JP7549970B2 - 排ガス脱硝装置 - Google Patents
排ガス脱硝装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7549970B2 JP7549970B2 JP2020059391A JP2020059391A JP7549970B2 JP 7549970 B2 JP7549970 B2 JP 7549970B2 JP 2020059391 A JP2020059391 A JP 2020059391A JP 2020059391 A JP2020059391 A JP 2020059391A JP 7549970 B2 JP7549970 B2 JP 7549970B2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 87
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 or vanadia Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
- B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
- B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
- B01F23/21321—High pressure atomization, i.e. the liquid is atomized and sprayed by a jet at high pressure
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
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- B01F25/43163—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod in the form of small flat plate-like elements
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2251/20—Reductants
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- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- B01D2255/209—Other metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/80—Type of catalytic reaction
- B01D2255/806—Electrocatalytic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
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- F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
- F01N2490/02—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes
- F01N2490/06—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes the gases flowing longitudinally from inlet to outlet in opposite directions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
本実施形態の排ガス脱硝装置10の構成について、図2~図4も参照しながら詳細に説明する。排ガス脱硝装置10は、容器11と、容器11内に設けられる混合室20および反応室25とを備えている。排ガス脱硝装置10は、排ガスを還元剤と混合させる部分と、還元剤と混合した排ガスを脱硝する部分とを一つの容器11内に設けたものである。
上記のように構成された排ガス脱硝装置10の動作について説明する。排ガス脱硝装置10では、エンジン1の各排気ポート1aから排出された排ガスが、上流側通路3および流入部12を介して容器11内の混合室20に流入(集合)する。その際、流入部12は内方端にいくに従って径が大きくなる円錐形状に形成されているため、排ガスは混合室20の広範にわたって流入する。
(NH2)2CO + H2O → 2NH3 + CO2 ・・・・式(1)
4NH3 + 4NO + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O ・・・・式(2)
2NH3 + NO + NO2 → 2N2 + 3H2O ・・・・式(3)
本変形例の排ガス脱硝装置10は、上記実施形態において混合室および後段側反応室の構成を図5および図6に示すように変更したものである。ここでは、上記実施形態と異なる点について説明する。
なお、本願に開示の技術は、上記実施形態およびその変形例において以下のような構成としてもよい。
10 排ガス脱硝装置
11 容器
20 混合室
26 前段側反応室(反応室)
27 後段側反応室(反応室)
28 触媒
29 触媒
31 後段側反応室(反応室)
32 触媒
X 軸心
Claims (5)
- 筒状の容器と、
前記容器内を前記容器の軸心方向と直交する方向に2つに区画したうちの一方が、前記容器の前記軸心方向の一端側から前記軸心方向の途中まで延びてなり、エンジンの複数の排気ポートから延びる複数の通路が接続されてエンジンの排ガスが流入する複数の流入部が前記軸心方向に並んで設けられ、触媒が配置されておらず、前記流入部から流入する排ガスと還元剤とが混合される混合室と、
前記2つに区画したうちの他方が、前記容器の前記軸心方向の一端側から前記軸心方向の途中まで延びてなり、前記混合室から流入した排ガスが通過する触媒が設けられた前段側反応室と、
前記容器内の前記軸心方向の他端側に形成され、前記軸心方向と直交する断面の面積が、前記前段側反応室の前記軸心方向と直交する断面の面積よりも大きく形成され、前記前段側反応室から流入した排ガスが通過する触媒が設けられた後段側反応室とを備えている
ことを特徴とする排ガス脱硝装置。 - 請求項1に記載の排ガス脱硝装置において、
前記後段側反応室は、前記前段側反応室の前記軸心方向の他端側と連通しており、
前記前段側反応室の前記他端側は、前記後段側反応室にいくに従って漸次拡がっている
ことを特徴とする排ガス脱硝装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載の排ガス脱硝装置において、
前記前段側反応室の触媒は、前記軸心方向に所定の間隔を置いて複数配置されている
ことを特徴とする排ガス脱硝装置。 - 請求項1に記載の排ガス脱硝装置において、
前記後段側反応室の触媒は、前記容器における前記軸心方向と直交する断面の略全体に設けられている
ことを特徴とする排ガス脱硝装置。 - 筒状の容器と、
前記容器内を前記容器の軸心方向と直交する方向に2つに区画したうちの一方が、前記容器の前記軸心方向の一端側から前記軸心方向の途中まで延びてなり、エンジンの排ガスが流入し還元剤と混合される混合室と、
前記2つに区画したうちの他方が、前記容器の前記軸心方向の一端側から前記軸心方向の途中まで延びてなり、前記混合室から流入した排ガスが通過する触媒が設けられた前段側反応室と、
前記容器内の前記軸心方向の他端側に形成され、前記軸心方向と直交する断面の面積が、前記前段側反応室の前記軸心方向と直交する断面の面積よりも大きく形成され、前記前段側反応室から流入した排ガスが通過する触媒が設けられた後段側反応室と、
前記混合室よりも前記軸心方向の他端側に配置され、前記混合室と連通し、隔壁を介して前記後段側反応室と仕切られた予熱空間とを備え、
前記後段側反応室における前記触媒は、前記隔壁に隣接して配置され、前記予熱空間の排ガスによって予熱される
ことを特徴とする排ガス脱硝装置。
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