JP7555333B2 - 錠剤及び錠剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
錠剤及び錠剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7555333B2 JP7555333B2 JP2021514159A JP2021514159A JP7555333B2 JP 7555333 B2 JP7555333 B2 JP 7555333B2 JP 2021514159 A JP2021514159 A JP 2021514159A JP 2021514159 A JP2021514159 A JP 2021514159A JP 7555333 B2 JP7555333 B2 JP 7555333B2
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
- A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
- A61K9/2081—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets with microcapsules or coated microparticles according to A61K9/50
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2095—Tabletting processes; Dosage units made by direct compression of powders or specially processed granules, by eliminating solvents, by melt-extrusion, by injection molding, by 3D printing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
このように、原薬を核粒子の外表面にコーティングして顆粒を製造する場合に当該顆粒に含ませる原薬の量を安定させるためには、個々の顆粒が保持する原薬量を安定させるために必須である真球に近い核粒子の製造の困難性から多大な製造コストがかかってしまうことが知られている。
なお、特許文献1には本願発明における顆粒(造粒組成物)の配合の一例が開示されており、特許文献2には本願発明における顆粒(造粒組成物)の製法の一例が開示されており、特許文献3には本願発明における顆粒(造粒組成物)の構成の一例が開示されているが、当該顆粒(造粒組成物)を用いた錠剤が含有させる有効成分の量を安定的に制御できることやマスキング作用を発揮できることについては確認されていなかった。
すなわち本発明は、下記の通りである。
(1)薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む造粒組成物を少なくとも含む混合物を圧縮成形してなる錠剤であって、
薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む結合剤からなる第1の領域と、
前記第1の領域に隣接し前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む結合剤からなる第2の領域と、を備え、
前記第1の領域および第2の領域内に含まれる薬効成分又は生体機能性成分は、それぞれが含まれる前記結合剤中において層を形成することなく、分散または溶解していることを特徴とする錠剤。
(2)前記結合剤は、不活性物質からなる(1)に記載の錠剤。
(3)前記不活性物質は、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ゼラチン、カラギーナン、寒天、ポリエチレングリコール、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メタクリル酸コポリマー、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アンモニオアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー、ヒプロメロースフタレート、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート、セルロースアセテートフタレート及びポリビニルアセテートフタレートおよび融点80℃以下の硬化油または界面活性剤の少なくともいずれかである(2)に記載の錠剤。
(4)前記第1の領域および第2の領域それぞれの外表面を被覆し、前記結合剤に不溶な物質から構成される被覆層を更に備え、
前記第1の領域と前記第2の領域は、前記被覆層を介して隣接することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の錠剤。
(5)
前記第1の領域および第2の領域それぞれの外表面と前記被覆層との界面の展開面積比Sdrが100~700であることを特徴とする(4)に記載の錠剤。
(6)前記被覆層は、アスペクト比が10以下である被覆粒子により構成されることを特徴とする(4)に記載の錠剤。
(7)前記結合剤が前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分の所定の特性にマスキングを施すマスキング剤である場合に、前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分の少なくとも一部が前記マスキング剤中にアモルファス状態で含まれていることを特徴とする(1)に記載の錠剤。
(8)前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分は、前記マスキング剤に対する前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分の溶解度以下となる含有量で、前記マスキング剤に溶融していることを特徴とする(7)に記載の錠剤。
(9)前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分は苦味化合物であり、
前記マスキング剤は前記苦味化合物の苦味を抑制するための苦味抑制剤であることを特徴とする(7)に記載の錠剤。
(10)前記苦味抑制剤は、グリセリン脂肪酸エステルであることを特徴とする(9)に記載の錠剤。
(11)前記グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、有機酸エステルであることを特徴とする(10)に記載の錠剤。
(12)前記有機酸エステルは、有機酸モノグリセリドであることを特徴とする(11)に記載の錠剤。
(13)前記有機酸モノグリセリドは、コハク酸モノグリセリド、クエン酸モノグリセリド、酒石酸モノグリセリドおよび酢酸モノグリセリドから選ばれる1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする(12)に記載の錠剤。
(14)前記苦味化合物は、薬効成分又は生体機能性成分の薬理学的に許容されるクエン酸塩類またはコハク酸塩類であることを特徴とする(9)に記載の錠剤。
(15)前記被覆粒子は、日局トウモロコシデンプンであることを特徴とする(6)に記載の錠剤。
(16)薬効成分又は生体機能性成分である第1の成分と、前記第1の成分を含む結合剤とを有する複数の造粒組成物と、他の被混合物とを混合し、
混合して得られる混合物を圧縮成形する錠剤製造方法であって、
圧縮成形の対象である前記複数の造粒組成物それぞれにおいて、前記第1の成分は、前記結合剤中において層を形成することなく、分散または溶解している方法。
(17)前記結合剤は、不活性物質からなる(16)に記載の方法。
(18)前記不活性物質は、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ゼラチン、カラギーナン、寒天、ポリエチレングリコール、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メタクリル酸コポリマー、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アンモニオアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー、ヒプロメロースフタレート、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート、セルロースアセテートフタレート及びポリビニルアセテートフタレートおよび融点80℃以下の硬化油または界面活性剤の少なくともいずれかである(17)に記載の方法。
(19)圧縮成形の対象である前記複数の造粒組成物それぞれが、前記第1の成分を含む結合剤の外表面を被覆し、前記結合剤に不溶な物質から構成される被覆層を更に備えることを特徴とする(16)に記載の方法。
(20)前記結合剤が前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分の所定の特性にマスキングを施すマスキング剤である場合に、前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分の少なくとも一部が前記マスキング剤中にアモルファス状態で含まれていることを特徴とする(16)に記載の方法。
ドウ糖、糖アルコール、ヒロドキシプロピルセルロース、加工デンプン、難消化性デキストリン、難消化性デンプンなどを例示することができ、これらの1種又は2種以上を好適に使用することができる。
(造粒組成物の作製)
<実施例1>
実施例1に係る結果として作成される錠剤を構成する造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表1に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)ゾル液を50~80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が当該冷却媒体中で冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。表1において、トウモロコシデンプン1は薬効成分もしくは栄養機能性成分の代替として「含有粒子」として核粒子に含有されるものであり、トウモロコシデンプン2は被覆粒子となるものである。実施例1では、あくまで本発明に係る製剤技術による錠剤の構造や機能の把握・評価のために、トウモロコシデンプン1を薬効成分もしくは栄養機能性成分に見立てて配合しているが、実際に薬効成分もしくは栄養機能性成分を含有する本発明に係る造粒組成物を製造する場合には、上記トウモロコシデンプン1の代わりに、薬効成分もしくは栄養機能性成分が含有される。
実施例1に係る結果として作成される錠剤は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される錠剤が表2に示す組成となるように各成分を秤量し、40cm×70cmの透明ポリエチレン袋に入れて封をし、手で10分間転倒混合して打錠用混合末を調製し、ロータリ式打錠機(PICCOLA D8)で、円形扁平型(直径7mm、1錠あたりの重量120mg)の口腔内崩壊錠を製した。
<実施例2>
本願造粒組成物における原薬含有安定性評価は、個々の造粒組成物粒子における原薬含有量のばらつきを評価することで実施できるが、当該粒子1個に含まれる原薬の含量は極めて微量であるため、高速液体クロマトグラフィなどによる直接濃度測定は困難である。したがって、実施例2では造粒組成物粒子を複数含む錠剤を製したのち、当該粒子の複数が割断面に現れるよう錠剤ごと割断し、当の割断面に観察される原薬粒子の像を計数し各粒子間で比較し、ばらつきを評価することで、原薬含有安定性の評価に代えた。
(評価手法)
実施例1の上述のような手法によって打錠された錠剤の内部構造は、例えば、3次元X線顕微鏡を用いた非破壊での3次元構造観察や、イオンミリング装置を用いた断面加工による詳細観察を行うことで、確認することができる(東芝ナノアナリシス株式会社ホームページ 「顆粒剤コーティング層の観察」 https://www.nanoanalysis.co.jp/business/case_example_223.html)
実施例2においてはキーエンス社製 デジタルマイクロスコープVHX-900Fを用いて錠剤の内部構造を観察した。
実施例2においてはキーエンス社製デジタルマイクロスコープVHX-900Fを用いて錠剤の内部構造を観察した。
図5および図6は、打錠に利用する造粒組成物として、賦形剤としての不活性核粒子の外表面に原薬をコーティングし、さらにその上に溶出制御層をコーティングしてなる従来の顆粒の断面構造を示す概念図である。図7は、図6に示すような、十分な真球度を確保できていない核粒子を用いた造粒組成物を使用して錠剤を打錠した場合の錠剤の断面構造の概念図である。
<実施例3、比較例2~3>
まず、実施例3に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表3の実施例3に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、コハク酸ソリフェナシンをアモルファス状態で含むコハク酸モノグリセリド(融点70℃)のゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
比較例2に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表3の比較例2に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、ゼラチンのゾル液を約65℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
比較例3に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表3の比較例3に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、硬化油のゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
続いて、下記表4を用いて、苦味化合物として塩酸キニーネを採用した造粒組成物の処方について説明する。下記表4では、結果として作製される乾燥状態での造粒組成物全体を100%としたときの各成分の含有量を示している。
実施例4~7に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表4の実施例4~7に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、塩酸キニーネをアモルファス状態で含むコハク酸モノグリセリドのゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
比較例4に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表4の比較例4に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、塩酸キニーネをアモルファス状態で含む酒石酸モノグリセリドのゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
比較例5に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表4の比較例5に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、塩酸キニーネをアモルファス状態で含む硬化油のゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
コハク酸ソリフェナシンまたはその塩の結晶構造を識別できる方法は特に制限されないが、例えば偏光顕微鏡観察法、X線回折法、DSC測定法、近赤外分光法等が挙げられる。例えば、XRD法を用いて評価する場合、測定条件によって多少は変化するため厳密に解されるべきではないが、2θ=10℃付近にみられるソリフェナシン晶質体由来の特異的なピークが見られなければ、完全にアモルファスであると判断できる
実施例3、8、9、10および11では、メイジテクノ株式会社製位相差顕微鏡MT5210Lに偏光フィルターを設置して偏光顕微鏡観察法によって結晶質の複屈折の度合の比較を行ったところ、同量の所定の化合物を顕鏡したときに観察される複屈折の度合よりも、上述した造粒組成物のほうが小さかったため、少なくとも一部がアモルファスであると判定した。
上記表の各実施例および比較例での造粒組成物におけるマスキングによる効果の度合いは以下のとおりだった(苦味評価)。なお、ここでの苦味評価とは、いわゆる官能評価によるものであり、具体的には、作製された造粒組成物を評価者が口に含み、60秒間舌に乗せて感じる苦味の程度を主観的にスコア化するものである。具体的には、苦味の度合について1から4の4段階に分け、「4:すぐさま吐き出さなければならないほど、しびれるように苦い」、「3:強い苦みを感じるが吐き出すまでではない」、「2:苦いが甘味で緩和できそうと感じる」、「1:ほとんど苦味を感じない」のいずれかを5名のパネラーに選定させ、スコア平均値を算出した。
上述のように、本願発明の発明者による鋭意研究の結果、本発明よれば、苦味化合物としてのコハク酸ソリフェナシンを造粒組成物全体に対して20%まで含ませても、苦味をマスキングできることが確認された。また、本発明によれば、苦味化合物としての塩酸キニーネを造粒組成物全体に対して30%まで含ませても、苦味をマスキングできることが確認された。
<実施例3、8~11、比較例6>
下記表5に記載の処方に従い、マスキング対象である苦味化合物としてコハク酸ソリフェナシンを採用した造粒組成物を調製した。下記表5では、結果として作製される乾燥状態での造粒組成物全体を100%としたときの各成分の含有量を示している。
実施例8に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表5の実施例8に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、コハク酸ソリフェナシンの一部をアモルファス状態で含むデカグリセリンステアリン酸エステルのゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
実施例9に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表5の実施例9に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、コハク酸ソリフェナシンの一部をアモルファス状態で含むデカグリセリンベヘニン酸エステルのゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
実施例10に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表5の実施例10に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、コハク酸ソリフェナシンの一部をアモルファス状態で含むモノステアリン酸ソルビタンのゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
実施11に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表5の実施例11に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、コハク酸ソリフェナシンの一部をアモルファス状態で含むポリエチレングリコール4000のゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
比較例6に係る造粒組成物は、本願出願人にて以下の方法に基づいて作製された。すなわち、結果として作製される造粒組成物が乾燥後に表5の比較例6に示す組成となるように(ただし、トウモロコシデンプンは除く)、コハク酸ソリフェナシンの一部をアモルファス状態で含むグリセリンモノベヘネートのゾル液を約80℃の条件下で調製し、室温(例:23℃)下で転動する冷却媒体(日局トウモロコシデンプン)に直径約0.3mmの大きさの液滴として吐出し、当該液滴が冷却されて固化した後、140メッシュの篩をもちいて分級した。
実施例3の造粒組成物について、苦味化合物のマスキング具合を評価するために溶出試験を行った。
溶出試験機:Toyama Dissolution Tester NTR‐6400A
溶出試験条件:5mg-苦味化合物/900mL溶出液, 50rpm 37℃, パドル法
溶出液は精製水を用いた。
溶出液中の苦味化合物濃度をHPLCにて定量し、溶出率を比較した。
HPLC:ポンプLC-20AD オートサンプラーSIL-20A コントローラーCBM-20A
UV検出器SPD-20AカラムオーブンCTO-20A(株式会社島津製作所)
実施例3の造粒組成物について、苦味化合物のマスキング具合を評価するために官能試験を行った。
被験者5人に、実施例3の造粒組成物を苦味化合物5mg相当と、ベシケア錠5mg 1錠とを与えた。口の中に30秒間含んだときに感じる苦味についてヒアリングした。
〇:実施例3に係る造粒組成物のほうが苦味を感じない。
△:実施例3に係る造粒組成物とベシケア錠5mgとの違いが分からない。
×:実施例3に係る造粒組成物よりもベシケア錠5mgのほうが苦味を感じない。
下記表6から、実施例3の組成物はベシケアOD錠5mgよりマスキング効果が高いといえる。
下記表7に示した各成分を秤量し、40cm×70cmの透明ポリエチレン袋に入れて封をし、手で10分間転倒混合して打錠用混合末を調製し、ロータリー式打錠機(PICCOLA D8)で、円形扁平型(直径7mm、1錠あたりの重量120mg)の口腔内崩壊錠を製した。
上記実施例3で得られた造粒組成物(顆粒)を用いて、下記方法により表7に示す組成の口腔内崩壊錠を製した。得られた口腔内崩壊錠について、水を服用せずに口腔内で崩壊させたときの舌触りを5人のパネリストにより官能評価し、本発明の造粒組成物が不快なザラザラ感を引き起こさないかを判定した。いずれのパネリストにおいても、この口腔内崩壊錠は口腔内で約50~65秒後に崩壊し、崩壊途中も崩壊後も、口腔内に固い粒の感触や不快なザラザラ感を感じなかった。
上述のようにして作製された実施例3に係る造粒組成物を用いて打錠された錠剤について、日本薬局方(http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp14/pdf/1237-1.pdf)に基づいてElectrolab製摩損度試験計EF-2を用いて摩損度を評価した。内径287mm、深さ約38mmの透明なプラスチック製ドラムに錠剤55錠(約6.6g)を入れ、毎分25回転で100回転させた。終了後に錠剤を取り出し観察したところ、錠剤の割れや欠けを認めたものは0個で、試験前後の錠剤の重量変化から求めた摩損度は0.1%であった。
(1) 薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む造粒組成物を少なくとも含む混合物を圧縮成形してなる錠剤であって、
薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む結合剤からなる第1の領域と、
前記第1の領域に隣接し前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む結合剤からなる第2の領域と、を備え、
前記第1の領域および第2の領域内に含まれる薬効成分又は生体機能性成分は、それぞれが属する領域内において層を形成することなく、分散していることを特徴とする錠剤。
(2) 前記結合剤は、不活性物質からなる(1)に記載の錠剤。
(3) 前記不活性物質は、ゼラチン、カラギーナン、寒天、ポリエチレングリコール、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メタクリル酸コポリマー、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アンモニオアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー、ヒプロメロースフタレート、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート、セルロースアセテートフタレート及びポリビニルアセテートフタレートおよび融点80℃以下の硬化油または界面活性剤の少なくともいずれかである(1)または(2)に記載の錠剤。
(4) 前記第1の領域および第2の領域それぞれの外表面を被覆し、前記結合剤に不溶な物質から構成される被覆層を更に備えることを特徴とする(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載の錠剤。
(5) 前記被覆層は、アスペクト比が10以下である被覆粒子により構成されることを特徴とする(4)に記載の錠剤。
(6) 薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む造粒組成物を少なくとも含む混合物を圧縮成形してなる錠剤であって、
薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む結合剤からなる第1の領域と、
前記第1の領域に隣接し前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む結合剤からなる第2の領域と、を備え、
前記第1の領域および第2の領域内に含まれる薬効成分又は生体機能性成分は、それぞれが属する領域内において層を形成することなく、前記結合剤に溶解していることを特徴とする錠剤。
(7) 前記結合剤は、不活性物質からなる(6)に記載の錠剤。
(8) 前記不活性物質は、ゼラチン、カラギーナン、寒天、ポリエチレングリコール、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メタクリル酸コポリマー、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アンモニオアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー、ヒプロメロースフタレート、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート、セルロースアセテートフタレート及びポリビニルアセテートフタレートおよび融点80℃以下の硬化油または界面活性剤の少なくともいずれかである(6)または(7)に記載の錠剤。
(9) 前記第1の領域および第2の領域それぞれの外表面を被覆し、前記結合剤に不溶な物質から構成される被覆層を更に備えることを特徴とする(6)から(8)のいずれかに記載の錠剤。
(10) 前記被覆層は、アスペクト比が10以下である被覆粒子により構成されることを特徴とする(9)に記載の錠剤。
(11) 薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む造粒組成物を少なくとも含む混合物を圧縮成形してなる錠剤であって、
前記造粒組成物は、含有粒子と、被覆粒子と、前記含有粒子同士及び前記含有粒子と前記被覆粒子とを結合して粒状の形体を保持する結合剤とを具備し、前記含有粒子と結合剤とからなる核粒子の周囲に前記被覆粒子が付着してなり、前記被覆粒子が前記結合剤に不溶なものであり、前記含有粒子及び/又は結合剤に前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分が含有され、かつ界面の展開面積比Sdrが100~700であることを特徴とする錠剤。
(12) 上記被覆粒子のアスペクト比が10以下である(11)に記載の錠剤。
(13) 薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含む造粒組成物と、他の被混合物とを混合し、混合して得られる混合物を圧縮成形する錠剤製造方法であって、
前記造粒組成物は、含有粒子と、被覆粒子と、前記含有粒子同士及び前記含有粒子と前記被覆粒子とを結合して粒状の形体を保持する結合剤とを具備し、前記含有粒子と結合剤とからなる核粒子の周囲に前記被覆粒子が付着してなり、前記被覆粒子が前記結合剤に不溶なものであり、前記含有粒子及び/又は結合剤に前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分が含有され、かつ界面の展開面積比Sdrが100~700であることを特徴とする方法。
(14) 上記被覆粒子のアスペクト比が10以下である(13)に記載の錠剤製造方法。
(15) 所定の化合物のマスキング機能を有するマスキング剤と、前記マスキング剤によるマスキングの対象であり、その少なくとも一部が前記マスキング剤中にアモルファス状態で含まれる所定の化合物と、からなる粒子状の核粒子を備える造粒組成物。
(16) 前記所定の化合物は、前記核粒子を構成する前記マスキング剤に対する前記所定の化合物の溶解度以下となる含有量で、前記マスキング剤に溶融していることを特徴とする(15)に記載の造粒組成物。
(17) 前記核粒子の周囲を被覆する被覆材を更に備えることを特徴とする(15)または(16)に記載の造粒組成物。
(18) 前記被覆材は、前記核粒子よりも粒径の小さい被覆粒子であることを特徴とする(17)に記載の造粒組成物。
(19) 前記被覆材は、前記核粒子の外表面を覆うコーティング剤であることを特徴とする(17)に記載の造粒組成物。
(20) 前記所定の化合物は苦味化合物であり、
前記マスキング剤は前記苦味化合物の苦味を抑制するための苦味抑制剤であることを特徴とする(15)~(19)のいずれかに記載の造粒組成物。
(21) 前記苦味抑制剤は、グリセリン脂肪酸エステルであることを特徴とする(20)に記載の造粒組成物。
(22) 前記グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、有機酸エステルであることを特徴とする(21)に記載の造粒組成物。
(23) 前記有機酸エステルは、有機酸モノグリセリドであることを特徴とする(22)に記載の造粒組成物。
(24) 前記有機酸モノグリセリドは、コハク酸モノグリセリド、クエン酸モノグリセリド、酒石酸モノグリセリドおよび酢酸モノグリセリドから選ばれる1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする(23)に記載の造粒組成物。
(25) 前記苦味化合物は、薬効成分又は生体機能性成分の薬理学的に許容されるクエン酸塩類またはコハク酸塩類であることを特徴とする(20)~(24)のいずれか一項に記載の造粒組成物。
(26)前記苦味化合物は、コハク酸ソリフェナシン、および塩酸キニーネの少なくともいずれかであることを特徴とする(20)~(24)のいずれか一項に記載の造粒組成物。
(27) 前記核粒子は、前記苦味化合物として20%以下のコハク酸ソリフェナシンを含むことを特徴とする(20)~(24)のいずれか一項に記載の造粒組成物。
(28) 前記核粒子は、前記苦味化合物として30%以下の塩酸キニーネを含むことを特徴とする(20)~(24)のいずれか一項に記載の造粒組成物。
(29) 前記被覆粒子は、日局トウモロコシデンプンであることを特徴とする(28)に記載の造粒組成物。
(30) 苦味化合物を、前記苦味化合物の苦味を抑制するための苦味抑制剤に溶融させつつ混合して核粒子溶液を製し、
前記核粒子溶液を液滴として、前記核粒子溶液と相溶性のない所定の冷却媒体に向け射出する造粒組成物製造方法。
(31) 前記冷却媒体は粉体からなる粉床である(30)に記載の方法。
(32) 前記冷却媒体は油脂である(30)に記載の方法。
(33) 前記冷却媒体は空気である(30)に記載の方法。
Claims (4)
- 錠剤の製造方法であって、
前記方法は、
(i)複数の造粒組成物と他の被混合物とを混合するステップであって、
前記複数の造粒組成物それぞれが、
(a)結合剤と該結合剤中に含まれる薬効成分又は生体機能性成分とから構成される領域、及び
(b)前記領域の外表面を被覆し前記結合剤に不溶な物質から構成される被覆層
を備える、
上記混合するステップ、並びに
(ii)(i)のステップで得られた混合物を圧縮成形するステップ
を含み、
圧縮成形の対象である前記複数の造粒組成物それぞれにおいて、前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分は、前記結合剤中において層を形成することなく分散または溶解している、
製造方法:
ただし、前記錠剤は、
複数の造粒組成物を含む混合物を圧縮成形してなる錠剤であって、
前記造粒組成物は薬効成分又は生体機能性成分を含み、
前記複数の造粒組成物のうちの1つの造粒組成物が、
(c)結合剤と該結合剤中に含まれる薬効成分又は生体機能性成分とから構成される第1の領域、及び
(d)前記第1の領域の外表面を被覆し前記結合剤に不溶な物質から構成される被覆層
を備え、
前記複数の造粒組成物のうちの他の1つの造粒組成物が、
(e)前記第1の領域に隣接する第2の領域であって、結合剤と該結合剤中に含まれる前記薬効成分又は生体機能性成分とから構成される第2の領域、及び
(f)前記第2の領域の外表面を被覆し前記結合剤に不溶な物質から構成される被覆層
を備え、
前記第1の領域および第2の領域内に含まれる薬効成分又は生体機能性成分は、それぞれが含まれる前記結合剤中において層を形成することなく分散または溶解しており、
前記第1の領域と前記第2の領域は、前記被覆層を介して隣接し、
前記造粒組成物の界面の展開面積比Sdrが100~700であり、かつ
前記被覆層は、アスペクト比が11以下である被覆粒子により構成されることを特徴とする錠剤である。 - 前記結合剤は、不活性物質からなる請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記不活性物質は、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ゼラチン、カラギーナン、寒天、ポリエチレングリコール、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メタクリル酸コポリマー、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アンモニオアルキルメタクリレートコポリマー、アクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー、ヒプロメロースフタレート、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート、セルロースアセテートフタレート及びポリビニルアセテートフタレートおよび融点80℃以下の硬化油または界面活性剤の少なくともいずれかである請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 錠剤の全質量に対し、前記造粒組成物を6.25~10質量%含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
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