JP7608013B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7608013B2 JP7608013B2 JP2023558237A JP2023558237A JP7608013B2 JP 7608013 B2 JP7608013 B2 JP 7608013B2 JP 2023558237 A JP2023558237 A JP 2023558237A JP 2023558237 A JP2023558237 A JP 2023558237A JP 7608013 B2 JP7608013 B2 JP 7608013B2
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- positive electrode
- metal oxide
- transition metal
- lithium
- active material
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 64
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 61
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 Lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 27
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の正極活物質は、リチウム以外の遷移金属の全モル数に対してニッケルを60モル%以上含有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に位置し、金属酸化物を含むコーティング層とを含み、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、平均粒径(D50)が0.7~3μmである一次粒子を含む単粒子であり、前記金属酸化物は、平均粒径(D50)が0.5μm以下である一次粒子であり、Ni、Co、Mn、Al、B、Ti、Ta、WおよびNbからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含むことを特徴とする。
Li1+aNixCoyMnzM1 wO2
M1は、Al、Mg、V、TiおよびZrからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つであり、
0≦a≦0.5、0.6≦x<1、0<y≦0.4、0<z≦0.4、0<w≦0.04、x+y+z+w=1である。
本発明の正極活物質の製造方法は、(S1)遷移金属の全モル数に対してニッケルを60モル%以上含有する遷移金属水酸化物を準備するステップと、(S2)前記遷移金属水酸化物とリチウム原料物質を混合し、800~890℃の温度で焼成して、単粒子のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を製造するステップと、(S3)前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物を前記焼成温度より30~50℃高い温度で熱処理するステップと、(S4)前記熱処理されたリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、Ni、Co、Mn、Al、B、Ti、Ta、WおよびNbからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含むコーティング原料物質を混合し、熱処理するステップとを含む。
また、本発明は、上述の方法により製造された正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造することができる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的には、電池、キャパシタなどであることができ、より具体的には、リチウム二次電池であることができる。
以下、実施例を参照して、本発明をより詳細に説明する。しかしながら、下記の実施例は、本発明を例示するためのものであって、これらのみに本発明の範囲が限定されない。
正極活物質前駆体Ni0.85Co0.05Mn0.10(OH)2にリチウムソースLiOHを入れて混合し、熱処理のために混合した粉末をアルミナるつぼに投入した。次に、825℃、酸素雰囲気下で20時間焼成してリチウム遷移金属酸化物を製造した。
855℃の酸素雰囲気下で熱処理するステップおよびCo3O4と混合して650℃の酸素雰囲気下で熱処理するステップを行っていない以外は、実施例1と同様に正極活物質を製造した。
855℃の酸素雰囲気下で熱処理するステップを行っていない以外は、実施例1と同様に正極活物質を製造した。
実施例1、比較例1および2の正極活物質の表面を確認し、これを図1~図3に示した。
前記実施例1、比較例1および2で製造した正極活物質粒子を対象として、リチウム遷移金属酸化物(単粒子)をなす一次粒子の平均粒径、コーティング層に含まれた金属酸化物である一次粒子の平均粒径を測定した。平均粒径の測定にはSEM写真を用いた。
前記実施例1、比較例1および2の正極活物質を用いて、リチウム二次電池を製造し、それぞれに対して、抵抗特性を評価した。
上記で製造したリチウム二次電池それぞれに対して、常温で0.2Cの定電流で、4.25Vまで0.05Cカットオフ(cut off)で充電した。次に、0.2Cの定電流で、2.5Vになるまで放電した。前記充電および放電挙動を1サイクルとし、2回目からは0.5Cの定電流で4.25Vまで0.05Cカットオフ(cut off)で充電および0.5Cの定電流で2.5Vまで放電することを1サイクルとした。
Claims (11)
- リチウム以外の遷移金属の全モル数に対してニッケルを60モル%以上含有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に位置し、金属酸化物を含むコーティング層とを含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、平均粒径(D50)が0.7~3μmである一次粒子を含む単粒子であり、
前記金属酸化物は、平均粒径(D50)が0.5μm以下である一次粒子であり、Ni、Co、Mn、Al、B、Ti、Ta、WおよびNbからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含む、正極活物質。 - 前記コーティング層の厚さは、0.02~2.4μmである、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物およびコーティング層の体積比は、50:50~95:5である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、平均粒径(D50)が1~10μmである単粒子である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記単粒子1個は、2~30個の一次粒子からなる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表される、請求項1に記載の正極活物質:
[化学式1]
Li1+aNixCoyMnzM1 wO2
前記化学式1中、
M1は、Al、Mg、V、TiおよびZrからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つであり、
0≦a≦0.5、0.6≦x<1、0<y≦0.4、0<z≦0.4、0<w≦0.04、x+y+z+w=1である。 - (S1)遷移金属の全モル数に対してニッケルを60モル%以上含有する遷移金属水酸化物を準備するステップと、
(S2)前記遷移金属水酸化物とリチウム原料物質を混合し、800~890℃の温度で焼成して、単粒子のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を製造するステップと、
(S3)前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物を前記焼成温度より30~50℃高い温度で熱処理するステップと、
(S4)前記熱処理されたリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、Ni、Co、Mn、Al、B、Ti、Ta、WおよびNbからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含むコーティング原料物質を混合し、熱処理するステップとを含む、正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記ステップ(S4)において、熱処理は、600~700℃の温度で行われる、請求項7に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記焼成は、酸素または空気雰囲気下で行われる、請求項7に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む、リチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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WO2024237714A1 (ko) * | 2023-05-18 | 2024-11-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극재, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
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WO2024248544A1 (ko) * | 2023-06-02 | 2024-12-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질, 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20240173183A (ko) * | 2023-06-02 | 2024-12-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질, 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20250000699A (ko) * | 2023-06-27 | 2025-01-03 | (주)포스코퓨처엠 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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