JP7618230B2 - 精神・神経系の疾患又は症状を治療し、予防し又は改善する剤 - Google Patents
精神・神経系の疾患又は症状を治療し、予防し又は改善する剤 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000955 prescription drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010344 pupil dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical class *[Se]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000013220 shortness of breath Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006794 tachycardia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000886 tinnitus Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002271 trichotillomania Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical class OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003681 vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/27—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/145—Amines having sulfur, e.g. thiurams (>N—C(S)—S—C(S)—N< and >N—C(S)—S—S—C(S)—N<), Sulfinylamines (—N=SO), Sulfonylamines (—N=SO2)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
(1) ジスルフィラム
(2) ジエチルジチオカルバメートの金属錯体
(3) 生体内でジエチルジチオカルバメートを生成できるジスルフィド
(4) (1)、(2)又は(3)の薬剤的に許容される塩
(5) (1)、(2)、(3)又は(4)の溶媒和物
(1) ジスルフィラム
(2) ジエチルジチオカルバメートの金属錯体
(3) 生体内でジエチルジチオカルバメートを生成できるジスルフィド
(4) (1)、(2)又は(3)の薬剤的に許容される塩
(5) (1)、(2)、(3)又は(4)の溶媒和物
1. 実験方法
(1) 使用動物
雄性ICRマウス 6~8週齢
ジスルフィラム: 田辺三菱製薬社製の「ノックビン」を使用した。
シアナミド: 田辺三菱製薬社製の「シアナマイド」を使用した。
ジアゼパム:富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製の「ジアゼパム」を使用した。
DDC金属錯体(Fe(DDC)3、Cu(DDC)2):東京化成工業株式会社DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID FERRIC SALTおよびCOPPER DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATEを使用した。
ノックビン、シアナミド及びDDC金属錯体は、DMSOに溶解させた後、-30℃にて冷凍保存した。試験当日に、Tween80およびコーンオイルを用いて、溶媒濃度が2%Tween80 /10%DMSO /88%コーンオイルとなる様に希釈した。
高架式十字迷路(EPM)装置(図1)を用いて、被検薬物投与マウスの不安様行動を評価した。EPM装置とは、壁のない走行路(Open arm)と壁のある走行路(Closed arm)からなる十字型の迷路装置であり、動物の不安様行動の評価に用いられる。ベンゾジアゼピン(BZD)系抗不安剤を投与された動物は、Open arm滞在時間率および侵入回数率を延長させることが知られている。EPM装置を用いた試験は、抗不安剤評価系として最も代表的な試験方法である。
=Open arm滞在時間(sec)/{Open arm滞在時間(sec)+Closed arm滞在時間(sec)}×100
Open arm進入回数(%)
=Open arm進入回数(回)/{Open arm進入回数(回)+Closed arm進入回数(回)}×100
総進入回数(回)
=Open arm進入回数(回)+Closed arm進入回数(回)
(1) ジスルフィラムの抗不安様作用の用量依存性
ジスルフィラムを20, 40, 又は80 mg/kgの用量でマウス(各群n=8)に腹腔内投与し、投与30分後にEPM装置を用いてマウスの探索行動を評価した。陽性コントロールとして、BZD系抗不安剤であるジアゼパムを1.5 mg/kgの用量(ヒトの臨床使用相当量)でマウスに皮下投与し、同様にEPM装置を用いてマウスの探索行動を評価した。溶媒コントロール投与群には2%Tween80 /10%DMSO /88%コーンオイルの溶液を腹腔内投与した。
ジスルフィラムを40 mg/kgでマウス(各群n=8)に投与し、投与から15, 30, 60, 又は120分後にEPM装置を用いてマウスの探索行動を評価した。
ジスルフィラムとシアナミド(H2N-CN)はいずれも、アルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ阻害活性を有する薬物であり、アルコール摂取時に悪酔い症状を生じやすくすることで断酒を促す抗酒癖剤として従来より用いられている。シアナミドにも抗不安様作用があるか否かを検討した。シアナミドは80 mg/kg、ジスルフィラムは40 mg/kgの用量でマウスに投与し(各試験群n=6)、投与30分後にEPM装置を用いてマウスの探索行動を評価した。
ジスルフィラム(DSF)の類縁化合物として、ジエチルジチオカルバメート(DDC)の鉄(III)錯体(Fe(DDC)3)の抗不安様作用を検討した。Fe(DDC)3投与群(n=5)及びDDC投与群(n=4)には、各薬剤を40 mg/kgの用量で腹腔内投与した。溶媒コントロール投与群(n=9)には2%Tween80 /10%DMSO /88%コーンオイルの溶液を腹腔内投与した。投与30分後に5分間の高架式十字迷路試験を実施した。
DSFの類縁化合物として、DDC銅錯体(Cu(DDC)2)の抗不安様作用を検討した。Cu(DDC)2は40 mg/kgの用量でマウス(n=4)に経口投与した。溶媒コントロール投与群(n=4)には2%Tween80 /10%DMSO /88%コーンオイルの溶液を経口投与した。投与60分後に5分間の高架式十字迷路試験を実施した。
(1)使用動物
雄性C57BL/6Jマウス
(2)被検薬物
ジスルフィラム(DSF):田辺製薬株式会社製
スクロース:富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社
(3)投与薬物の調整方法
DSF餌は、MF餌1gあたり0.8 mgのDSFおよび50 mgのスクロースを添加し、コントロール餌は50 mgのスクロースのみを添加(DSFを含まない)して固形餌を作製した。
新規物体位置認識試験(Novel object location task; NOL)により、被検薬物投与マウスの物体認知機能を評価した。NOLは物体の位置を認知する能力を評価するために用いられる(Dix, S.L. & Aggleton, J.P., Behav Brain Res: 1999 Mar;99(2):191-200.)。マウスを33 cm四方の白い箱(Open field; OF)にいれ10分間自由に探索させ、これを3日間行った(馴化)。4日目にOF装置に同じ形状の物体を二つ配置し、マウスに物体の位置を学習させた(図8;学習)。5日目に、一方の物体の位置を学習時とは異なる場所に配置し、マウスに物体を5分間探索させ、物体の探索時間を測定した(図8;記憶想起テスト)。マウスは新規探索性を有するため、前日の物体の位置を記憶していた場合、記憶想起テスト時には新しく配置された場所の物体をより長い時間探索する。
DSF餌またはコントロール餌を3週間マウスに与えた(各群 N = 12匹)。NOL想起テストにおいて、各物体の探索時間を測定し、被検薬物がマウスの認知能力に与える影響を評価した。統計処理はStudentのt検定を行い、p < 0.05を有意差ありとした。
次にモリス水迷路試験(Morris water maze task; WM)により、被検薬物投与マウスの空間学習能力を評価した。WMはマウスの空間学習、記憶の評価に広く用いられる(Morris, R.G.M., Learning and Motivation:1981, 12, 239-260.)。WM装置は直径120 cmの円形のプールに白く着色した水をはり、マウスが脚をついて休める逃避台(PF)を沈める。マウスをランダムな場所から遊泳をスタートさせ、隠された逃避台に到達するまでの遊泳距離を測定した(図9A)。プローブテスト以外の日は1日4回、プローブテストの日は3回のトライアルを行った。プールの外に配置された空間手がかりを指標に、マウスはプラットフォームの位置を学習する。それによりトライアルを重ねることに、逃避台への到達距離が短くなる(図9A)。そのため、逃避台への到達距離を指標に空間学習能力を評価できる。学習の3、5、7、9日目の最初のトライアルにおいて(図9A;白抜き矢印)、逃避台をプールから除去しマウスを1分間遊泳させ、逃避台のあった4分割エリアを探索した時間を測定した(プローブテスト)。プローブテスト中、逃避台のあったエリアを探索した時間の割合から被検薬物が空間記憶の形成に与える影響を評価した。マウスが逃避台の位置をより強く記憶していると、逃避台のあったエリアをより長い時間探索するようになる。
(1)使用動物
雄性ICRマウス/雄性C57BL/6Jマウス
(2)被検薬物
ジスルフィラム(DSF):田辺製薬株式会社製
スクロース:富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社
(3)投与薬物の調整方法
DSF餌は、MF餌1gあたり0.8 mgのDSFおよび50 mgのスクロースを添加し、コントロール餌は50 mgのスクロースのみを添加(DSFを含まない)して固形餌を作製した。
DSF(200 mg/day)含有餌を3ヶ月自由摂取したICRマウスの情動過多反応性および過活動性を評価した。情動過多反応性は、Kellyらの方法(Kelly, J.P. et al., Pharmacol. Ther. Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 299-316, 1997)に準じて、A.鼻先に差し出した障害物に対する反応、B.空気を吹きかけた時の反応、C.取扱いに対する抵抗性について、それぞれの情動反応性を下記に従いスコアー化した。
0:無反応
1:対象への関心・わずかに身体が動くだけ・易取扱
2:対象への防御的または逃避的行動・驚愕反応・緊張有あるが易取り扱い
3:噛みつくなどの攻撃行動、著明な驚愕反応・緊張を伴なった取り扱い困難
4:激しい攻撃行動、跳躍行動を伴なった驚愕反応、極めて困難な取り扱い
過活動性は、飼育ケージ4分の1エリアをまたぐ毎に1カウントとし、30秒間測定した。統計処理はStudentのt検定を行い、p < 0.05を有意差ありとした。
DSF(200 mg/day)含有餌を3ヶ月自由摂取したC57BL/6Jマウスに社会的敗北ストレス(Social defeat stress:SDS)を10日間負荷させることでうつ病モデル(SDSモデル)を作製した(Golden S.A. et al., Nat Protoc. Vol. 6, No. 8 pp. 1183-1191, 2011)。SDSは、攻撃性の高い雄ICRマウスを長期飼育したホームケージの中に、C57BL/6Jマウスを単独侵入させ、ICRからの身体的攻撃を暴露させることで作製した。試験では、このストレス負荷を1日10分間、連続10日間行った。抑うつ様症状は、社会的相互作用(social interaction (SI))試験により評価した(Golden S.A. et al., 2011(上掲))。SI 試験は、オープンフィールド(45 cm X 45 cm X 30 cm)装置の片側にメッシュケージ(8 cm X 6 cm X 30 cm)を置いた装置を用い、測定時間中(2.5 分間)に、C57BL/6Jマウスが、メッシュケージ内のICR(Target)に対する接近・接触する時間(SI 時間)を、ICR 非存在下(Non-target)と比較することで実施した。
Claims (5)
- 下記(1)~(4)のいずれかを有効成分として含有する、精神・神経系の疾患又は症状を治療し、予防し又は改善する剤であって、精神・神経系の疾患又は症状が、分離不安症、選択性緘黙、限局性恐怖症、社交不安症(社交恐怖)、パニック障害、パニック発作特定用語、広場恐怖症、全般性不安障害、及び物質・医薬品誘発性不安障害から選択される不安障害又は不安症状、うつ病又はうつ症状、並びに認知症又は認知症に伴う行動・心理症状から選択される疾患又は症状である、剤。
(1) ジスルフィラム
(2) ジエチルジチオカルバメートの鉄(III)錯体又は銅錯体
(3) (1)又は(2)の薬剤的に許容される塩
(4) (1)、(2)又は(3)の溶媒和物 - 精神・神経系の疾患又は症状が、分離不安症、選択性緘黙、限局性恐怖症、社交不安症(社交恐怖)、パニック障害、パニック発作特定用語、広場恐怖症、全般性不安障害、及び物質・医薬品誘発性不安障害から選択される不安障害又は不安症状である、請求項1記載の剤。
- 精神・神経系の疾患又は症状が、うつ病又はうつ症状である、請求項1記載の剤。
- 精神・神経系の疾患又は症状が、認知症又は認知症に伴う行動・心理症状である、請求項1記載の剤。
- うつ病又はうつ症状が、物質関連障害および嗜癖性障害に見られるうつ症状以外のうつ病又はうつ症状である、請求項1又は3記載の剤。
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