JP7609355B1 - Repair method for rubble-stone structure and rubble-stone structure - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a repair method for a rubble-type structure, which can fill a loophole formed by an armoring stone escaping from an armoring stone layer with armoring material of a sufficient size and firmly engage the armoring material with the existing armoring stones that form the inner surface of the loophole, and to provide a rubble-type structure constructed using the repair method.
[Solution] A fabric formwork 6 capable of expanding into a three-dimensional shape is laid in a sheet state inside a loophole 5 in an encasing stone layer 3 that covers a base portion 2, and then fluid underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6 to expand the fabric formwork 6. The fabric formwork 6 expanded by the underwater concrete 7 is used as a covering material to fill the loophole 5 and is allowed to penetrate between the existing encasing stones 3a that form the inner surface of the loophole 5.
[Selected figure] Figure 7

Description

The present invention relates to a repair method for a rubble-type structure and a rubble-type structure.

Examples of rubble-rock structures include breakwaters and revetments. Rubble-rock structures are generally constructed by piling up rubble rock to build a base, and covering the slope of the base with an armoring stone layer, as shown in Patent Document 1. In this way, in rubble-rock structures, the armoring stone layer prevents the rubble rock from being sucked out of the base, and the stable structure protects against waves crashing in from the open ocean.

In the armouring stone layer of the rubble-pile structure described above, armouring stones can sometimes fly off near the water surface. This is thought to be because the packing stones placed between the armouring stones fly off due to waves, making it impossible to ensure the stability of the armouring stones. If the armouring stones in the armouring stone layer are left to fly off like this, the rubble stones in the foundation will be sucked out, affecting the structure of the rubble-pile structure. For this reason, if armouring stones fly off from the armouring stone layer, repairs are carried out, and the general repair method is to use a ship from the sea to fill the repaired areas (within the holes in the armouring stones) with armouring material.

JP 2021-139165 A

However, if the method of repairing loopholes in armoring stones involves filling the gaps with armoring material, it is not possible to insert armoring material that is larger than the opening of the loophole, and it is necessary to use armoring material that is relatively small enough to fit inside the loophole. For this reason, armoring material of this size cannot be fitted to the existing armoring stones that form the inside of the loophole. Furthermore, after an armoring stone has fallen out, it is difficult to fit the armoring material to the existing armoring stones that form the inside of the loophole, and it is virtually impossible to fit the armoring material to the existing rubble stones by filling the gaps. For this reason, in rubble-type structures that have been repaired in this way, the armoring stone layer cannot be firmly integrated, and when waves come, the filled armoring material will be sucked out and come out, making repairs necessary again.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its first objective is to provide a method for repairing a rubble-type structure that can fill a loophole formed by the escape of armoring stones from the armoring stone layer with armoring material of sufficient size and firmly engage the armoring material with the existing armoring stones that form the inner surface of the loophole. The second objective is to provide a rubble-type structure constructed using the above repair method.

To achieve the first objective, the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (7).

(1) A method for repairing a rubble-type structure in which a rubble-type foundation is covered with an armoring stone layer and a loophole is formed in the armoring stone layer due to the armoring stone coming out of the armoring stone layer, comprising the steps of:
A flexible sheet formwork capable of expanding into a three-dimensional form is laid in the loophole in a non-three-dimensional state;
Next, a hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet mold to inflate the flexible sheet mold with the hardening material;
The flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material is filled into the loophole as a covering material, and is inserted between the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the loophole.

According to this configuration, the flexible sheet formwork is laid in a loophole in a non-three-dimensional state, and the flexible sheet formwork is inflated by injecting a fluidized hardening material into the flexible sheet formwork, so that the flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material can be inserted into the loophole as a form that is sufficiently large to exceed the opening of the loophole. Furthermore, by utilizing the fluidity (deformability) of the hardening material in the flexible sheet formwork, the flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material can be inserted into the gap (gap) between the existing covering stones while blending with the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the loophole, and after the hardening material hardens, the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardening material can be firmly engaged with the existing covering stones as a covering material. Therefore, a method for repairing a rubble-type structure can be provided in which a covering material of sufficient size can be filled into the loophole formed by the covering stones coming out of the covering stone layer, and the covering material can be firmly engaged with the existing covering stones. Of course, in this case, the covering material, which is a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material, can be filled into the hole in a sufficient amount, so the weight of the covering material can ensure stability.

(2) Under the configuration of (1),
As the fluidized hardened material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, an external force is applied to the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork, thereby pushing the flexible sheet formwork and the hardened material within the flexible sheet formwork between the existing covering stones.

According to this configuration, as the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the flexible sheet formwork expands, and by applying an external force to the expansion of the flexible sheet formwork, the flexible sheet formwork and the hardening material within the flexible sheet formwork can be actively and accurately guided between the existing covering stones. This allows the covering material, which is a flexible sheet formwork containing the hardening material, to be more firmly interlocked with the existing covering stones.

(3) In the configuration of (1),
As the flexible sheet formwork, a form having a lower surface portion made of a breathable material and laid so as to cover the inner bottom surface of the hole, an upper surface portion located above the lower surface portion, and side portions which connect the peripheral portions of the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion to form an internal space and which contract so that the upper surface portion overlaps the lower surface portion when the hardening material is not yet injected into the internal space,
When laying a flexible sheet formwork in the loophole, at least the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork is arranged so as to cover the entire bottom surface of the loophole;
Next, as the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork is moved away from the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork while the side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is expanded, and the expanded side surface of the flexible sheet formwork is used to conform to the inner surface of the loophole.

According to this configuration, when laying the flexible sheet formwork inside the loophole, the flexible sheet formwork is shrunk so that its upper surface overlaps its lower surface (non-three-dimensional state) so that its lower surface covers at least the entire bottom surface of the loophole, and as a flowable hardening material is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the lower surface is pressed against the bottom surface of the loophole and becomes familiar with it, while the upper surface moves in a direction away from the lower surface, and as it moves, the side surface rises. As the side surface rises, the side surface bulges outward, and the side surface is pressed against the inner periphery of the loophole and becomes familiar with it. Therefore, after the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork hardens, the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardened material not only makes it easy and smooth to ensure the necessary size and weight of the covering material to be contained in the loophole, but also allows the flexible sheet formwork containing the hardened material to be engaged with the existing covering stones in the covering stone layer.

(4) In the configuration of (1),
A plurality of the flexible sheet forms are prepared, and for each of the flexible sheet forms, a step of laying the flexible sheet form in the loop hole and a step of injecting the hardening material in the fluid state are sequentially carried out to form a plurality of flexible sheet forms inflated with the hardening material in the loop hole;
Adjacent flexible sheet formworks inflated with the hardening material are connected to each other by inserting connecting bars into the hardened material in both flexible sheet formworks, taking advantage of the fact that the hardened material in both flexible sheet formworks is still unhardened.

With this configuration, multiple flexible sheet forms inflated with a hardening material can be housed in an integrated state as a covering material within the loophole, allowing for appropriate repair of loopholes of various sizes.

(5) In the configuration of (1),
Estimating the weight of the armor stone that has come out of the loophole;
The weight of the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork in the loophole is adjusted so that the weight is equal to or greater than the weight of the encasing stone that has escaped from the loophole.

With this configuration, a flexible sheet formwork that contains the hardening material is used as the covering material, so by adjusting the amount of fluidized hardening material injected into the flexible sheet formwork, the specific gravity of the hardening material, etc., the weight of the covering material can be easily made greater than the weight of the covering stone that has escaped from the loophole (required weight), improving the stability of the covering stone layer.

(6) In the configuration of (5),
The weight of the hardening material in the flexible sheet form is determined by adjusting the specific gravity of the hardening material under a constant volume required for the inside of the loop hole.

With this configuration, even if the covering material (flexible sheet formwork that contains the hardening material) filled in the loophole is in a state where the required volume is constant within the loophole, the weight of the covering material can be increased, and the installation stability of the covering material can be easily improved.

(7) In any one of the configurations (1) to (6),
When the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork exposed from the loophole is unhardened, the stone attached with the anchor in an extended state is fixed to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork so as to cover the upper surface by inserting the anchor into the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork.

With this configuration, once the hardening material inside the flexible sheet formwork exposed through the loophole hardens, the stone material will be fixed to the top surface of the flexible sheet formwork, covering it, and the stone material on the top surface of the flexible sheet formwork will blend in with the surrounding environment.

To achieve the second objective, the present invention has the following configuration (8).

(8) In a rubble-type structure in which a covering stone layer is provided on a foundation constructed of rubble so as to cover the foundation,
A flexible sheet formwork is provided on a portion of the covering stone layer and expanded by containing a hardening material;
The flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material is inserted between the existing covering stones around the flexible sheet formwork, and the flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material and the existing covering stones are engaged with each other.
The stone, with the anchors attached in an extended state to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork, is fixed by inserting the anchors through the flexible sheet formwork into the hardened material within the flexible sheet formwork.

This configuration makes it possible to provide a rubble-type structure that has been repaired by the above-mentioned method (1) or (7). Furthermore, when constructing a rubble-type structure, if a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material in part of the covering stone layer is used from the beginning, a rubble-type structure with an increased strength covering stone layer can be quickly constructed.

According to the present invention, a method for repairing a rubble-type structure can be provided in which a sufficient amount of covering material is filled into a loophole formed by the escape of the covering stone from the covering stone layer, and the covering material can be firmly engaged with the existing covering stone that forms the inner surface of the loophole. In addition, a rubble-type structure constructed using the above repair method can be provided, and when a flexible sheet formwork containing a hardening material is used in part of the covering stone layer from the beginning when constructing the rubble-type structure, a rubble-type structure with an increased strength covering stone layer can be quickly constructed.

An explanatory diagram explaining a breakwater as a rubble rock structure. FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory diagram showing an example of a hole in the armour stone formed in the armour stone layer in the breakwater of FIG. 1 . FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing the breakwater repair process according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the fabric form according to the first embodiment in a non-three-dimensional state (sheet-like state). FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating how the fabric form according to the first embodiment becomes three-dimensional. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the process of installing a fabric formwork according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the underwater concrete injection process according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the installation process of the anchored stone according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which construction according to the first embodiment has been completed. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a second embodiment.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, a rubble-stone structure will be described. Rubble-stone structures include breakwaters, revetments, etc., and as an example, in this embodiment, a breakwater 1 as shown in Fig. 1 is shown. The breakwater 1 extends so as to separate the outside and inside of the port for the purpose of keeping the inside of the port calm from waves, and the breakwater 1 is provided with a base portion 2 (foundation mound) that extends with a trapezoidal cross section (transverse cross section), covering stone layers 3 provided on both sides of the base portion 2 in the width direction (left and right direction in Fig. 1), and a top concrete layer 4.

The foundation 2 is constructed by piling up a large number of rubble stones to stabilize the breakwater 1, and as is well known, the sides of the foundation 2 facing the outside and inside of the harbor are formed as slopes 2a. For this foundation 2, ordinary rubble stones (approximately 40 to 70 cm in diameter) are used as rubble stones, and the rubble stones are exposed on each slope 2a of the foundation 2. The covering stone layer 3 covers the slope 2a of the foundation 2 to protect it from waves. In this embodiment, the covering stone layer 3 extends from near the top of the foundation 2 along the slope 2a and into the water, and the range setting is considered so that the water level of the water surface W will be in contact with the covering stone layer 3 with a margin even if the water level of the water surface W changes. This covering stone layer 3 is piled up to a constant thickness while interlocking a large number of covering stones 3a, which cover the slope 2a of the foundation 2. The covering stones 3a are generally larger and heavier than the rubble stones (1-2 tonnes per piece, 90-120 cm in diameter), and filler stones are placed between the covering stones 3a as necessary. The top concrete layer 4 covers the top surface 2b of the base 2. This top concrete layer 4 is interposed between the covering stone layers 3 on both sides of the base 2 in the width direction on the top surface 2b of the base 2, and is connected to both covering stone layers 3, and the top surface 4a of the top concrete layer 4 forms a flush flat surface with the top surfaces of both covering stone layers 3.

In such a breakwater 1, the encasing stones 3a of the encasing stone layer 3 may fly off, especially near the water surface W, forming loopholes 5 in the encasing stone layer 3, as shown in Figure 2. This is thought to be because the filler stones installed between the encasing stones 3a fly off due to waves, making it impossible to ensure the stability of the encasing stones 3a. If such loopholes 5 are left as they are, they will expand and grow further, sucking out the rubble in the foundation 2, which will affect the structure of the rubble-type structure. For this reason, in order to prevent such a phenomenon, it is necessary to repair the loopholes 5 in the encasing stone layer 3 as soon as they are created.

The repair method according to this embodiment (first embodiment) is designed to prevent the above phenomenon and to minimize the need for re-repair after repair. To achieve this, the repair method according to this embodiment involves the steps of preparation, laying the fabric formwork, pouring the underwater concrete, and attaching the stone, in that order, as shown in FIG. 3.

In the preparation process, the state of the loophole 5 is checked, and a fabric formwork 6 as a flexible sheet formwork corresponding to the loophole 5 and underwater concrete 7 as a hardening material are prepared. The fabric formwork 6 is filled with underwater concrete 7, which is then housed in the loophole 5 as a covering material for repair, and the fabric formwork 6 and the underwater concrete 7 must be used in a state that matches the state of the loophole 5. For this reason, the state of the loophole 5 is checked first, and various information is collected and measured, including the diameter and area of the inner bottom surface 5a (formed by the existing covering stone 3a) of the loophole 5, the depth of the loophole 5, the inner periphery surface 5b (the surface of the inner surface that rises from the inner bottom surface 5a and is formed by the existing covering stone 3a) of the loophole 5, the inner diameter of the opening, the internal shape, etc. Then, from the information, the internal volume of the loophole 5, the required weight of the covering material (underwater concrete 7) and its required volume (required injection amount) are calculated. Specifically, the internal volume of the loophole 5 is calculated (approximate value) using the state (measurement value) of the loophole 5, and the required weight of the underwater concrete 7 (covering material) is calculated from the internal volume and the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a (e.g., 2.65 g/ ^cm3 ).The injection amount (volume) of the underwater concrete 7 is then calculated from the required weight of the underwater concrete 7 and the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 (e.g., 2.5 t/ ^m3 ).

The fabric formwork 6 to be prepared basically has an internal space into which the underwater concrete 7 is poured, and has the function of expanding as the fluidized underwater concrete 7 is poured into the internal space. For this reason, in this embodiment, the fabric formwork 6 is made of a fabric material that is breathable and water permeable, stretchable, and has a certain strength, and high-strength synthetic fiber (e.g., polyester) is used to form the fabric material. In this embodiment, polyester fiber is used as the high-strength synthetic fiber, and the fabric material has a tensile strength of 350 (kgf/3 cm), elongation of 16 (%), and tear strength of 80 (kgf).

The fabric formwork 6 will be described in more detail. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the fabric formwork 6 is made of the fabric material and is composed of a lower surface 6a, an upper surface 6b located above the lower surface 6a, and a side surface 6c connecting the peripheral portions of the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a, which can form an internal space 6d (see Fig. 5). Underwater concrete 7 can be poured into this internal space 6d through a fabric injection port (formed by joining the fabric material) 8 connected to the upper surface 6b by sewing. For this reason, when the underwater concrete 7 is not poured into the fabric formwork 6, the upper surface 6b shrinks so as to overlap the lower surface 6a, and the side surface 6c is folded (half folded) at approximately the center in the vertical direction and can protrude outside the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a, and the fabric formwork 6 can be in a non-three-dimensional sheet-like state (see Fig. 4). On the other hand, when the underwater concrete 7 in a fluid state is poured into the fabric formwork 6, the upper surface 6b separates from the lower surface 6a and the side surface 6c expands, so that the fabric formwork 6 becomes three-dimensional. In this embodiment, the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a of the fabric formwork 6 are formed in a rectangular shape, and the corresponding sides of the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a are connected via the side surface 6c. When the fabric formwork 6 becomes three-dimensional, it basically stretches upward and tries to become a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and at this time, the side surface 6c expands outward due to the influence of the pouring of the underwater concrete 7. The arrows in FIG. 5 indicate that when the fabric formwork 6 becomes three-dimensional, it is mainly the side surface 6c that expands outward.

When selecting the fabric formwork 6 to be prepared, the state of the loophole 5 is taken into consideration, as mentioned above. Specifically, the storage capacity must satisfy the requirements for the necessary injection amount of underwater concrete 7, the bottom surface 6a must be large enough to cover the entire inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5, and when the underwater concrete 7 is injected into the fabric formwork 6 and the fabric formwork 6 is inflated, the side surface 6c must be in a position to press against the inner peripheral surface 5b of the loophole 5, etc.

The underwater concrete 7 to be prepared contains known materials such as cement, water, sand (fine aggregate), gravel (coarse aggregate), and admixtures, and has a specific gravity (e.g., 2.5 t/m ³ ) close to the specific gravity of the armoring stone 3a (e.g., 2.65 g/cm ³ ). Even if a fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 is used, it will have almost the same volume and weight as the armoring stone 3a that has been pulled out, and it can be visually understood that the required weight is met from the viewpoint of the stability of the breakwater 1 (simplification of work). This is effective when the size of the loophole 5 is large and multiple fabric formworks 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 must be placed in the loophole 5 as the armoring material. As long as the loophole 5 is filled with a fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 whose weight is known in advance (standard product), the weight required for the loophole 5 will be secured, even if the loophole 5 is large.

However, it is thought that in the future, due to climate change and the like, strength and stability that exceed the previously assumed standards will be required. In that case, it is possible to use aggregate for the underwater concrete 7 that has a higher specific gravity than the current standard, thereby making the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 higher than before (exceeding the specific gravity of the covering stone 3a (e.g., 2.65 g/ ^cm3 )). This makes it possible to increase the weight beyond the previous weight (required weight) simply by keeping the required volume to be accommodated in the loophole 5 the same, thereby improving the strength and stability.

After the preparation process is completed, the laying process of the fabric formwork 6 is carried out as shown in Figures 3 and 6. This is to enable the covering material (fabric formwork 6 containing underwater concrete 7) larger than the opening of the loophole 5 to be filled into the loophole 5 in the subsequent process, regardless of the size of the opening of the loophole 5, and to enable the covering material to be accurately fitted to the existing covering stone 3a that forms the inner surface of the loophole 5. For this reason, the fabric formwork 6 in a sheet state is laid so that its lower surface 6a covers the inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5. At this time, it is preferable to raise the half-folded side surface 6c protruding from the upper surface 6b and the lower surface 6a along the inner peripheral surface 5b of the loophole 5. This is to allow the fabric formwork 6 to smoothly expand and expand as the underwater concrete is poured in the subsequent process of pouring the underwater concrete 7. In addition, at this time, the half-folded side portion 6c may be held in place along the encasing stone 3a of the inner periphery 5b of the loophole, but it is more preferable to temporarily fix it with adhesive or the like. This is to prevent the half-folded side portion 6c from collapsing and separating from the inner periphery 5b of the loophole 5.

When the process of laying the fabric formwork 6 is completed, the process of pouring the underwater concrete 7 is carried out as shown in Figures 3 and 7. By pouring the underwater concrete 7 into the fabric formwork 6, the fabric formwork 6 is expanded three-dimensionally, and the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 is filled into the loophole 5 as a covering material. At the same time, the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 is advanced into the gaps 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner surface of the loophole 5 by utilizing the fluidity of the underwater concrete 7 inside, so that the fabric formwork 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 and the existing covering stones 3a on the inner surface of the loophole 5 are accurately fitted together.

To be more specific, in the process of pouring underwater concrete 7, as shown in Figure 7, a supply hose 9 extending from a concrete pump truck (not shown) is connected to a fabric injection port 8, and underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6 via the supply hose 9 and the injection port 8. This causes the fabric formwork 6 to begin to expand, and its lower surface 6a is pressed against the inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5 and fits along the inner bottom surface 5a of the loophole 5, while its upper surface 6b moves in a direction away from the lower surface 6a. As the concrete moves, the outer portion of the side portion 6c (the folded portion on one side that is in contact with the inner surface 5b of the loophole 5 due to the rise during installation) is pressed against the inner surface 5b of the loophole 5, while the inner portion of the side portion 6c (the folded portion on the other side) rises without any hindrance, and as more underwater concrete 7 is poured, the side portion 6c is also pressed outward against the inner surface 5b of the loophole 5 (see Figures 6 and 7).

As a result, the side portion 6c enters the gap 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a that form the inner periphery 5b of the loophole 5. The arrows in the fabric formwork 6 in FIG. 7 indicate that the fabric formwork 6 expands due to the poured underwater concrete 7, and the side portion 6c enters the gap 3aa between the existing covering stones 3a. At this time, by applying an external force to the underwater concrete 7 through the fabric formwork 6 using a push rod or the like, using the fluidity of the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6, the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6 can be actively and accurately guided between the existing covering stones 3a. The arrows outside the fabric formwork 6 in FIG. 7 indicate the external force exerted by the push rod or the like on the fabric formwork 6 at that time. When a predetermined amount of underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6, the pouring is stopped and the supply hose 9 of the concrete pump truck is pulled out from the pouring port 8. The pouring port 8 is then closed by tying it with a string, and the pouring port 8 is pushed into the fabric formwork 6.

After the underwater concrete injection process is completed, the process of attaching the anchored stone 10 is carried out as shown in Figures 3 and 8. The purpose is to cover the top surface of the fabric formwork 6 with the stone 10a to blend in with the surrounding environment (the environment in which the covering stone 3a is laid). For this purpose, multiple anchored stones 10 are prepared. Each anchored stone 10 has one end of the anchor 10b attached to the stone 10a, and the other end extends away from the stone 10a. Natural stones, imitation stones, etc. can be used as appropriate for the stone 10a, and from the viewpoint of blending in better with the surrounding environment, it is preferable to use natural stones. Regarding the size and weight of the natural stones, etc., it is preferable that the workers can carry them (20 kg to 30 kg) because the workers will be installing them. In addition, since the anchor 10b is buried inside the underwater concrete 7, it is preferable that it can be protected from corrosion. In this embodiment, epoxy resin reinforcing bars coated with epoxy resin are used. Furthermore, when selecting this anchor 10b, an anchor 10b is selected that can sufficiently resist the wave force acting from the side on the stone 10a with the shear stress of the anchor 10b (cross-sectional area of the anchor 10b), and that can sufficiently resist the uplift force on the underside of the stone 10a with the adhesive force of the anchor 10b (perimeter length of the anchor 10b x extension length of the anchor 10b).

When installing the anchored stones 10, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, while the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6 exposed from inside the loopholes 5 is still unhardened, the anchors 10b of each anchored stone 10 are inserted through the fabric formwork 6 into the underwater concrete 7, and each stone 10a is fixed to the top surface of the fabric formwork 6 so as to cover it. This allows the stone to blend in better with the surrounding environment (covering stone layer 3) than if the top surface of the fabric formwork 6 was left exposed. After this, the underwater concrete 7 in the fabric formwork 6 is left to harden, and construction is completed.

Figure 10 shows the second embodiment. In this second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals and their description is omitted.

In the second embodiment shown in Figure 10, multiple fabric formwork 6 are prepared, and for each fabric formwork 6, the process of laying the fabric formwork 6 in the loophole 5 and the process of injecting fluidized underwater concrete 7 are carried out in sequence, so that multiple fabric formwork 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 are placed in the loophole 5. Each fabric formwork 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 is a standardized product with a fixed weight and volume (standardized for the storage capacity of the fabric formwork 6 and the injection amount of underwater concrete), and these are lined up horizontally and overlapped vertically to fill the loophole 5. Figure 10 shows the state in which the fabric formwork 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 is being installed in the loophole 5. In this case, adjacent fabric forms 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 are connected to each other by inserting connecting bars 11 into the underwater concrete 7 in both fabric forms 6, taking advantage of the fact that the underwater concrete 7 in both fabric forms 6 is unhardened.

Specifically, one end of the connecting bar 11 is inserted into the fabric formwork 6 after the underwater concrete 7 has been poured into it, and the other end is allowed to protrude from the fabric formwork 6. The other end of the connecting bar 11 is then inserted into the adjacent fabric formwork 6 in the vertical or horizontal direction before the underwater concrete 7 is poured, and the underwater concrete 7 is poured into the fabric formwork 6. In particular, for fabric formworks 6 that are adjacent in the horizontal direction, when the height of the underwater concrete 7 poured into the fabric formwork 6 reaches the height of the connecting bar 11, the other end of the connecting bar 11 may be inserted into the adjacent fabric formwork 6. For the connecting bar 11, the aforementioned epoxy resin reinforcing bar is used in this embodiment as well.

This allows multiple fabric forms 6 inflated with underwater concrete 7 to be housed in the loophole 5 in an integrated state as covering material, making it possible to respond appropriately to loopholes 5 of various sizes. Of course, in this case, when the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 and the specific gravity of the covering stones 3a are approximately the same, the required weight for repair can be met simply by arranging multiple fabric forms 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 so that they fill the loophole 5, and if the specific gravity of the underwater concrete 7 is made greater than the specific gravity of the covering stones 3a, the multiple fabric forms 6 containing the underwater concrete 7 can be used to ensure a weight greater than the required weight for repair, thereby increasing the strength and stability of the repaired breakwater.

Although the embodiment has been described above, the present invention includes the following aspects.
(1) As the hardening material, in addition to the above-mentioned underwater concrete 7, mortar or the like that hardens after passing through a fluid state (unhardened state) may be used.
(2) As long as the flexible sheet formwork expands when the underwater concrete 7 is poured and can be deformed by external forces, the material of the flexible sheet formwork may be a material other than cloth.
(3) During construction (especially when pouring underwater concrete 7 into the fabric formwork 6), a pollution prevention film should be installed around the construction area to prevent the diffusion of polluting components even if they leak out during construction.
(4) When forming the covering stone layer 3 on the slope 2a of the foundation 2, a fabric formwork 6 (flexible sheet formwork) containing underwater concrete 7 is placed on the slope 2a in place of some of the covering stones 3a, and scattered on the covering stone layer 3. In this case, it is preferable to cover the upper surface of the fabric formwork 6 with anchored stones 10. This can speed up the work of forming the covering stone layer 3 and make the covering stone layer 3 stronger.

The present invention can be used to fill a sufficient amount of covering material into the loophole 5 formed by the covering stone 3a escaping from the covering stone layer 3, and then firmly engage the covering material with the existing covering stone 3a that forms the inner surface of the loophole 5.

1 Breakwater 2 Foundation 3 Armouring stone layer 3a Armouring stone 3aa Gap 5 Loophole 6 Fabric formwork (flexible sheet formwork)
6a Lower surface portion 6b Upper surface portion 6c Side portion 6d Internal space 7 Underwater concrete (hardening material)
10 Anchored stone 11 Connecting bar

Claims (8)

A method for repairing a rubble-type structure in which a rubble-type foundation is covered with a rubble-type foundation foundation and a rubble-type foundation foundation is covered with a rubble-type foundation foundation. The rubble-type foundation foundation foundation is covered with a rubble-type foundation foundation.
A flexible sheet formwork capable of expanding into a three-dimensional form is laid in the loophole in a non-three-dimensional state;
Next, a hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet mold to inflate the flexible sheet mold with the hardening material;
The flexible sheet formwork inflated with the hardening material is filled into the loophole as a covering material, and is inserted between the existing covering stones that form the inner surface of the loophole.
A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of: In claim 1,
As the hardened material in the fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet formwork, an external force is applied to the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork to push the flexible sheet formwork and the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork between the existing covering stones.
A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of: In claim 1,
As the flexible sheet formwork, a form having a lower surface portion made of a breathable material and laid so as to cover the inner bottom surface of the hole, an upper surface portion located above the lower surface portion, and side portions which connect the peripheral portions of the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion to form an internal space and which contract so that the upper surface portion overlaps the lower surface portion when the hardening material is not yet injected into the internal space,
When laying a flexible sheet formwork in the loophole, at least the lower surface of the flexible sheet formwork is arranged so as to cover the entire bottom surface of the loophole;
Next, as the hardening material in a fluid state is injected into the flexible sheet form, the upper surface of the flexible sheet form is moved away from the lower surface of the flexible sheet form while the side surface of the flexible sheet form is expanded, and the expanded side surface of the flexible sheet form is used to conform to the inner surface of the loophole.
A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of: In claim 1,
A plurality of the flexible sheet forms are prepared, and for each of the flexible sheet forms, a step of laying the flexible sheet form in the loop hole and a step of injecting the hardening material in the fluid state are sequentially carried out to form a plurality of flexible sheet forms inflated with the hardening material in the loop hole;
Adjacent flexible sheet formworks inflated with the hardening material are connected to each other by inserting connecting bars into the hardening material in both flexible sheet formworks, taking advantage of the fact that the hardening material in both flexible sheet formworks is still unhardened.
A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of: In claim 1,
Estimating the weight of the armor stone that has come out of the loophole;
Adjust the weight of the hardened material in the flexible sheet form in the loophole so that the weight is equal to or greater than the weight of the covering stone that has escaped from the loophole;
A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of: In claim 5,
In determining the weight of the hardened material in the flexible sheet mold, the specific gravity of the hardened material is adjusted under a constant volume required for the inside of the hole.
A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of: In any one of claims 1 to 6,
When the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork exposed from the loophole is unhardened, the stone material attached with the anchor in a stretched state is fixed to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork so as to cover the upper surface by inserting the anchor into the hardened material through the flexible sheet formwork.
A method for repairing a rubble-rock structure comprising the steps of: In a rubble-type structure in which a covering stone layer is provided on a foundation constructed of rubble so as to cover the foundation,
A flexible sheet formwork is provided on a portion of the covering stone layer and expanded by containing a hardening material;
The flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material is inserted between the existing covering stones around the flexible sheet formwork, and the flexible sheet formwork expanded by storing the hardening material and the existing covering stones are engaged with each other.
A stone having an anchor attached in an extended state to the upper surface of the flexible sheet formwork is fixed by inserting the anchor through the flexible sheet formwork into the hardened material in the flexible sheet formwork.
A rubble-type structure characterized by:

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