion section 254 is linked to the skill evaluation table 200 for axial force and parallelism, and displays the flange face-to-face value stored in the face-to-face measurement section 208 such as the measurement result section 2081 at the time of fastening completion.

[Effects of the third embodiment]
According to this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) The same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

(2) By displaying the distribution of evaluation results across the set evaluation items, test takers can understand what skills and experience they are lacking.

(3) By displaying comments about evaluation items, work processes, etc., where sufficient evaluation results were not obtained, the effectiveness of acquiring skills for fastening work can be improved.

[Modifications]
Modifications of the embodiment described above are listed below.

In the above embodiment, the process of determining the tightening order is performed based on the order detected by the axial force sensor with respect to the skill evaluation of the work procedure, but the skill evaluation process of the present invention is not limited to such a method. In the work procedure skill evaluation, for example, the motion information of the examinee may be acquired as the work procedure and the evaluation may be performed. This motion information may be collected, for example, from the motion of the examinee himself, or may be obtained using a camera installed in goggles worn by the examinee. The camera installed in the goggles may be, for example, so-called smart glasses with a built-in computer having a function of photographing the line of sight and the direction in which the examinee faces during the tightening work. In this way, the skill evaluation system 150 may transmit and receive image information by communication between the goggles and the information processing device 30. Furthermore, the skill evaluation system 150 may collect tightening timing information of each bolt 162 and nut 164 in the work process, and associate the construction information acquired by the sensor 168 with the motion information to grasp it as a work procedure.
Additionally, the skill evaluation system 150 may obtain work information by taking images including the examinee's movements and contact positions, for example, using a camera placed in the work area where fastening work is performed.

As described above, the most preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described. The present invention is not limited to the above description. Various modifications and changes are possible for those skilled in the art based on the gist of the invention described in the claims or disclosed in the description for carrying out the invention. It goes without saying that such modifications and changes are included in the scope of the present invention.

According to the present invention, for each evaluation item set as the subject of skill evaluation, a skills evaluation screen is generated that includes each skill evaluation and a combined overall evaluation result, and this is shown to the examinee, which is useful in deepening awareness of skills that are lacking and improving the effectiveness of skill acquisition.

Reference Signs List 2, 150 Skill evaluation system 4, 152 Fastening work unit 6 Information acquisition unit 8 Processing unit 10 Examinee 12 Work information 14 Evaluation item 18 Standard information 20 Skill evaluation information generation function unit 22 Overall evaluation result generation function unit 24 Skill evaluation screen generation function unit
24-1 Skill evaluation screen
30 Information processing device 32 Storage unit 34 Evaluation item setting function unit 36 Skill evaluation function unit
3 9 Information presentation section 40 Examinee table 42, 44, 180 Reference information table 421 Process information section
422, 104 Axial force evaluation section 423 Gap evaluation section 424 Axial force variation evaluation section 46 Work information table 48 Axial force skill evaluation table 48-1, 48-2, ... 48-N Axial force skill evaluation file 50, 62, 82, 102, 202, 221 Identification information section
52, 64, 192A, 192B, 204 Process Department
54, 2061 Target value section 56, 66 Measurement section 561 Work information section 562, 58, 74, 2063, 225 Evaluation section 60 Parallelism skill evaluation table 60-1, 60-2, ... 60-N Parallelism skill evaluation file 68 Minimum value section 70 Maximum value section 72, 2082 Difference section 80 Axial force variation skill evaluation table 84 Bolt distribution number section 86 Distribution category section 88 Distribution range section 90 Scoring section 92 Judgment section 100 Overall evaluation table 106 Parallelism evaluation section 108 Axial force variation evaluation section 110 Other results section 112, 210 Overall score section 114 Evaluation result section 120 Skill evaluation screen 122 Skill evaluation section 124 Judgment result section 125 Comment section 126 Operation display unit 1271 Fastening force (axial force)
1272 Variation in axial force 1273 Parallelism between flange faces 1274 Tightening procedure 1275 Time 128 Selection section 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295 Evaluation point display section 132, 132a, 132b, ..., 132h, 132a-1, 132b-1, ..., 132h-1, 132a-2, 132b-2, ..., 132h-2, 134, 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d, 134a-1, 134b-1, 134c-1, 134d-1, 134a-2, 134b-2, 134c-2, 134d-2 Display section 135 Distribution result of axial force 136 Reference value of axial force 137 Flange surface-to-surface distribution result 140A Playback screen 140B Work completion screen 142 Timing display section 144 Operation section 154 Surface-to-surface distance measurement section 156 Axial force measurement section 160, 160-1, 160-2 Flanges 162, 162a, 162b, ... 162h Bolts 164, 164a, 164b, ..., 164h Nuts 166 Tools 168, 168a, 168b, ..., 168h Sensors 170a, 170b, ... Displacement sensors 182 Time evaluation section 184 Procedure 1 evaluation section 186 Procedure 2 evaluation section 190A, 190B Work procedure information table 194A, 194B Bolt number section 196A, 196B Tightening procedure section 198A, 198B Object section 200 Axial force and parallelism skill evaluation table 206 Axial force section 2062, 2081 Measurement result section 208 Face-to-face measurement section 212 Judgment result section 220 Work time skill evaluation table 222 Standard information section 223 Limit standard information section 224 Measurement value section 230 Setting screen 232 Axial force setting section 234 Parallelism setting section 236 Work time setting section 238 Work process setting section 240 Judgment result screen 242 Identification information section 244 Test result section 246 Work time display section 248 Axial force transition section 250 Axial force result at the time of tightening completion section 252 Face-to-face transition section 254 Face-to-face value at tightening section

Claims (14)

A skill evaluation system for evaluating a fastening skill of a flange having a gasket therebetween, comprising:
a fastening work unit that fastens a flange having a gasket sandwiched between the flanges and fastens bolts and nuts to perform a flange fastening work having a plurality of work steps ;
an information acquiring means for acquiring work information including at least an axial force applied to the flange by the bolt and a surface-to-surface distance between the opposing flange surfaces at a plurality of locations as the work process progresses ;
at least,
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force value of the bolt
(3) a processing unit that sets an evaluation item for the parallelism of the flange surfaces for each of the work processes , compares the work information with reference information for each of the evaluation items to generate skill evaluation information for each of the work processes, generates a screen including the acquired work information each time a predetermined timing arrives from the start to the completion of the work process, and generates a comprehensive evaluation result of the fastening skills using the skill evaluation information for the work process, and generates a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the comprehensive evaluation result;
wherein the processing unit is capable of continuously displaying the generated plurality of screens over time . The information acquisition means acquires the work information including work time information of the fastening work and fastening position information of the bolt for each of the work processes,
The processing unit further comprises:
(4) Fastening work time
(5) The skill evaluation system described in claim 1, characterized in that one or both of the evaluation items for fastening work procedures are set, the skill evaluation information is generated based on the results of comparing the set evaluation items with the standard information corresponding to the evaluation items, and the overall evaluation result is generated using the skill evaluation information. The skill evaluation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the processing unit sets classification information for each bolt according to the difference value of the detected axial force value relative to the reference information, and generates the skill evaluation information based on the distribution range of the classification information. The skill evaluation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the processing unit generates advice information for the skill evaluation information for each of the evaluation items, and displays the advice information within the skill evaluation screen or on another screen associated with the skill evaluation screen. the screen includes a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display sections displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display sections displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, and a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance in the chart graphic,
5. The skill evaluation system according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit displays a transition of the axial force value and the surface-to-surface distance over time by continuously displaying the generated plurality of screens. A skills assessment program for computer implementation, comprising:
a function of acquiring, from an information acquiring means , operation information including an axial force applied to the flange by the bolt through a plurality of operation steps by tightening the bolt and the nut to fasten the flange, and a face-to-face distance between a plurality of points on the opposing flange faces, as the operation steps progress;
at least,
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force value of the bolt
(3) a function of setting an evaluation item for the parallelism of flange surfaces for each of the work processes , and generating skill evaluation information for each of the work processes by comparing the work information with reference information for each of the evaluation items;
a function of generating a screen including the acquired work information each time a predetermined timing arrives from the start to the completion of the work process;
a function of generating a comprehensive evaluation result of fastening skills by using the skill evaluation information for the work process ;
a function of generating a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the overall evaluation result;
a function of displaying the generated plurality of screens continuously over time;
A skill evaluation program that causes the computer to execute the above steps. a function of acquiring the work information including work time information of the fastening work and fastening position information of the bolt from the information acquiring means for each of the work processes;
moreover,
(4) Working hours
(5) A function for setting one or both of the evaluation items of the work procedure; and
a function of generating the skill evaluation information based on a comparison result between the set evaluation items and the reference information corresponding to the evaluation items;
a function of generating the comprehensive evaluation result using the skill evaluation information;
7. The skill evaluation program according to claim 6 , further comprising: 8. The skill evaluation program according to claim 6, further comprising a function of setting, for each of the bolts, category information that is set in accordance with a difference value of the detected axial force value relative to the reference information , and generating the skill evaluation information based on a distribution range of the category information. A skill evaluation program as described in any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it includes a function of generating advice information for the skill evaluation information for each evaluation item, and displaying the advice information within the skill evaluation screen or on another screen associated with the skill evaluation screen. a function of generating the screen including a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display sections displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display sections displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, and a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance in the chart graphic;
a function of displaying a transition of the axial force value and the inter-face distance over time by continuously displaying the plurality of generated screens;
10. The skill evaluation program according to claim 6, further comprising: A skill evaluation method for evaluating a fastening skill of a flange having a gasket therebetween, comprising the steps of:
a step of acquiring work information including an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt and a surface distance between a plurality of points on opposing flange surfaces as the work steps progress, by fastening the bolts and nuts through a plurality of work steps to fasten the flange;
The processing unit of the information processing device includes at least
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force value of the bolt
(3) setting an evaluation item for the parallelism of flange surfaces for each of the work processes , and generating skill evaluation information for each of the work processes by comparing the work information with reference information for each of the evaluation items;
generating a screen including the acquired work information at each predetermined timing from the start to the completion of the work process by the processing unit;
a step of the processing unit generating a comprehensive evaluation result of fastening skills by using the skill evaluation information for the work process ;
a step of the processing unit generating a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the overall evaluation result;
a step of the processing unit successively displaying the generated plurality of screens over time;
A skill evaluation method comprising: a step of the processing unit generating the screen including a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display sections displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display sections displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, and a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance in the chart graphic;
a step of displaying a transition of the axial force value and the inter-face distance over time by continuously displaying the plurality of generated screens by the processing unit;
The skill evaluation method according to claim 11, comprising: an information acquisition unit that acquires work information including an axial force applied to the flange by the bolt and a surface distance between two opposing flange surfaces as a plurality of work steps in a flange fastening work for fastening a bolt and a nut progress ;
at least,
(1) Axial force value of the bolt
(2) Variation in the axial force value of the bolt
(3) a control unit that sets an evaluation item for the parallelism of the flange surfaces for each of the work processes , compares the work information with reference information for each of the evaluation items to generate skill evaluation information for each of the work processes, generates a screen including the acquired work information each time a predetermined timing arrives from the start to the completion of the work process, and generates a comprehensive evaluation result of the fastening skills using the skill evaluation information for the work process, and generates a skill evaluation screen including the skill evaluation information and the comprehensive evaluation result;
wherein the control unit is capable of continuously displaying the generated plurality of screens over time . the screen includes a polygonal chart graphic corresponding to the number and positions of the bolts, a plurality of first display sections displaying the axial force value for each of the bolts, a plurality of second display sections displaying the face-to-face distance between opposing flange faces, and a first distribution graphic represented by the axial force value for each of the bolts and a second distribution graphic represented by the face-to-face distance in the chart graphic,
The skill evaluation device according to claim 13, wherein the control unit displays the generated plurality of screens in succession to display transitions of the axial force value and the inter-face distance over time.

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