JP7552241B2 - Iron type golf club head - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an iron-type golf club head.

One of the qualities required for an iron-type golf club head is a good feel when hitting the ball. In order to improve the feel when hitting the ball, it is desirable to control the vibration of the face. From this perspective, in golf club heads in which the thickness of the face is reduced to increase the coefficient of restitution, ribs are sometimes placed on the back side of the face (see U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/028270).

US Patent Application Publication No. 2017/028270

Patent Document 1 describes providing a pair of ribs parallel to each other on the back side of the face portion. Patent Document 1 also describes providing the pair of ribs at a position away from the face portion, extending vertically from the lower portion to the upper portion of the face portion.

However, after careful consideration, the inventors found that the ribs described in this publication make it difficult to sufficiently improve the feel on impact.

The present invention was made based on these circumstances, and the objective of the present invention is to provide an iron-type golf club head that can sufficiently improve the hitting feeling.

The iron-type golf club head according to one aspect of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above problems, is an iron-type golf club head that includes a face portion and a sole portion extending rearward from the lower edge of the face portion, and includes a rib that is connected to the sole portion and disposed on the back surface of the face portion, and the rib extends from the sole portion into an elliptical area surrounded by a first circle with a radius of 10 mm centered on the centroid of the back surface of the face portion or the centroid of the front surface of the face portion projected onto the back surface, a second circle with a radius of 10 mm centered on the projection point of the center of gravity of the golf club head projected onto the back surface, and two parallel line segments circumscribing the first circle and the second circle.

The iron-type golf club head preferably has a lateral moment of inertia of 4000 g·cm ² or more.

It is preferable that the front surface area of the face portion is 36.7 ^cm2 or more.

The upper end of the rib is preferably located within the oval region.

The upper end of the rib may be located on an imaginary line passing through the center of the first circle and the center of the second circle, or may be located above the imaginary line.

It is preferable that the minimum distance between the center of the first circle and the rib is equal to or less than the minimum distance between the center of the second circle and the rib.

The rib may be inclined from the toe side to the heel side from the sole portion toward the oval region.

The rib may be connected to the sole portion at a position on the toe side.

The height of the rib within the oval region is preferably 5 mm or more.

The sole portion may have a groove extending in the toe-heel direction, and the rib may be connected to the bottom and side surfaces of the groove.

In the present invention, "front" means the side to be hit, and "rear" means the opposite side. "Front of face" means the area of the front of the golf club head that is closer to the toe side than the boundary line of the toe side of the heel (see the area in the thick frame in FIG. 5). "Rear of face" means the flat surface that faces the front of the face (see the area surrounded by the thick solid line and the thick broken line in FIG. 6). In addition, "flat surface" includes a shape having irregularities with a height or depth of 0.5 mm or less. "Projection point of the center of gravity of the golf club head projected on the rear" means a projection point of the center of gravity of the golf club head projected in the normal direction of the front of the face with respect to the rear of the face. "Transverse moment of inertia" means the moment of inertia about the vertical axis passing through the center of gravity of the golf club head when the iron-type golf club head is placed on a horizontal plane so as to have a preset loft angle and lie angle. "The rib is connected to the sole portion at a position on the toe side" means that the rib is connected to the sole portion at the toe side, with the center of the back surface of the face portion in the toe-heel direction as the reference point. Also, "toe-heel direction" means the horizontal direction perpendicular to the front-to-rear direction when the iron-type golf club head is placed on a horizontal surface so as to achieve the preset loft angle and lie angle.

The iron-type golf club head according to one aspect of the present invention can improve the hitting feel by selectively providing ribs on the back surface of the part of the face that is prone to vibration.

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an iron-type golf club head according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic rear view of the iron-type golf club head of FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view showing the arrangement of ribs in the iron-type golf club head of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the iron-type golf club head of FIG. 2 taken along line IV-IV. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining the front surface of the face portion of the iron type golf club head of FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the rear surface of the face portion of the iron type golf club head of FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic rear view showing an iron-type golf club head according to an embodiment different from the iron-type golf club head of FIG.

The following describes in detail an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

[First embodiment]
<Iron type golf club head>
The iron-type golf club head 10 (hereinafter, simply referred to as "golf club head 10") of Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 includes a face portion 1 and a sole portion 2 extending rearward from the lower edge of the face portion 1. The golf club head 10 also includes a top portion 3 extending rearward from the upper edge of the face portion 1, a toe portion 4 extending rearward from the toe side (tip side) of the face portion 1, a heel portion 5 provided on the heel side (opposite the tip side) of the face portion 1, and a bosel portion 6 provided continuously with the heel portion 5. The golf club head 10 also includes a rear wall portion 7 extending from the rear end of the sole portion 2 and protruding upward away from the back surface 1b of the face portion 1. The golf club head 10 includes a rib 8 connected to the sole portion 2 and disposed on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1. The golf club head 10 is used as an iron-type golf club X with a shaft 9 connected to the bosel portion 6. The golf club head 10 is mainly made of a metal or alloy such as iron or stainless steel.

The golf club head 10 is preferably designed to improve the directionality of the ball. More specifically, the golf club head 10 is designed to increase the lateral moment of inertia by reducing the thickness of the face portion 1 (the distance between the front surface 1a and the back surface 1b of the face portion) while increasing the area of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 (i.e., by increasing the length in the toe-heel direction). In such a golf club head, the stiffness of the face portion decreases due to the thinning of the face portion, resulting in a poor hitting feel. In response to this, the golf club head 10 improves the hitting feel by arranging ribs 8 on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1.

The lower limit of the lateral moment of inertia of the golf club head 10 is preferably 4000 g· ^cm2 , and more preferably 4100 g· ^cm2 . The golf club head 10 can sufficiently improve the directionality of the hit ball by having a lateral moment of inertia equal to or greater than the lower limit. Even if the golf club head 10 has such a large moment of inertia, the golf club head 10 can achieve both an increase in the lateral moment of inertia and an improvement in the hitting feeling while suppressing an increase in the weight of the golf club head 10 as a whole by controlling the arrangement of the ribs 8 as described below. Note that the golf club head 10 can achieve both an increase in the lateral moment of inertia and an improvement in the hitting feeling, and there is no particular limit to the upper limit of the lateral moment of inertia. However, in terms of the configuration of the golf club, the upper limit of the lateral moment of inertia can be set to, for example, 4600 g· ^cm2 in reality.

(Face part)
The face portion 1 has a front surface 1a (see the area within the thick frame in FIG. 5) that constitutes a striking surface, and a back surface 1b (see the area surrounded by a thick solid line and a thick broken line in FIG. 6) on the opposite side of the front surface 1a. A plurality of scorelines 11 are provided on the front surface 1a. The plurality of scorelines 11 extend in the toe-heel direction at intervals in the up-down direction.

The lower limit of the area of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 is preferably 36.7 ^cm2 , and more preferably 37.7 ^cm2 . The golf club head 10 can sufficiently increase the lateral moment of inertia by having the area of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 be equal to or greater than the lower limit. On the other hand, if the area of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the face portion 1 becomes thinner, which makes the face portion 1 more likely to vibrate and tends to cause a deterioration in the hitting feeling. In contrast, the golf club head 10 can improve the hitting feeling while suppressing an increase in the weight of the golf club head 10 by controlling the arrangement of the ribs 8. Note that the golf club head 10 can improve the hitting feeling while increasing the area of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1, and there is no particular limit to the upper limit of the area of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1. However, in terms of the configuration of the golf club, the upper limit of the area can be, for example, 40.7 ^cm2 .

(Sole)
The sole portion 2 extends rearward from the lower edge of the face portion 1, and is connected at its toe-side end to the toe portion 4 and at its heel-side end to the heel portion 5. The sole portion 2 is in the form of a thin plate with its longitudinal direction extending in the toe-heel direction and its width direction extending in the front-to-rear direction.

As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the sole portion 2 has a groove 2a extending in the toe-heel direction. The sole portion 2 has the groove 2a, which enhances the flexibility of the face portion 1.

As shown in FIG. 4, the groove 2a may be directly connected to the back surface 1b of the face portion 1. In other words, the front side surface of the groove 2a may also serve as the back surface 1b of the face portion 1. With this configuration, the sole portion 2 is less likely to hinder the deflection of the face portion 1.

(Rear wall)
The rear wall portion 7 contributes to increasing the lateral moment of inertia of the golf club head 10 by relatively increasing the weight at a position horizontally distant from the center of gravity of the golf club head 10. The front surface of the rear wall portion 7 also serves as the rear side surface of the groove 2a provided in the sole portion 2. The rear wall portion 7 has a high rigidity portion 7a on the toe side in the toe-heel direction that has a higher rigidity than other portions. The high rigidity portion 7a is, for example, an expanded portion whose cross-sectional area perpendicular to the toe-heel direction is expanded. Since the rear wall portion 7 has the high rigidity portion 7a, the golf club head 10 can easily increase the lateral moment of inertia.

(rib)
As shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, the rib 8 extends upward from the sole portion 2. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the rib 8 extends into an elliptical region R1 surrounded by a first circle C1 having a radius of 10 mm and centered on a projection point G1' obtained by projecting the centroid G1 of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 onto the back surface 1b, a second circle C2 having a radius of 10 mm and centered on a projection point G2' obtained by projecting the center of gravity of the golf club head 10 onto the back surface 1b of the face portion 1, and two parallel line segments L1 and L2 circumscribing the first circle C1 and the second circle C2. The first circle C1 is a virtual circle drawn on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 with the projection point G1' as its center. The second circle C2 is a virtual circle drawn on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 with the projection point G2' as its center.

The golf club head 10 is intended to improve the hitting feeling while suppressing an increase in the weight of the golf club head 10 as a whole. Therefore, it is preferable that the rib 8 is selectively provided at a position suitable for improving the hitting feeling. From this viewpoint, the rib 8 is selectively provided at a portion of the face portion 1 that is likely to vibrate. To explain in more detail, when the face portion 1 is bent with the shaft 9 and the heel portion 5 continuing from the shaft 9 as axes, the centroid G1 of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 can be the portion of the face portion 1 that is most likely to vibrate. In addition, the contact area of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 with the ball at the time of impact of the ball is usually a circle with a radius of about 10 mm. Therefore, the first circle C1 corresponds to the area that is most likely to vibrate at the time of impact of the ball. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of increasing the lateral moment of inertia, the rigidity of the golf club head 10 near the projection point G2' tends to be relatively small. Therefore, the second circle C2 corresponds to the area where the face portion 1 is likely to vibrate. From these points, the elliptical region R1 consisting of the first circle C1, the second circle C2, and the region between these two circles C1 and C2 corresponds to the region of the face portion 1 that is prone to vibration in the golf club head 10. Therefore, by having the rib 8 extend from the sole portion 2 into the elliptical region R1, the rib 8 can efficiently suppress the vibration of the face portion 1, and the impact feeling can be improved while suppressing an increase in the weight of the entire golf club head 10. The golf club head 10 may include other ribs in addition to the rib 8. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in the weight of the entire golf club head 10, it is preferable that the golf club head 10 includes only one rib 8.

The rib 8 is directly connected to the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 without any other member. The rib 8 is plate-shaped with its thickness direction in the toe-heel direction. The thickness of the rib 8 may be uniform. It is preferable that the upper end of the rib 8 does not reach the top portion 3. In other words, it is preferable that a gap is formed between the upper end of the rib 8 and the top portion 3. By shortening the vertical length of the rib 8, the golf club head 10 can reduce the size of the rib and suppress an increase in the weight of the entire golf club head 10.

The rib 8 may extend beyond the elliptical region R1, so long as it extends into the elliptical region R1. In other words, in the present invention, the rib "extending into the elliptical region" includes a configuration in which the rib extends beyond the elliptical region. However, it is preferable that the upper end of the rib 8 is located within the elliptical region R1. In the golf club head 10, the rib 8 fixed to the sole portion 2 extends into the elliptical region R1, so that the vibration of the elliptical region R1 can be suppressed and the impact feeling can be improved. Therefore, by positioning the upper end of the rib 8 within the elliptical region R1, the rib 8 can be made smaller within a range where the impact feeling can be improved, and an increase in the weight of the entire golf club head 10 can be suppressed.

The upper end of the rib 8 may be located below the imaginary line V passing through the center of the first circle C1 and the center of the second circle C2. However, as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that the upper end of the rib 8 is located on the imaginary line V passing through the center of the first circle C1 and the center of the second circle C2 or above the imaginary line V. With this configuration, it is possible to more easily suppress the vibration of the face portion 1 at the time of impact with the ball, which makes it easier to improve the feeling of hitting.

In addition, when the upper end of the rib 8 is located on the imaginary line V or above the imaginary line V, it is preferable that the rib 8 extends on a line segment connecting the center of the first circle C1 and the center of the second circle C2.

When the first circle C1 and the second circle C2 intersect with each other, it is preferable that the rib 8 extends to an area included in both the first circle C1 and the second circle C2. With this configuration, it is easier to suppress the vibration of the face portion 1 at the time of impact with the ball, which makes it easier to improve the feeling of hitting.

The minimum distance between the center of the first circle C1 and the rib 8 is preferably equal to or less than the minimum distance between the center of the second circle C2 and the rib 8. By providing the rib 8 close to the first circle C1, which may be the part of the face portion 1 most susceptible to vibration, it is possible to more easily suppress the vibration of the face portion 1 at the time of impact of the ball. Note that if the minimum distance between the center of the first circle C1 and the rib 8 is equal to or less than the minimum distance between the center of the second circle C2 and the rib 8, the minimum distance between the center of the first circle C1 and the rib 8 may be 0. In other words, the rib 8 may be located at the center of the first circle C1.

It is preferable that the rib 8 is inclined from the toe side to the heel side from the sole portion 2 toward the elliptical region R1. As described above, the golf club head 10 has a high rigidity portion 7a on the toe side of the rear wall portion 7. Therefore, when the rib 8 is inclined from the toe side to the heel side from the sole portion 2 toward the elliptical region R1, the rib 8 is connected to the high rigidity portion 7a or at least connected to a position close to the high rigidity portion 7a. With this configuration, the rib 8 can be connected to a portion of the golf club head 10 that is difficult to vibrate (i.e., the rib 8 can be extended from a portion of the golf club head 10 that is difficult to vibrate to a portion of the golf club head 10 that is easy to vibrate), which makes it easier to improve the hitting feel of the golf club head 10.

The rib 8 extends linearly from its lower end to its upper end. This configuration makes it easy to effectively improve the hitting feel while reducing the length of the rib 8 and suppressing an increase in the weight of the golf club head 10.

The rib 8 is preferably connected to the sole portion 2 at a position on the toe side. It is also more preferable that the rib 8 is connected to the high rigidity portion 7a. With this configuration, the rib 8 can be connected to a portion of the golf club head 10 that is less likely to vibrate, which makes it easier to improve the hitting feel of the golf club head 10.

As shown in FIG. 4, the rib 8 is connected to the groove 2a of the sole portion 2. The rib 8 is preferably connected to the bottom and side surfaces of the groove 2a. In other words, the lower end of the rib 8 is preferably fitted into the groove 2a. In FIG. 4, the rib 8 is connected to the front side surface of the groove 2a (i.e., the back surface 1b of the face portion 1), the bottom surface of the groove 2a (i.e., the upper surface of the sole portion 2), and the rear side surface of the groove 2a (i.e., the front surface of the rear wall portion 7). With the golf club head 10, the rib 8 is connected to the bottom and side surfaces of the groove 2a, which makes it easy to suppress vibration of the rib 8. As a result, it is easy to easily and reliably improve the hitting feeling.

The height of the rib 8 in the elliptical region R1 (length in the vertical direction relative to the back surface 1b of the face portion 1) is preferably 5 mm or more. In other words, the minimum height of the rib 8 in the elliptical region R1 is preferably 5 mm. If the height does not meet the lower limit, the rib 8 is likely to vibrate upon impact with the ball, and there is a risk that the hitting feel of the golf club head 10 cannot be sufficiently improved. The upper limit of the height of the rib 8 in the elliptical region R1 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of preventing the weight of the rib 8 from becoming too large, 10 mm is preferable, and 7 mm is more preferable.

The maximum height of the rib 8 in the area connected to the groove 2a (maximum length in the vertical direction relative to the back surface 1b of the face portion 1) is preferably 8 mm or more. If the maximum height is less than the lower limit, the rib 8 is likely to vibrate upon impact with the ball, and there is a risk that the hitting feel of the golf club head 10 will not be sufficiently improved. There is no particular limit to the upper limit of the maximum height of the rib 8 in the area connected to the groove 2a, but from the viewpoint of preventing the weight of the rib 8 from becoming too large, 12 mm is preferable, and 10 mm is more preferable.

As shown in FIG. 4, the height of the rib 8 may gradually increase from its upper end toward the side connected to the groove 2a (the side where the height is greatest). With this configuration, the rib 8 can suppress vibrations at the time of impact with a ball, while the weight of the rib 8 can be reduced to suppress an increase in the weight of the golf club head 10.

<Advantages>
The golf club head 10 can improve the hitting feeling by selectively providing ribs 8 on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 that is prone to vibration.

[Second embodiment]
<Golf club head>
7 includes a face portion 1 and a sole portion 2 extending rearward from a lower edge of the face portion 1. The golf club head 20 includes a rib 18 that is connected to the sole portion 2 and disposed on a back surface 1b of the face portion 1.

The golf club head 20 can be configured similarly to the golf club head 10 in FIG. 1, except for the arrangement of the ribs 18. Therefore, only the arrangement of the ribs 18 will be described below.

(rib)
The rib 18 extends to an elliptical region R11 surrounded by a first circle C11 having a radius of 10 mm centered on the centroid G11 of the back surface 1b of the face portion 1, a second circle C2 having a radius of 10 mm centered on a projection point G2' obtained by projecting the center of gravity of the golf club head 20 onto the back surface 1b of the face portion 1, and two parallel line segments L11, L12 circumscribing the first circle C11 and the second circle C2. The first circle C11 is an imaginary circle drawn on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 centered on the centroid G11, and the second circle C2 is an imaginary circle drawn on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 centered on the projection point G2'. That is, while the first circle C1 of the golf club head 10 in Figure 1 is centered on the projection point G1' obtained by projecting the centroid G1 of the front surface 1a of the face portion 1 onto the back surface 1b, the first circle C11 of the golf club head 20 is centered on the centroid G11 of the back surface 1b of the face portion 1.

In the golf club head 20, the ribs 18 are selectively provided in the part of the face portion 1 that is prone to vibration. To explain in more detail, in the golf club head 20, the sole portion 2, the top portion 3, the toe portion 4, and the heel portion 5 are provided in a frame shape on the periphery of the back surface 1b of the face portion 1. In other words, the face portion 1 is fixed by the sole portion 2, the top portion 3, the toe portion 4, and the heel portion 5 at the periphery on the back surface side. Therefore, the centroid G11 of the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 can be the part of the face portion 1 that is most prone to vibration. Therefore, the elliptical region R11 consisting of the first circle C11, the second circle C2, and the region sandwiched between these two circles C11 and C2 corresponds to the region of the face portion 1 that is prone to vibration in the golf club head 20. Therefore, by extending the rib 18 from the sole portion 2 into the oval region R11, the vibration of the sole portion 1 can be efficiently suppressed by the rib 18, and the impact feeling can be improved while suppressing an increase in the weight of the entire golf club head 20.

Except for the fact that the center of the first circle C11 is different from that of the golf club head 10 in FIG. 1, the specific configuration of the rib 18 can be the same as that of the rib 8 in FIG. 1. For example, the position of the upper end of the rib 18 relative to the oval region R11, the inclination direction of the rib 18, the connection position between the rib 18 and the sole portion 2, the height of the rib 18, etc. can be the same as that of the rib 8 in FIG. 1.

<Advantages>
In the golf club head 20, similar to the golf club head 10 of FIG. 1, the hitting feeling can be improved by selectively providing ribs 18 on the back surface 1b of the face portion 1 that is prone to vibration.

[Other embodiments]
The above-described embodiments do not limit the configuration of the present invention. Therefore, the above-described embodiments may include omissions, substitutions, or additions of components of each part of the embodiments based on the description in this specification and common general technical knowledge, and all of these should be interpreted as falling within the scope of the present invention.

For example, as long as the rib extends into the oval region, the minimum distance between the center of the first circle and the rib can be greater than the minimum distance between the center of the second circle and the rib.

The connection position of the rib to the sole portion can be set based on the specific configuration of the golf club head. For example, the rib may be connected to the sole portion at a position on the heel side. Also, the rib may be configured not to slope from the toe side to the heel side from the sole portion toward the oval region.

The specific configuration of the sole portion is not limited to the configuration described in the above embodiment. For example, the sole portion does not need to have a groove extending in the toe-heel direction. Even if the sole portion has a groove, the groove may be formed, for example, at a position away from the back surface of the face portion.

The back surface of the face portion may be provided with reinforcing members and/or cushioning members other than the ribs. However, from the viewpoint of directly achieving the effect of improving the hitting feel, it is preferable that no reinforcing members other than the ribs are arranged on the back surface of the face portion. It is also preferable that no cushioning members other than the ribs are arranged on the back surface of the face portion.

As described above, the iron-type golf club head according to one aspect of the present invention is suitable for improving the hitting feel.

1 Face portion 1a Front surface 1b Back surface 2 Sole portion 2a Groove 3 Top portion 4 Toe portion 5 Heel portion 6 Bezel portion 7 Rear wall portion 7a High rigidity portion 8, 18 Rib 9 Shaft 10, 20 Iron type golf club head (golf club head)
11 score lines C1, C11 first circle C2 second circle L1, L2, L11, L12 line segment G1 centroid G11 of the front surface of the face part centroid G1' of the back surface of the face part projection point G2' obtained by projecting the centroid of the front surface of the face part onto the back surface of the face part projection points R1, R11 obtained by projecting the center of gravity of the golf club head onto the back surface of the face part oval area V imaginary straight line X passing through the center of the first circle and the center of the second circle iron type golf club

Claims (9)

An iron-type golf club head comprising a face portion and a sole portion extending rearward from a lower edge of the face portion,
a rib connected to the sole portion and disposed on a back surface of the face portion;
the rib extends from the sole portion into an elliptical region surrounded by a first circle having a radius of 10 mm and centered at a centroid of the back surface of the face portion or a projection point of the centroid of the front surface of the face portion projected onto the back surface, a second circle having a radius of 10 mm and centered at a projection point of the center of gravity of the golf club head projected onto the back surface, and two parallel line segments circumscribing the first circle and the second circle ,
An iron-type golf club head, wherein the minimum distance between the center of the first circle and the rib is equal to or less than the minimum distance between the center of the second circle and the rib . 2. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the lateral moment of inertia is 4000 g·cm ² or more. 3. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the front area of the face portion is 36.7 cm ^{<2 >} or more. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the upper end of the rib is located within the oval region. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 4, wherein the upper end of the rib is located on an imaginary line passing through the center of the first circle and the center of the second circle or is located above the imaginary line. 6. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the rib is inclined from the toe side to the heel side from the sole portion toward the elliptical region. 7. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the rib is connected to the sole portion at a position on a toe side. 8. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the height of the rib within the elliptical region is 5 mm or more. The sole portion has a groove extending in a toe-heel direction,
9. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the rib is connected to a bottom surface and a side surface of the groove.

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