JP7633963B2 - Wooden floor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to wood floors.

Wood is an anisotropic material with strength anisotropy, and because of its characteristic of being strong in the direction of the fibers, it has been used primarily as wire material for pillars and beams. However, in recent years, large-section materials such as CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) have been developed that minimize the effects of anisotropy, and are widely used as surface materials for floors, walls, etc.

Non-Patent Document 1 describes how, when joining adjacent CLT panels together to form a wooden floor, the opposing ends of the CLT panels are joined together using splines or metal bands. Patent Document 1 also describes how the opposing ends of horizontally adjacent CLT panels are fixed onto a beam structure using studs or bolts to form a wooden floor.

Suzuki Masato, Noda Yasunobu, Ido Hirofumi, Ukyo Saiichiro, Sugimoto Kenichi, Kamiya Fumio, Nakagoshi Takamichi: Study on the in-plane performance of floor structures with CLT panels connected to each other with metal bands and splines: Effect of joint performance on the strength and rigidity of floor structures, Journal of Structural Engineering, Architectural Institute of Japan, Vol. 86, No. 781, pp. 457-467, March 2021

JP 2019-31787 A

In buildings, floors play a role in transmitting the seismic forces acting on each floor to earthquake-resistant elements such as walls. To achieve this, it is important to ensure the in-plane rigidity of the floors and to establish the rigid floor assumption in structural design (the assumption that the entire floor is rigid and behaves as a single unit).

The problem with wooden floors in this case is the joints between the CLT panels, which tend to have low rigidity and strength. For example, if the ends of CLT panels are joined together using splines, metal bands, beams, etc., the stress transfer between the CLT panels becomes indirect via these components, leading to a decrease in the in-plane rigidity of the entire floor.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above problems, and aims to provide a wooden floor or the like that can improve the in-plane rigidity of the entire floor.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a wooden floor formed by stacking wooden boards in upper and lower layers, in which a number of wooden boards are arranged adjacent to each other in each layer, the positions of the opposing ends of adjacent wooden boards differ between the upper and lower layers, the wooden boards of the upper and lower layers are joined by a joining material, and rods protruding from reinforced concrete members located on the sides are inserted into holes in the wooden floor formed by grooves in the wooden boards of the upper and lower layers, and the holes are filled with a filling material .

In this invention, the upper and lower wooden boards are arranged with the opposing ends of each layer offset, and the upper and lower wooden boards are joined with a joining material, which enables stress transmission through the upper and lower surfaces of the wooden boards. This increases the efficiency of stress transmission and improves the in-plane rigidity of the wooden floor, making it easy to realize a rigid wooden floor that behaves as a single unit.
In addition, stress can be reliably transmitted between the wooden floor and the reinforced concrete member.

It is also desirable that the positions of the opposing ends of adjacent wood boards in two directions perpendicular to each other in a plan view differ between upper and lower layers.
This allows the rigid floor assumption to be valid for a wider range of wooden floors.

The present invention provides a wooden floor or the like that can improve the in-plane rigidity of the entire floor.

FIG. FIG. 1 is an example of joining wooden boards 2a and 2b using a fastener 4. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an adhesive 5 and mortar 6. FIG. A diagram showing a wooden floor 1b. A diagram showing a wooden floor 1c. A diagram showing a wooden floor 1d. A diagram explaining the GIR joint between a wooden floor 1 and an RC floor 10.

The following describes in detail an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams showing a wooden floor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1(a) and (b) are cross-sectional views of the wooden floor 1, and Figure 2 is a plan view of the wooden floor 1. Figure 1(a) shows a cross-section along line A1-A1 in Figure 2, and Figure 1(b) shows a cross-section along line A2-A2 in Figure 2.

As shown in Figures 1(a) and (b), the wooden floor 1 is formed by overlapping the board surfaces of an upper layer wooden board 2a and a lower layer wooden board 2b. In the wooden floor 1, multiple wooden boards 2a and 2b are arranged horizontally next to each other on each of the upper and lower layers.

The wooden boards 2a and 2b are planar members made of wooden material, and may be rectangular CLT panels, but are not limited to this. For example, LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) or the like may also be used.

The upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b are arranged in a staggered pattern in the vertical direction of the plane of the wooden floor 1 shown in Figure 2. That is, as shown in Figure 1(a), the position of the opposing ends 21 of the vertically adjacent upper wooden boards 2a is different from the position of the opposing ends 21 of the vertically adjacent lower wooden boards 2b (hereinafter referred to as opposing ends). Note that reference numeral 8 in Figure 2 denotes a steel beam, reference numeral 9 denotes a column, and the wooden floor 1 is provided within a plane surrounded by the steel beam 8 and the column 9. At the position of the column 9, a notch or the like is provided in the wooden boards 2a, 2b to match the shape of the column 9.

As shown in FIG. 1(a), the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b are joined by screws 3, which are joining materials. In this embodiment, the screws 3 are threaded with a thread on the shank, and are screwed into the wooden boards 2a, 2b from the upper and lower layers, respectively. The shank of the screw 3 on the lower layer side penetrates the wooden board 2b of the lower layer to reach the wooden board 2a of the upper layer, and the shank of the screw 3 on the upper layer side penetrates the wooden board 2a of the upper layer to reach the wooden board 2b of the lower layer. The head of each screw 3 is arranged so as not to protrude from the wooden boards 2a, 2b.

On the other hand, in the horizontal direction of the plane of the wooden floor 1 shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIG. 1(b), the positions of the opposing ends 21 between adjacent upper wooden boards 2a in the horizontal direction and the positions of the opposing ends 21 between adjacent lower wooden boards 2b in the horizontal direction are aligned, and these opposing ends 21 are located on the steel beams 8.

The upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b are joined on the steel beam 8 by the screw 3. A hole is pre-formed in the flange of the steel beam 8 to allow the shaft of the screw 3 to pass through, and the screw 3 is screwed into the flange side of the steel beam 8 using the hole, with the shaft penetrating the lower wooden board 2b and reaching the upper wooden board 2a.

In this embodiment, the screw 3 is a threaded one, but it may be a non-threaded one, in which case the screw 3 is driven in by striking. However, if the screw 3 is a threaded one, even if a misalignment occurs between the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b and the screw 3 is pulled diagonally, generating a pull-out force, the screw 3 will exhibit a higher resistance to the pull-out force than if it were not a screw.

Furthermore, fire-resistant covering such as panels or sheets (not shown) may be provided above and/or below the wooden floor 1. However, if the wooden boards 2a and 2b are designed with a combustion allowance in mind, the fire-resistant covering may be omitted.

In this way, in the wooden floor 1 of this embodiment, the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b are arranged with the opposing ends 21 of the wooden boards 2a, 2b of each layer offset from each other, and the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b are joined with screws 3, which enables stress transmission through the upper and lower surfaces of the wooden boards 2a, 2b, as shown by arrow a in Figure 1(a). This increases the stress transmission efficiency and improves the in-plane rigidity of the wooden floor 1, making it easy to achieve a rigid wooden floor 1 in which the entire floor behaves as a single unit. This also makes it possible to reduce the floor thickness.

In addition, in this embodiment, the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b can be easily and firmly joined by using the screws 3. Furthermore, it is possible to use a larger number of screws 3 than when joining the ends of the wooden boards as in Non-Patent Document 1, and since the stress load per screw is reduced, the screws 3 can be simplified in structure.

However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in this embodiment, the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b are joined with screws 3, but the joining material for joining the wooden boards 2a, 2b is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 3(a), the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b may be joined using a fastener 4 consisting of a bolt 41 and a nut 42. This also provides the same effect as when the screws 3 are used.

Figure 3(a) shows an example of joining upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b at a position where there is no steel beam 8, but even at the position of the steel beam 8, by providing a hole in the flange of the steel beam 8 for passing the shaft of the bolt 41 through, the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b can be joined using fasteners 4 as shown in Figure 3(b).

In the example of Figures 3(a) and (b), recesses 22 for accommodating the heads of bolts 41 or nuts 42 are formed in the wooden boards 2a and 2b by seat engraving, thereby preventing the bolts 41 and nuts 42 from protruding from the wooden boards 2a and 2b. The recesses 22 may be filled with a plug or other hole-filling material. Note that the bolts 41 and nuts 42 may protrude from the wooden boards 2a and 2b when a concrete layer 7 (described later) is provided or when the underside of the wooden floor 1 is hidden by a finish or the like.

The joining material is not limited to metal such as the screw 3 and fastener 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 4(a), it is also possible to join the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b using adhesive 5. In the example of FIG. 4(a), the screw 3 and adhesive 5 are used together, but in some cases it is also possible to join the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b using only adhesive 5. In this case, at the position of the steel beam 8, it is also possible for the shaft of the screw 3 to be contained within the lower wooden board 2b, rather than reaching the upper wooden board 2a as in FIG. 1(b).

As shown in FIG. 4(b), the gaps between adjacent wooden boards 2a, 2b in the upper and lower layers may be filled with mortar 6, which is a filler material, thereby improving the transmission of compressive force between adjacent wooden boards 2a, 2b. When filling the mortar 6 in the lower layer, a formwork must be placed on the underside of the wooden board 2b, but the fire-resistant covering panel mentioned above can also be used as the formwork. It is also possible to fill the mortar 6 only in the gaps between the wooden boards 2a in the upper layer.

As shown in the wooden floor 1a in Figure 5, a concrete layer 7 such as top concrete can be provided on the upper wooden board 2a. By integrating the wooden floor 1a and the concrete layer 7, the structural performance is improved. With regard to the screws 3 that join the upper and lower wooden boards 2a and 2b, the head of the screw 3 on the upper layer protrudes into the concrete layer 7, and the tip of the shaft of the screw 3 on the lower layer protrudes into the concrete layer 7. In this way, by embedding the end of the screw 3 in the concrete layer 7, the concrete layer 7 is prevented from shifting, and there is no need to provide a separate anti-slip material. The concrete of the concrete layer 7 also fills the gaps between the upper wooden boards 2a, contributing to improved compression force transmission performance.

In this embodiment, the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b are arranged in a staggered pattern in the vertical direction of the plane, but as shown in the wooden floor 1b in Figure 6 (a), the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b may be arranged in a staggered pattern not only in the vertical direction of the plane, but also in the horizontal direction of the plane.

Figure 6(b) shows a cross section taken along line B-B in Figure 6(a), and in this example, the positions of the opposing ends 21 of the upper wooden boards 2a adjacent in the horizontal direction of the plane are different from the positions of the opposing ends 21 of the lower wooden boards 2b adjacent in the horizontal direction. In this way, by arranging the wooden boards 2a, 2b in a staggered manner in two directions that are perpendicular in a plan view, the rigid floor assumption of the wooden floor 1b can be established over a wider area. On the other hand, arranging the wooden boards 2a, 2b in a staggered manner in only one direction of the plane has the advantage that the combination of the wooden boards 2a, 2b is not complicated.

In this embodiment, the long sides of the upper and lower wooden boards 2a and 2b are aligned with the horizontal direction of the plane, but the long sides of the upper and lower wooden boards 2a and 2b may be aligned with each other as shown in the wooden floor 1c of FIG. 7(a). In the example of FIG. 7(a), the long side of the lower wooden board 2b is aligned with the horizontal direction of the plane, and the long side of the upper wooden board 2a is aligned with the vertical direction of the plane. The wooden boards 2a and 2b may have anisotropic strength in the plane (for example, the long side direction is the strong axis direction), but by changing the orientation of the upper and lower wooden boards 2a and 2b, the strength of the entire wooden floor 1c can be made isotropic.

Figure 7(b) shows a cross section of wooden floor 1c taken along line C-C in Figure 7(a). In Figure 1(a) shown above, the opposing ends 21 of the upper wooden boards 2a are located in the center of the lower wooden board 2b, and the opposing ends 21 of the lower wooden boards 2b are located in the center of the upper wooden board 2a, but in the example of Figure 7(b), the positions of the opposing ends 21 of the upper wooden boards 2a are shifted from the center of the lower wooden board 2b.

In this way, the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b need only have opposing ends 21 of the upper wooden boards 2a and opposing ends 21 of the lower wooden boards 2b in different positions in a plane, and to that extent, there are no particular limitations on the arrangement, size, etc. of the upper and lower wooden boards 2a, 2b.

In this embodiment, the wooden boards 2a and 2b are stacked in two layers, one above the other, but in cases where a thicker floor is desired, three or more layers of wooden boards may be stacked one above the other. The wooden floor 1d in FIG. 8 is an example in which the wooden boards are stacked in three layers, starting from the top, with the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer, in that the opposing ends 21 of the wooden boards 2c in the first layer, the opposing ends 21 of the wooden boards 2d in the second layer, and the opposing ends 21 of the wooden boards 2e in the third layer are all in different positions. However, the opposing ends 21 of the wooden boards 2c in the first layer and the opposing ends 21 of the wooden boards 2e in the third layer may be aligned in the same position.

As shown in Figure 9, a GIR (glued-in rod) joint may be used between the wooden floor 1 and the RC floor 10, which is a reinforced concrete member on its side. The wooden floor 1 is, for example, a floor on the perimeter of a building, and the RC floor 10 is a floor located inside it.

In this case, a bar 11 such as a reinforcing bar protruding from the RC floor 10 toward the wooden floor 1 is inserted into a hole 23 provided on the end face of the wooden floor 1 facing the RC floor 10, and a filler 12 such as epoxy resin is filled into the hole 23. The hole 23 can be formed by combining grooves 231 provided on the underside of the upper wooden board 2a and the top side of the lower wooden board 2b. This ensures that stress is transmitted between the wooden floor 1 and the RC floor 10.

The above describes preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can come up with various modified or revised examples within the scope of the technical ideas disclosed in this application, and it is understood that these also naturally fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d: Wooden floor 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e: Wooden board 3: Screw 4: Fastener 5: Adhesive 6: Mortar 7: Concrete layer 8: Steel beam 9: Pillar 10: RC floor 11: Bar 12: Filler 21: End 22 (of wooden board): Recess 23: Hole 41: Bolt 42: Nut

Claims (2)

A wooden floor formed by stacking wooden boards in upper and lower layers,
In each layer, multiple wooden boards are placed next to each other,
The positions of the opposing ends of adjacent wooden boards are different between the upper and lower layers,
The upper and lower wooden boards are joined together with a joint material.
A wooden floor characterized in that a rod protruding from a reinforced concrete member located on the side is inserted into a hole in the wooden floor formed by a groove in the upper and lower layers of wooden boards, and the hole is filled with a filler material. 2. The wooden floor according to claim 1 , wherein the positions of the opposing ends of adjacent wooden boards in two directions perpendicular to each other in a plan view are different between upper and lower layers.

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