JP7557292B2 - Fuel cell power generation system, control device, and control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell power generation system, control device, and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 141
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 biogas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
本発明は、燃料電池発電システム、制御装置、及び制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system, a control device, and a control method.
近年、世界規模で発生している異常気象の原因として地球温暖化が影響している。この要因として、従来の産業活動による大気中の二酸化炭素等の温室効果ガスの排出量が増加傾向にあることが懸念されている。このため、これら温室効果ガスの排出量を低減することが持続可能な社会を実現するための課題の一つとして考えられている。従来の石油・石炭等の化石エネルギーに替わり、太陽光や風力等の自然エネルギーを再生可能エネルギーとして利活用するための電力変換・送電・貯蔵を行う各種電力発電システムが有効な手段の一つとして注目されており研究開発が進められている。一方、自然由来のエネルギーは天候や季節による気象環境の影響を受け易く太陽光や風力による電力変換システムでは時間変動が発生しており、電力の需給バランスによっては余剰電力や電力不足が起きる場合があった。 In recent years, global warming has been a factor in the abnormal weather occurring on a global scale. One of the factors that has been of concern is the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere caused by traditional industrial activities. For this reason, reducing the emissions of these greenhouse gases is considered one of the challenges in realizing a sustainable society. As an alternative to traditional fossil fuels such as oil and coal, various power generation systems that convert, transmit, and store electricity to utilize natural energy such as solar and wind power as renewable energy have attracted attention as an effective means, and research and development is being conducted. However, natural energy is easily affected by the weather and seasonal meteorological environment, and power conversion systems using solar and wind power fluctuate over time, and depending on the balance of supply and demand for electricity, surplus electricity or electricity shortages may occur.
これに対して、電力需給バランスの安定化を図るための燃料電池発電システムでは、余剰電力を蓄電池に充電したり、余剰電力を利用した水電解装置と燃料電池とを組合せたりしている。ところが、電力需要が一時的に増大すると、蓄電池から供給可能な電力量が一時的に不足したり、燃料電池の発電に供給するための貯蔵水素ガスが不足したりする場合がある。一方で、余剰電力が発生して、水素を貯蔵する間は、燃料電池は停止しており、燃料電池発電システムの稼働率が低下してしまう恐れがあった。 In response to this, fuel cell power generation systems aimed at stabilizing the balance between power supply and demand charge surplus power into a storage battery or combine a water electrolysis device that uses the surplus power with a fuel cell. However, a temporary increase in power demand can cause a temporary shortage of the amount of power that can be supplied from the storage battery, or a shortage of stored hydrogen gas to supply to the fuel cell for power generation. On the other hand, when surplus power is generated and hydrogen is stored, the fuel cell is shut down, raising the risk of a drop in the operating rate of the fuel cell power generation system.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、燃料電池発電システムの稼働率の低下を抑制可能な燃料電池発電システム、制御装置、及び制御方法を提供することである。 The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a fuel cell power generation system, a control device, and a control method that can suppress a decrease in the operating rate of the fuel cell power generation system.
本実施形態に係る燃料電池発電システムは、燃料電池と、蓄電池と、水電解装置と、燃料ガス導入部と、制御装置と、を備える。燃料電池は、改質ガス、副生水素ガス及び水素ガスのうちの少なくとも一つを用いて発電可能である。水電解装置は、再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力、及び燃料電池の発電電力の少なくとも一方を用いて、水から水素ガス及び酸素ガスを生成し、水素ガスを燃料電池に供給可能である。燃料ガス導入部は、改質ガス、副生水素ガス及び水素ガスのうちの少なくとも改質ガスを燃料電池に供給可能である。制御装置は、燃料電池及び蓄電池の供給電力を制御するとともに、水素ガスの供給量に応じて燃料ガス導入部を制御する。 The fuel cell power generation system according to this embodiment includes a fuel cell, a storage battery, a water electrolysis device, a fuel gas introduction section, and a control device. The fuel cell is capable of generating electricity using at least one of reformed gas, by-product hydrogen gas, and hydrogen gas. The water electrolysis device is capable of generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water using at least one of power generated by renewable energy and power generated by the fuel cell, and supplying the hydrogen gas to the fuel cell. The fuel gas introduction section is capable of supplying at least the reformed gas of the reformed gas, by-product hydrogen gas, and hydrogen gas to the fuel cell. The control device controls the power supply to the fuel cell and the storage battery, and controls the fuel gas introduction section according to the amount of hydrogen gas supplied.
本発明によれば、燃料電池発電システムの稼働率の低下を抑制することができる。 The present invention makes it possible to suppress a decrease in the operating rate of a fuel cell power generation system.
以下、本発明の実施形態に係る燃料電池発電システム、制御装置、及び制御方法について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。なお、以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の実施形態の一例であって、本発明はこれらの実施形態に限定して解釈されるものではない。また、本実施形態で参照する図面において、同一部分又は同様な機能を有する部分には同一の符号又は類似の符号を付し、その繰り返しの説明は省略する場合がある。また、図面の寸法比率は説明の都合上実際の比率とは異なる場合や、構成の一部が図面から省略される場合がある。 The fuel cell power generation system, control device, and control method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is one example of the embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In addition, in the drawings referred to in this embodiment, the same parts or parts having similar functions are given the same or similar symbols, and repeated explanations may be omitted. Also, the dimensional ratios of the drawings may differ from the actual ratios for the convenience of explanation, and some components may be omitted from the drawings.
図１は、本実施形態に係る燃料電池発電システム１の構成を説明するブロック図である。図１に示すように、本実施形態に係る燃料電池発電システム１は、原料ガスを用いて発電可能なシステムであり、水電解装置１０と、水素タンク１２と、酸素タンク１４と、蓄電池１６と、燃料電池１８と、空気ブロアー２０と、貯湯ユニット２２と、燃料ガス導入部２４と、制御装置２８とを、備える。また、燃料ガス導入部２４は、改質ガス、副生水素ガス、及び水素ガスを燃料電池１８に供給可能であり、改質器２４ｂと、備蓄タンク２４ａと、センサ２４ｃ、２４ｄとを有する。原料ガスは、水素ガスを含まないが化学反応などにより水素ガスの生成が可能なガス、又は水素比率の低いガスである。水素比率とは、不純物を含み得る水素ガス中の水素（水素分子）の比率である。図１には、更に配管Ｐ２～Ｐ２２と、制御装置２８に制御される可動弁Ｖ２～Ｖ１２とが図示されている。燃料電池発電システム１には、再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力で再生可能電力が供給される。また、電力系統とも接続され、系統電力の供給を受けることも可能である。 Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a fuel cell power generation system 1 according to this embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, the fuel cell power generation system 1 according to this embodiment is a system capable of generating electricity using a raw material gas, and includes a water electrolysis device 10, a hydrogen tank 12, an oxygen tank 14, a storage battery 16, a fuel cell 18, an air blower 20, a hot water storage unit 22, a fuel gas introduction unit 24, and a control device 28. The fuel gas introduction unit 24 can supply reformed gas, by-product hydrogen gas, and hydrogen gas to the fuel cell 18, and includes a reformer 24b, a storage tank 24a, and sensors 24c and 24d. The raw material gas is a gas that does not contain hydrogen gas but can generate hydrogen gas by chemical reaction or the like, or a gas with a low hydrogen ratio. The hydrogen ratio is the ratio of hydrogen (hydrogen molecules) in hydrogen gas that may contain impurities. Figure 1 further illustrates pipes P2 to P22 and movable valves V2 to V12 controlled by the control device 28. The fuel cell power generation system 1 is supplied with renewable power generated from renewable energy sources. It is also connected to a power grid, and can receive grid power.
水電解装置１０は、配管Ｐ２を介して水素タンク１２と連通し、配管Ｐ６を介して酸素タンク１４と連通する。水電解装置１０は、燃料電池発電システム１からの供給可能電力から電力系統などへの供給電力を差し引いた余乗電力を利用して水を電気分解し、水素ガスおよび酸素ガスを生成する。また、この水電解装置１０は、燃料電池１８による発電電力、及び再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力により水の電気分解を行うことも可能である。 The water electrolysis device 10 is connected to the hydrogen tank 12 via pipe P2 and to the oxygen tank 14 via pipe P6. The water electrolysis device 10 electrolyzes water using surplus power, which is the power that can be supplied from the fuel cell power generation system 1 minus the power supplied to the power grid, etc., to generate hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The water electrolysis device 10 is also capable of electrolyzing water using power generated by the fuel cell 18 and power generated by renewable energy.
水電解装置１０は、水電解部として電気化学反応を伴う水の電気分解を行う各種の水電解セル、例えばアルカリ水電解型セルや固体高分子水電解型セルを有する。アルカリ水電解型セルや固体高分子水電解型セルでは、例えば酸化極と還元極が電解質を挟み互いに対向した配置で構成されている。固体高分子水電解セルの場合、酸化極ではセル外部から酸化極内に水電解用の水を供給し、触媒反応を伴う電気分解で酸素ガスと水素イオンおよび電子を分離生成する。そして、水素イオンは水電解セルの電解質内を移動して対向する還元極に到達すると外部回路を経由して移動した電子と結合して水素ガスを生成する。 The water electrolysis device 10 has various water electrolysis cells, such as alkaline water electrolysis cells and solid polymer water electrolysis cells, which perform electrolysis of water involving electrochemical reactions as the water electrolysis section. In alkaline water electrolysis cells and solid polymer water electrolysis cells, for example, an oxidizing electrode and a reducing electrode are arranged facing each other with an electrolyte in between. In the case of a solid polymer water electrolysis cell, water for water electrolysis is supplied from outside the cell to the oxidizing electrode, and oxygen gas, hydrogen ions, and electrons are separated and generated by electrolysis involving a catalytic reaction. Then, when the hydrogen ions move within the electrolyte of the water electrolysis cell and reach the opposing reducing electrode, they combine with the electrons that have moved via an external circuit to generate hydrogen gas.
水電解装置１０が生成した水素ガスは、配管Ｐ２を介して水素タンク１２に供給される。また、水電解装置１０が生成した酸素ガスは、配管Ｐ６を介して酸素タンク１４に供給される。 The hydrogen gas generated by the water electrolysis device 10 is supplied to the hydrogen tank 12 via pipe P2. The oxygen gas generated by the water electrolysis device 10 is supplied to the oxygen tank 14 via pipe P6.
水素タンク１２は、配管Ｐ４を介して可動弁Ｖ２に接続され、外部に水素ガスを供給することも可能である。また、水素タンク１２は、配管Ｐ５、可動弁Ｖ６、及び配管Ｐ１２を介して燃料電池１８に連通している。配管Ｐ１２は、燃料電池１８と備蓄タンク２４ａとの間に、可動弁Ｖ６、Ｖ８、Ｖ１０、及び改質器２４ｂを介して接続されている。 The hydrogen tank 12 is connected to the movable valve V2 via pipe P4, and is also capable of supplying hydrogen gas to the outside. The hydrogen tank 12 is also connected to the fuel cell 18 via pipe P5, movable valve V6, and pipe P12. Pipe P12 is connected between the fuel cell 18 and the storage tank 24a via movable valves V6, V8, V10, and the reformer 24b.
酸素タンク１４は、配管Ｐ８、可動弁Ｖ４及び配管Ｐ１１を介して燃料電池１８に連通している。 The oxygen tank 14 is connected to the fuel cell 18 via piping P8, movable valve V4, and piping P11.
蓄電池１６は、再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力、及び燃料電池１８による発電電力の少なくとも一方を用いて、蓄電する。また、この蓄電池１４は、連繋する電力系統から充放電を行うことが可能である。 The storage battery 16 stores electricity using at least one of the electricity generated by renewable energy and the electricity generated by the fuel cell 18. The storage battery 14 can also be charged and discharged from the connected power grid.
燃料電池１８は、配管Ｐ１２を介して供給される水素含有ガス、及び配管Ｐ１１を介して供給される酸素含有ガスを用いて発電し、連繋する電力系統に放電可能である。この燃料電池１８は、水電解装置１０、及び蓄電池１６に発電電力を供給可能である。 The fuel cell 18 generates electricity using hydrogen-containing gas supplied through the pipe P12 and oxygen-containing gas supplied through the pipe P11, and can discharge the electricity to the connected power system. This fuel cell 18 can supply the generated electricity to the water electrolysis device 10 and the storage battery 16.
燃料電池１８は、例えば固体高分子電解質型燃料電池である。固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の場合には、燃料電池１８は、燃料極と酸化剤極が固体高分子電解質膜を挟み一体化した燃料電池単セルがセパレータを介して互いに複数積層された燃料電池スタックを有する。燃料電池単セルは、燃料極と、酸化剤極とを、有する。そして、燃料電池セルは、化学式１で示す反応により発電する。すなわち、水素含有ガスは、燃料極側のガス流路を流れ、燃料極反応をおこす。また、酸素含有ガスは、酸化剤極側のガス流路を流れ、酸化剤極反応をおこす。
また、燃料電池１８を構成する燃料極触媒層には、耐一酸化炭素被毒性、耐硫黄被毒性、あるいは耐窒素被毒性を有する貴金属触媒の少なくとも一つが含まれる。これらの耐一酸化炭素被毒性、耐硫黄被毒性、あるいは耐窒素被毒性の貴金属含有触媒として、例えば白金とルテニウムを含む合金触媒粒子をカーボン粒子等の担体に担持させた燃料電池用途の電極触媒を使用可能である。また、電極触媒はこれらに限定されず、例えばＮｉ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ等を含んでもよい。これらの耐一酸化炭素被毒性や耐硫黄被毒性、あるいは耐窒素被毒性を有する燃料極触媒層の構成により、燃料電池１８に供給される改質ガスに触媒活性性能を低下させる一酸化炭素ガスや硫黄含有ガス、あるいはアンモニア由来の窒素含有ガスが含まれる様な場合であっても電池反応を安定させた性能を維持可能となる。 The fuel electrode catalyst layer constituting the fuel cell 18 contains at least one precious metal catalyst that is resistant to carbon monoxide poisoning, sulfur poisoning, or nitrogen poisoning. As these precious metal-containing catalysts that are resistant to carbon monoxide poisoning, sulfur poisoning, or nitrogen poisoning, for example, an electrode catalyst for fuel cells in which alloy catalyst particles containing platinum and ruthenium are supported on a carrier such as carbon particles can be used. The electrode catalyst is not limited to these, and may contain, for example, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, etc. By configuring the fuel electrode catalyst layer that is resistant to carbon monoxide poisoning, sulfur poisoning, or nitrogen poisoning, it is possible to maintain a stable performance of the cell reaction even when the reformed gas supplied to the fuel cell 18 contains carbon monoxide gas, sulfur-containing gas, or nitrogen-containing gas derived from ammonia, which reduces the catalytic activity performance.
さらにまた、燃料電池１８の冷却用に用いられた冷却水は、温度上昇し、温水として排出される。この温水は、配管Ｐ１６を介して貯湯ユニット２２に貯水される。空気ブロアー２０は、空気を配管Ｐ１０及び可動弁Ｖ４を介して燃料電池１８に供給可能である。貯湯ユニット２２は、燃料電池１８から供給される温水を貯湯するとともに、外部に供給可能である。 Furthermore, the cooling water used to cool the fuel cell 18 increases in temperature and is discharged as hot water. This hot water is stored in the hot water storage unit 22 via piping P16. The air blower 20 can supply air to the fuel cell 18 via piping P10 and movable valve V4. The hot water storage unit 22 can store the hot water supplied from the fuel cell 18 and supply it to the outside.
ここで、燃料ガス導入部２４の詳細を説明する。備蓄タンク２４ａには、配管Ｐ２２を介して供給された原料ガスが備蓄される。この原料ガスは、例えば天然ガス、液化石油ガス、プロパンガス、メタンガス、バイオガス、メタノールの少なくとも一つである。なお、備蓄タンク２４ａを設けずに、配管Ｐ２２を可動弁Ｖ１２に接続しもよい。 Here, the fuel gas introduction section 24 will be described in detail. The storage tank 24a stores the raw material gas supplied via the pipe P22. This raw material gas is, for example, at least one of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane gas, methane gas, biogas, and methanol. Note that the pipe P22 may be connected to the movable valve V12 without providing the storage tank 24a.
可動弁Ｖ１２には、配管Ｐ２０を介して都市ガス、液化天然ガス（ＬＮＧ：Ｌｉｑｕｅｆｉｅｄ Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ Ｇaｓ）などが供給される。すなわち、この可動弁Ｖ１２は、制御装置２８の制御に従い、備蓄タンク２４ａから供給されるガスと、配管Ｐ２０を介して供給されるガスの混成量を調整可能である。 The movable valve V12 is supplied with city gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), etc., via the pipe P20. In other words, this movable valve V12 is capable of adjusting the mixed amount of gas supplied from the storage tank 24a and gas supplied via the pipe P20 under the control of the control device 28.
改質器２４ｂは、配管Ｐ１２及び可動弁Ｖ１２を介して供給されるガスを改質する。すなわち、この改質器２４ｂは、天然ガス、液化石油ガス、プロパンガス、メタンガス、バイオガス、メタノール、都市ガス、液化天然ガスに対応する化学反応により、水素含有ガスを生成する。改質器２４ｂは、可動弁Ｖ１０、Ｖ８，Ｖ６、及び配管Ｐ１２を介して燃料電池１８に改質ガスを供給する。また、可動弁Ｖ８には、配管Ｐ１８を介して、副生水素が供給される。 The reformer 24b reforms the gas supplied via the pipe P12 and the movable valve V12. That is, the reformer 24b generates a hydrogen-containing gas through a chemical reaction corresponding to natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane gas, methane gas, biogas, methanol, city gas, and liquefied natural gas. The reformer 24b supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell 18 via the movable valves V10, V8, and V6, and the pipe P12. In addition, by-product hydrogen is supplied to the movable valve V8 via the pipe P18.
センサ２４ｃは、配管Ｐ１２を流れる原料ガスの組成を検出する。このセンサ２４ｃは、原料ガスの組成情報を含む信号を制御装置２８に出力する。同様に、センサ２４ｄは、配管Ｐ１２を流れる改質ガスの組成を検出する。このセンサ２４ｄは、改質ガスの組成情報を含む信号を制御装置２８に出力する。 Sensor 24c detects the composition of the raw gas flowing through pipe P12. This sensor 24c outputs a signal including composition information of the raw gas to control device 28. Similarly, sensor 24d detects the composition of the reformed gas flowing through pipe P12. This sensor 24d outputs a signal including composition information of the reformed gas to control device 28.
ここで、図２に基づき、制御装置２８の詳細を説明する。
図２は、制御装置２８の構成例を示すブロック図である。制御装置２８は、は、ＣＰＵ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）等の演算部とＲＡＭ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ Ａｃｃｅｓｓ Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）等の記憶部（図示せず）とを有し、記憶部に格納されているシステムプログラムや制御プログラムなどを読み出して記憶部に展開し、当該プログラムに従って各機器の動作を制御する。すなわち、この制御装置２８は、送受信部２８０と、発電制御部２８２と、混合制御部２８４と、弁制御部２８６と、を有する。
The control device 28 will now be described in detail with reference to FIG.
2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control device 28. The control device 28 has a calculation unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a storage unit (not shown) such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), reads out system programs and control programs stored in the storage unit, develops them in the storage unit, and controls the operation of each device according to the programs. That is, the control device 28 has a transmission/reception unit 280, a power generation control unit 282, a mixing control unit 284, and a valve control unit 286.
送受信部２８０は、燃料電池発電システム１内の各機器との間で信号の送受信を行う。なお、本実施形態に係る送受信部２８０が取得部に対応する。 The transmitter/receiver 280 transmits and receives signals between each device in the fuel cell power generation system 1. In this embodiment, the transmitter/receiver 280 corresponds to the acquisition unit.
発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池発電システム１に対する需要電力に応じて、水電解装置１０と、蓄電池１６と、燃料電池１８と、を制御する。なお、発電制御部２８２の制御例の詳細を図３、及び図４を用いて後述する。 The power generation control unit 282 controls the water electrolysis device 10, the storage battery 16, and the fuel cell 18 according to the power demand for the fuel cell power generation system 1. An example of the control performed by the power generation control unit 282 will be described in detail later with reference to Figures 3 and 4.
混合制御部２８４は、改質ガス、及び水素ガスの少なくとも一方の状態に応じて、燃料ガス導入部２４を制御し、改質ガス、及び水素ガスの少なくとも一方の供給量を調整する。より詳細には、この混合制御部２８４は、改質ガスの組成に基づき、水素ガスの供給量を燃料ガス導入部２４に対して制御する。混合制御部２８４の制御例の詳細を、図５を用いて後述する。
弁制御部２８６は、発電制御部２８２及び混合制御部２８４の制御情報に基づき、可動弁Ｖ２～Ｖ１２を制御する。
The mixing control unit 284 controls the fuel gas introduction unit 24 according to the state of at least one of the reformed gas and hydrogen gas, and adjusts the supply amount of at least one of the reformed gas and hydrogen gas. More specifically, the mixing control unit 284 controls the supply amount of hydrogen gas to the fuel gas introduction unit 24 based on the composition of the reformed gas. A detailed example of control by the mixing control unit 284 will be described later with reference to FIG. 5.
The valve control unit 286 controls the movable valves V 2 to V 12 based on control information from the power generation control unit 282 and the mixing control unit 284 .
図３は、燃料電池発電システム１に対する電力需要と、水電解装置１０、蓄電池１６、及び燃料電池１８の発電の状態との関係を模式的に示す図である。横軸は時間を示し、縦軸は、太陽光発電（PV）や風力発電等の再生可能エネルギーによる供給電力に加えて、燃料電池発電システム１の供給電力を含めた電力系統の電力量を示す。電力需要曲線Ｌ１０は、燃料電池発電システム１に対する電力需要を示す。領域Ａ１０は、燃料電池発電システム１と並行して再生可能エネルギーにより電力系統に供給される電力量を示し、領域Ａ１２は、蓄電池１６の発電電力量を示し、領域Ａ１４及びＡ１６は、燃料電池１８の発電の発電電力量を示す。領域Ａ１４は、水素タンク１２から供給された水素ガス、副生水素ガスの少なくとも一方による発電量を示す。また、領域Ａ１６は、改質ガスによる発電電力を示す。一方で、領域Ｂ１０は、燃料電池発電システム１を含む電力系統内における余剰電力を示す。この余剰電力により、水電解装置１０が水素ガスを生成している例を示している。 3 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of the relationship between the power demand for the fuel cell power generation system 1 and the power generation state of the water electrolysis device 10, the storage battery 16, and the fuel cell 18. The horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows the amount of power in the power system, including the power supply from the fuel cell power generation system 1 in addition to the power supply from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic power generation (PV) and wind power generation. The power demand curve L10 shows the power demand for the fuel cell power generation system 1. Area A10 shows the amount of power supplied to the power system by renewable energy in parallel with the fuel cell power generation system 1, area A12 shows the amount of power generated by the storage battery 16, and areas A14 and A16 show the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 18. Area A14 shows the amount of power generated by at least one of the hydrogen gas and by-product hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen tank 12. Area A16 shows the power generated by the reformed gas. On the other hand, area B10 shows the surplus power in the power system including the fuel cell power generation system 1. This shows an example in which the water electrolysis device 10 uses this surplus power to generate hydrogen gas.
図３に示すように、燃料電池発電システム１の制御装置２８では、需要電力に応じて段階的に水電解装置１０、蓄電池１６、及び燃料電池１８を制御する。より詳細には、例えば領域Ａ１０に示す再生可能エネルギーにより発電された電力量と領域Ａ１２に示す蓄電池１６の発電電力量とが余剰する場合に、余剰電力により水電解装置１０が水素ガスを生成する。時間経過に従い、電力需要が増加し、余剰電力が不足する時点で、水電解装置１０による水電解を停止し、領域Ａ１４における燃料電池１８の発電を開始する。更に、時間の経過とともに、需要電力が増加し、領域Ａ１０に示す再生可能エネルギーにより発電された電力量と、領域Ａ１２に示す蓄電池１６の発電電力量と、領域Ａ１４における燃料電池１８の発電電力量とでは電力量が不足する場合に、燃料電池１８は、領域Ａ１６に示す改質ガスも用いた発電により電力量を補完する。 As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 28 of the fuel cell power generation system 1 controls the water electrolysis device 10, the storage battery 16, and the fuel cell 18 in stages according to the power demand. More specifically, for example, when the amount of power generated by renewable energy shown in area A10 and the amount of power generated by the storage battery 16 shown in area A12 are in excess, the water electrolysis device 10 generates hydrogen gas using the surplus power. As time passes, the power demand increases, and when the surplus power becomes insufficient, the water electrolysis by the water electrolysis device 10 is stopped, and power generation by the fuel cell 18 in area A14 is started. Furthermore, as time passes, the power demand increases, and when the amount of power generated by renewable energy shown in area A10, the amount of power generated by the storage battery 16 shown in area A12, and the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 18 in area A14 are insufficient, the fuel cell 18 supplements the amount of power by generating power using the reformed gas shown in area A16.
燃料電池１８の発電電力量の不足には、例えば水素タンク１２の貯蔵水素量が下限値に達し、水素ガスが不足する場合も含まれる。この場合、燃料電池１８は、水素タンク１２の貯蔵水素量が下限値に達すると、領域Ａ１６に示す改質ガスのみでも発電可能であり、需要電力に対する電力量が不足しないように運用可能である。このように、燃料電池１８は、水素ガスの供給量に応じて領域Ａ１６に示す改質ガスによる発電も可能である。 A shortage of the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 18 also includes, for example, a case where the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank 12 reaches a lower limit and hydrogen gas runs out. In this case, when the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank 12 reaches the lower limit, the fuel cell 18 can generate power using only the reformed gas shown in area A16, and can be operated so that there is no shortage of power relative to the power demand. In this way, the fuel cell 18 can also generate power using the reformed gas shown in area A16 depending on the amount of hydrogen gas supplied.
これらの説明から分かるように、本実施形態に係る燃料電池発電システム１では、需要電力に応じて段階的に水電解装置１０、蓄電池１６、及び燃料電池１８を制御することにより、安定した電力供給がより効率的に行える。このように、発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池発電システム１に対する需要電力に応じて、段階的に水電解装置１０と、蓄電池１６と、燃料電池１８と、を制御する。 As can be seen from these explanations, in the fuel cell power generation system 1 according to this embodiment, stable power supply can be achieved more efficiently by controlling the water electrolysis device 10, the storage battery 16, and the fuel cell 18 in stages according to the power demand. In this way, the power generation control unit 282 controls the water electrolysis device 10, the storage battery 16, and the fuel cell 18 in stages according to the power demand for the fuel cell power generation system 1.
図４は、発電制御部２８２の制御動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
まず、発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池発電システム１に供給される再生可能エネルギーにより発電された電力（Ａ）が需要電力（Ｂ）よりも大きいか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１００）。電力（Ａ）が需要電力（Ｂ）以下である場合（ステップＳ１００のＮ）、発電制御部２８２は、蓄電池１６の蓄電残量が蓄電池下限値よりも大きいか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１０２）。蓄電池１６の残量が蓄電池下限値以上である場合（ステップＳ１０２のＮ）、発電制御部２８２は、蓄電池１６に放電をさせる制御を行い（ステップＳ１０４）、処理を終了する。
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the control operation of the power generation control unit 282.
First, the power generation control unit 282 judges whether or not the power (A) generated by the renewable energy supplied to the fuel cell power generation system 1 is greater than the demand power (B) (step S100). If the power (A) is equal to or less than the demand power (B) (N in step S100), the power generation control unit 282 judges whether or not the remaining charge of the storage battery 16 is greater than the lower limit of the storage battery (step S102). If the remaining charge of the storage battery 16 is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the storage battery (N in step S102), the power generation control unit 282 controls the storage battery 16 to discharge (step S104), and ends the process.
一方で、蓄電池１６の残量が蓄電池下限値より小さい場合（ステップＳ１０２のＹ）、発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池１８の水素残量が水素残量下限値よりも大きいか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１０６）。水素残量が水素残量下限値以上である場合（ステップＳ１０６のＮ）、発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池１８に発電をさせる制御を行う（ステップＳ１０８）、処理を終了する。 On the other hand, if the remaining charge in the storage battery 16 is less than the lower battery limit (Y in step S102), the power generation control unit 282 determines whether the remaining hydrogen charge in the fuel cell 18 is greater than the lower hydrogen limit (step S106). If the remaining hydrogen charge is equal to or greater than the lower hydrogen limit (N in step S106), the power generation control unit 282 controls the fuel cell 18 to generate power (step S108) and ends the process.
一方で、水素残量が水素残量下限値より小さい場合（ステップＳ１０６のＹ）、発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池１８に改質ガスを用いた発電をさせる制御を行う（ステップＳ１１０）。この場合、弁制御部２８６は、発電制御部２８２及び混合制御部２８４の制御情報に基づき、可動弁Ｖ６～１２を解放させ、改質ガスを燃料電池１８に供給する制御を行い（ステップＳ１１０）、処理を終了する。 On the other hand, if the remaining amount of hydrogen is less than the lower limit of the remaining amount of hydrogen (Y in step S106), the power generation control unit 282 controls the fuel cell 18 to generate power using the reformed gas (step S110). In this case, based on the control information of the power generation control unit 282 and the mixing control unit 284, the valve control unit 286 opens the movable valves V6-12 and controls the supply of the reformed gas to the fuel cell 18 (step S110), and ends the process.
一方で、電力（Ａ）が需要電力（Ｂ）より大きい場合（ステップＳ１００のＹ）、発電制御部２８２は、蓄電池１６の蓄電残量が蓄電池上限値よりも小さいか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１１２）。蓄電池１６の残量が蓄電池上限値よりも小さい場合（ステップＳ１１２のＹ）、発電制御部２８２は、電力（Ａ）と需要電力（Ｂ）と差分電力を蓄電池１６に充電させる制御を行う。 On the other hand, if the power (A) is greater than the demand power (B) (Y in step S100), the power generation control unit 282 determines whether the remaining charge of the storage battery 16 is less than the upper battery limit (step S112). If the remaining charge of the storage battery 16 is less than the upper battery limit (Y in step S112), the power generation control unit 282 controls the storage battery 16 to charge the difference power between the power (A) and the demand power (B).
次に、発電制御部２８２は、蓄電池１６の蓄電残量が蓄電池下限値よりも小さいか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１１６）。蓄電池１６の蓄電残量が蓄電池下限値よりも小さい場合（ステップＳ１１６のＹ）、発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池１８の発電電力を用いて、蓄電池１６の充電を行い、処理を終了する。 Next, the power generation control unit 282 determines whether the remaining charge of the storage battery 16 is less than the lower battery limit (step S116). If the remaining charge of the storage battery 16 is less than the lower battery limit (Y in step S116), the power generation control unit 282 charges the storage battery 16 using the power generated by the fuel cell 18 and ends the process.
一方で、蓄電池１６の蓄電残量が蓄電池下限値以上である場合（ステップＳ１１６のＮ）、処理を終了する。 On the other hand, if the remaining charge in the storage battery 16 is equal to or greater than the lower battery limit (N in step S116), the process is terminated.
一方で、蓄電池１６の残量が蓄電池上限値以上である場合（ステップＳ１１２のＮ）、発電制御部２８２は、燃料電池１８の水素残量が最大水素貯蔵量よりも小さいか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１２０）。水素残量が最大水素貯蔵量よりも小さい場合（ステップＳ１２０のＹ）、発電制御部２８２は、水電解装置１０に水素ガスを生成させる制御を行い（ステップＳ１２２）、処理を終了する。 On the other hand, if the remaining charge in the storage battery 16 is equal to or greater than the storage battery upper limit (N in step S112), the power generation control unit 282 determines whether the remaining hydrogen charge in the fuel cell 18 is less than the maximum hydrogen storage capacity (step S120). If the remaining hydrogen charge is less than the maximum hydrogen storage capacity (Y in step S120), the power generation control unit 282 controls the water electrolysis device 10 to generate hydrogen gas (step S122) and ends the process.
一方で、燃料電池１８の水素残量が最大水素貯蔵量以上である場合（ステップＳ１２０のＮ）、発電制御部２８２は、処理を終了する。このように、発電制御部２８２は、需要電力と、蓄電池１６、及び燃料電池１８との状態に応じて各装置の制御を行う。 On the other hand, if the remaining amount of hydrogen in the fuel cell 18 is equal to or greater than the maximum hydrogen storage amount (N in step S120), the power generation control unit 282 ends the process. In this way, the power generation control unit 282 controls each device according to the demand power and the state of the storage battery 16 and the fuel cell 18.
図５は、混合制御部２８４の制御動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。ここでは、可動弁Ｖ６～１２を解放させ、改質ガスを燃料電池１８に供給する場合の制御例を説明する。 Figure 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the control operation of the mixing control unit 284. Here, we explain a control example in which the movable valves V6 to V12 are opened and the reformed gas is supplied to the fuel cell 18.
まず、混合制御部２８４は、センサ２４ｃから供給される原料ガスの組成の情報を取得する（ステップＳ２００）。続けて、混合制御部２８４は、原料ガスの組成に応じて、都市ガス又は液化天然ガスの混成割合を決定する（ステップＳ２０２）。混合制御部２８４は、例えば改質後の水素含有ガス量が所定量に達するように、都市ガス又は液化天然ガスの混成割合を決定する First, the mixing control unit 284 acquires information on the composition of the raw gas supplied from the sensor 24c (step S200). Next, the mixing control unit 284 determines the blend ratio of city gas or liquefied natural gas according to the composition of the raw gas (step S202). The mixing control unit 284 determines the blend ratio of city gas or liquefied natural gas so that, for example, the amount of hydrogen-containing gas after reforming reaches a predetermined amount.
次に、混合制御部２８４は、センサ２４ｄから供給される改質ガスの組成情報を取得する（ステップＳ２０４）。続けて、混合制御部２８４は、改質ガスの組成に応じて、副生水素ガスの混成割合を決定する（ステップＳ２０６）。混合制御部２８４は、例えば混成後の水素含有ガス量が所定量に達するように、副生水素ガスの混成割合を決定する。このように、水素ガスのみでの発電電力量が不足する場合には、改質ガスを加えることにより、燃料電池１８の発電量を増加させることが可能となる。この場合、改質ガスの組成に応じて、副生水素ガスの混成割合を決定するので、改質ガスの水素含有量が少なくとも、所定量の水素含有ガスを燃料電池１８に供給可能となる。さらに、原料ガスの組成に応じて、都市ガス又は液化天然ガスの混成割合を決定するので、原料ガスの水素ガス原量が少なくとも、所定量の水素ガスの原料となるガスを改質器２４ｂに供給可能となる。 Next, the mixing control unit 284 acquires composition information of the reformed gas supplied from the sensor 24d (step S204). The mixing control unit 284 then determines the mixing ratio of the by-product hydrogen gas according to the composition of the reformed gas (step S206). The mixing control unit 284 determines the mixing ratio of the by-product hydrogen gas, for example, so that the amount of hydrogen-containing gas after mixing reaches a predetermined amount. In this way, when the amount of power generated by hydrogen gas alone is insufficient, it is possible to increase the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 18 by adding reformed gas. In this case, since the mixing ratio of the by-product hydrogen gas is determined according to the composition of the reformed gas, a predetermined amount of hydrogen-containing gas can be supplied to the fuel cell 18 with at least the hydrogen content of the reformed gas. Furthermore, since the mixing ratio of city gas or liquefied natural gas is determined according to the composition of the raw material gas, at least the amount of hydrogen gas in the raw material gas can be supplied to the reformer 24b as a raw material for a predetermined amount of hydrogen gas.
このように、燃料電池発電システム１による水素ガス貯蔵が無い場合や、また水電解装置１０を稼働させ水素ガスを貯蔵中の場合であっても、改質ガスまたは副生水素を燃料ガスとして燃料電池１８に供給できる。このため、燃料電池１８の発電を定常的に行うことが可能となり、安定した電力供給を行える。例えば、図３に示す様に再エネ電力や蓄電池の放電、および水素ガス発電で供給する電力量が、需要量に対して不足する（図３の需要曲線の領域Ａ１６）場合においても、天候等に影響されずに、燃料電池１８の発電を安定して行うことが可能となる。これにより、燃料電池発電システム１の稼働率の低下が抑制される。 In this way, even when there is no hydrogen gas storage by the fuel cell power generation system 1 or when the water electrolysis device 10 is operating and storing hydrogen gas, the reformed gas or by-product hydrogen can be supplied to the fuel cell 18 as fuel gas. This allows the fuel cell 18 to generate power steadily, enabling a stable power supply. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, even when the amount of power supplied by renewable energy power, discharge of the storage battery, and hydrogen gas power generation is insufficient compared to the demand (area A16 of the demand curve in FIG. 3), it is possible to stably generate power in the fuel cell 18 without being affected by weather, etc. This suppresses a decrease in the operating rate of the fuel cell power generation system 1.
また、天候等により変動の大きい自然由来の再生可能エネルギーによる余剰電力を用いて水電解装置１０により水素ガスに変換して蓄積している状態と並行して、燃料電池１８は生成した改質ガスや副生水素ガスにより所定の電力出力を保持して発電することが可能となる。このため、燃料電池１８の稼働率が向上する。さらにオフグリッド地域などで系統電力がない場所で電力が不足した場合に、水電解装置１０、蓄電池１６、及び改質ガス等での備蓄タンク２４ａからの燃料供給による燃料電池１８との併用システムにより、貯蔵水素ガスの不足分を補完する多様な原料ガス種が選択可能となる。これにより、生成した改質ガスを用いた燃料電池１８の発電を安定して行うことが可能となる。このため、燃料電池発電システム１の稼働率の低下が抑制される。なお、本実施形態では、電力系統から隔離された地域をオフグリッドと称する。 In addition, while the water electrolysis device 10 converts surplus electricity from naturally occurring renewable energy, which is subject to large fluctuations due to weather and the like, into hydrogen gas and stores it, the fuel cell 18 can generate electricity while maintaining a predetermined power output using the generated reformed gas and by-product hydrogen gas. This improves the operating rate of the fuel cell 18. Furthermore, when there is a power shortage in a place without grid power, such as an off-grid area, a system using the water electrolysis device 10, the storage battery 16, and the fuel cell 18 with fuel supply from the storage tank 24a using reformed gas or the like makes it possible to select a variety of raw gas types to supplement the shortage of stored hydrogen gas. This makes it possible to stably generate electricity using the generated reformed gas in the fuel cell 18. This prevents a decrease in the operating rate of the fuel cell power generation system 1. In this embodiment, an area isolated from the power grid is referred to as off-grid.
さらに、生成した改質ガスを用いた燃料電池１８の発電を安定して行うことができるので、オフグリッド地域で水電解装置１０と蓄電池１６との電力容量の適正化が可能となる。これにより、より高いエネルギー利用効率で自立機能を達成するシステムを構築でき、コスト低減が可能となる。また、緊急時にも、貯蔵水素以外の燃料ガスを外部の供給手段、例えば備蓄タンク２４ａや移動式補給タンク（不図示）により供給することで給電が可能となる。 Furthermore, since the fuel cell 18 can stably generate electricity using the generated reformed gas, it is possible to optimize the power capacity of the water electrolysis device 10 and the storage battery 16 in off-grid areas. This makes it possible to build a system that achieves self-sustaining function with higher energy utilization efficiency, and reduces costs. Also, in an emergency, power can be supplied by supplying fuel gas other than stored hydrogen from an external supply means, such as a storage tank 24a or a mobile supply tank (not shown).
以上のように、本実施形態に係る燃料電池発電システム１は、制御装置２８が、改質ガス、及び水素ガスの少なくとも一方の状態に応じて、改質ガス、及び水素ガスの少なくとも一方の燃料電池１８への供給量を制御することとした。これにより、水素ガスの供給量が不足する場合には、改質ガスの供給量を増加させることにより燃料電池１８の発電量を増加できる。また、改質ガス
の水素ガス含有量が少ない場合には、副生水素ガスの供給量を増加することで、燃料電池１８の発電量を増加できる。このように、燃料電池１８の発電を安定して行うことが可能となり、燃料電池発電システム１の稼働率の低下を抑制できる。
As described above, in the fuel cell power generation system 1 according to this embodiment, the control device 28 controls the amount of at least one of the reformed gas and hydrogen gas supplied to the fuel cell 18 depending on the state of at least one of the reformed gas and hydrogen gas. As a result, when the supply of hydrogen gas is insufficient, the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 18 can be increased by increasing the amount of reformed gas supplied. Also, when the hydrogen gas content of the reformed gas is low, the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 18 can be increased by increasing the amount of by-product hydrogen gas supplied. In this way, it is possible to stably generate power in the fuel cell 18, and a decrease in the operation rate of the fuel cell power generation system 1 can be suppressed.
１：燃料電池発電システム、１２：水素タンク、１４：酸素タンク、１８：燃料電池、２４：燃料ガス導入部、２４ｂ：改質器、２８：制御装置。 1: fuel cell power generation system, 12: hydrogen tank, 14: oxygen tank, 18: fuel cell, 24: fuel gas introduction section, 24b: reformer, 28: control device.
Claims (12)
再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力、及び前記燃料電池の発電電力の少なくとも一方を用いて、蓄電する蓄電池と、
前記再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力、及び前記燃料電池の発電電力の少なくとも一方を用いて、水から前記水素ガス及び酸素ガスを生成し、前記水素ガスを前記燃料電池に供給可能な水電解装置と、
前記水電解装置が生成した前記水素ガスを蓄える水素タンクと、
前記改質ガス、前記副生水素ガス及び前記水素ガスのうちの少なくとも一つを前記燃料電池に供給可能である燃料ガス導入部と、
前記燃料電池及び前記蓄電池の供給電力を制御するとともに、前記水素ガスの供給量に応じて前記燃料ガス導入部を制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記蓄電池の蓄電残量に応じて、
前記再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力が余剰電力として余剰する場合には、前記蓄電残量の蓄電池上限値に基づき、前記余剰電力による前記蓄電池への充電と、前記水電解装置による前記水素の製造とを切り替え、
前記再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力が余剰しない場合には、前記蓄電池上限値よりも小さな値である蓄電池下限値に基づき、前記蓄電池からの放電と、前記燃料電池による発電とを切り替え、
前記制御装置は、前記改質ガスの組成に基づき、前記副生水素ガスの供給量の制御を前記燃料ガス導入部に対しておこなう、燃料電池発電システム。 a fuel cell capable of generating electricity using at least one of a reformed gas, a by-product hydrogen gas, and a hydrogen gas;
a storage battery that stores electricity using at least one of electricity generated by renewable energy and electricity generated by the fuel cell;
a water electrolysis device that generates the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas from water using at least one of the power generated by the renewable energy and the power generated by the fuel cell, and that is capable of supplying the hydrogen gas to the fuel cell;
a hydrogen tank for storing the hydrogen gas generated by the water electrolysis device;
a fuel gas introduction section capable of supplying at least one of the reformed gas, the by-product hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas to the fuel cell;
a control device that controls the power supply to the fuel cell and the storage battery, and controls the fuel gas introduction section in accordance with the amount of hydrogen gas supplied;
Equipped with
The control device includes:
Depending on the remaining charge of the storage battery,
when the power generated by the renewable energy is surplus power, switching is performed between charging the storage battery with the surplus power and producing the hydrogen by the water electrolysis device based on a storage battery upper limit value of the remaining power storage amount;
When there is no surplus power generated by the renewable energy, switching is performed between discharging from the storage battery and power generation by the fuel cell based on a storage battery lower limit value that is a value smaller than the storage battery upper limit value ;
The control device controls the amount of the by-product hydrogen gas supplied to the fuel gas inlet based on a composition of the reformed gas .
前記原料ガスは、天然ガス、液化石油ガス、プロパンガス、メタンガス、バイオガス、メタノールのなかの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項１に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 The method further includes a reformer that generates the reformed gas by reforming a raw material gas,
2. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the raw material gas includes at least one of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane gas, methane gas, biogas, and methanol.
前記制御装置は、前記原料ガスの組成に基づき、前記都市ガス、及び前記液化天然ガスの少なくとも一方の供給量を制御する、請求項２に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 The fuel gas introduction section is further capable of supplying at least one of city gas and liquefied natural gas,
3. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the control device controls the supply amount of at least one of the city gas and the liquefied natural gas based on a composition of the raw material gas.
前記制御装置は、前記蓄電池の残量が下限値よりも少ない場合に、前記燃料電池に前記水素タンクから供給される前記水素ガスにより発電を行なわせる、請求項１乃至４のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 In the case where there is no surplus of electricity generated by the renewable energy,
5. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1 , wherein the control device causes the fuel cell to generate power using the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen tank when the remaining charge of the storage battery is less than a lower limit value.
前記制御装置は、前記蓄電池の残量が下限値よりも少ない場合、且つ前記水素タンクに貯蔵する水素ガス残量が下限値よりも少ない場合に、前記燃料電池に前記改質ガスを用いて発電を行なわせる、請求項１乃至７のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 In the case where there is no surplus of electricity generated by the renewable energy,
8. A fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the control device causes the fuel cell to generate power using the reformed gas when the remaining charge in the storage battery is less than a lower limit and when the remaining amount of hydrogen gas stored in the hydrogen tank is less than a lower limit.
再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力、及び前記燃料電池の発電電力の少なくとも一方を用いて、蓄電する蓄電池と、
前記再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力、及び前記燃料電池の発電電力の少なくとも一方を用いて、水から前記水素ガス及び酸素ガスを生成し、前記水素ガスを前記燃料電池に供給可能な水電解装置と、
前記水電解装置が生成した前記水素ガスを蓄える水素タンクと、
前記改質ガス、前記副生水素ガス及び前記水素ガスのうちの少なくとも一つを前記燃料電池に供給可能である燃料ガス導入部と、
前記燃料電池及び前記蓄電池の供給電力を制御するとともに、前記水素ガスの供給量に応じて前記燃料ガス導入部を制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記蓄電池の蓄電残量に応じて、
前記再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力が余剰電力として余剰する場合には、前記蓄電残量の蓄電池上限値に基づき、前記余剰電力による前記蓄電池への充電と、前記水電解装置による前記水素の製造とを切り替え、
前記再生可能エネルギーによる発電電力が余剰しない場合には、前記蓄電池上限値よりも小さな値である蓄電池下限値に基づき、前記蓄電池からの放電と、前記燃料電池による発電とを切り替え、
前記制御装置は、前記改質ガスの組成に基づき、前記燃料電池への水素含有ガスが所定量に達するように、前記副生水素ガスの供給量を制御する、燃料電池発電システム。 a fuel cell capable of generating electricity using at least one of a reformed gas, a by-product hydrogen gas, and a hydrogen gas;
a storage battery that stores electricity using at least one of electricity generated by renewable energy and electricity generated by the fuel cell;
a water electrolysis device that generates the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas from water using at least one of the power generated by the renewable energy and the power generated by the fuel cell, and that is capable of supplying the hydrogen gas to the fuel cell;
a hydrogen tank for storing the hydrogen gas generated by the water electrolysis device;
a fuel gas introduction section capable of supplying at least one of the reformed gas, the by-product hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas to the fuel cell;
a control device that controls the power supply to the fuel cell and the storage battery, and controls the fuel gas introduction section in accordance with the amount of hydrogen gas supplied;
Equipped with
The control device includes:
Depending on the remaining charge of the storage battery,
when the power generated by the renewable energy is surplus power, switching is performed between charging the storage battery with the surplus power and producing the hydrogen by the water electrolysis device based on a storage battery upper limit value of the remaining power storage amount;
When there is no surplus power generated by the renewable energy, switching is performed between discharging from the storage battery and power generation by the fuel cell based on a storage battery lower limit value that is a value smaller than the storage battery upper limit value ;
The control device controls the amount of the by-product hydrogen gas supplied to the fuel cell based on a composition of the reformed gas so that a predetermined amount of hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the fuel cell .
前記燃料電池に前記酸素タンクから前記酸素ガスを供給する、請求項１乃至１０のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 Further comprising an oxygen tank for storing the oxygen gas,
11. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen gas is supplied to the fuel cell from the oxygen tank.
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