JP7541508B2 - 操作された標的特異的な塩基エディター - Google Patents
操作された標的特異的な塩基エディター Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2018年8月23日に出願された米国仮出願第62/721,903号;2018年10月31日に出願された米国仮出願第62/753,696号;2019年3月12日に出願された米国仮出願第62/817,153号;および2019年6月27日に出願された米国仮出願第62/867,565号の利益を主張し、これらの開示は、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
本出願は、ASCIIフォーマットで電子的に提出された配列表を含み、これは、その全体が参照により組み入れられる。前記ASCIIコピーは、2019年8月20日に作成され、8325-0180-S180-PCT_SL.txtと名付けられ、225,507バイトのサイズである。
本方法の実施、ならびに、本明細書で開示される組成物の調製および使用は、別段の指定がない限り、当業界の技術範囲内の、分子生物学、生化学、クロマチン構造および分析、計算機化学、細胞培養、組換えDNAおよび関連分野における従来の技術を採用する。これらの技術は、文献で十分に説明されている。例えば、Sambrook et al. MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, Second edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989 and Third edition, 2001; Ausubel et al., CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987および定期的な改訂版; METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGYのシリーズ, Academic Press, San Diego; Wolffe, CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, Third edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 1998; METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, Vol. 304, "Chromatin" (P.M. Wassarman and A. P. Wolffe, eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, 1999;ならびにMETHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Vol. 119, "Chromatin Protocols" (P.B. Becker, ed.) Humana Press, Totowa, 1999を参照されたい。
用語「核酸」、「ポリヌクレオチド」、および「オリゴヌクレオチド」は、同義的に使用され、一本鎖または二本鎖の形態のいずれかの、直鎖状または環状のコンフォメーションでの、デオキシリボヌクレオチドまたはリボヌクレオチドポリマーを指す。本開示の目的のために、これらの用語は、ポリマーの長さに関する限定として解釈されないものとする。この用語は、天然ヌクレオチドの公知のアナログ、ならびに、塩基、糖および/またはリン酸部分(例えば、ホスホロチオエート主鎖)において改変されたヌクレオチドを包含し得る。一般的に、特定のヌクレオチドのアナログは、同じ塩基対合特異性を有し、すなわち、Aのアナログは、Tと塩基対合すると予想される。
本明細書に記載される塩基編集組成物(システム)は、二本鎖破断を誘発させずに個々のDNA塩基対の同一性を直接変更することができる。したがって、塩基エディターは、標的細胞に対するDNA修復経路の選好に依存しない。さらに、標的DNA中に二本鎖破断が生じないため、遊離のDNA末端がなく、したがって転移が起こらない。
あらゆる目的の遺伝子または遺伝子座における標的部位に特異的に結合する1つまたは複数のDNA結合分子/ドメインを含む組成物が本明細書に記載される。あらゆるDNA結合分子/ドメイン、これらに限定されないが、ジンクフィンガーDNA結合ドメイン、TALE DNA結合ドメイン、CRISPR/CasヌクレアーゼのDNAと結合する部分(ガイドまたはsgRNA)、および/またはメガヌクレアーゼ由来のDNA結合ドメインなどが、本明細書で開示される組成物および方法において使用することができる。
本明細書に記載されるDNA編集複合体は、本明細書に記載されるDNA結合ドメイン(例えば、ZFPまたはTALE、CRISPR/Cas成分、例えば単一ガイドRNA)および異種(機能性)ドメイン(またはその機能性フラグメント)を含む1つまたは複数の融合分子を含んでいてもよく、これらも提供される。
特定の実施形態において、融合タンパク質は、DNA結合ドメインおよび切断(ヌクレアーゼ)ドメイン、好ましくはニッカーゼドメインを含む。したがって、遺伝子編集は、ヌクレアーゼ、例えば操作されたニッカーゼを使用して達成することができる。操作されたヌクレアーゼ技術は、天然に存在するDNA結合タンパク質を操作することに基づく。例えば、適合させたDNA結合特異性を有するホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼの操作が記載されている。Chames, et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res 33(20):e178; Arnould, et al. (2006) J. Mol. Biol. 355:443-458。加えて、ZFPの操作も記載されている。例えば、米国特許第6,534,261号;6,607,882号;6,824,978号;6,979,539号;6,933,113号;7,163,824号;および7,013,219号を参照されたい。
本明細書に記載されるDNA編集複合体(またはその成分分子)は、あらゆる好適な手段によって、例えばタンパク質および/またはmRNA成分の注射などによって標的細胞にデリバリーすることができる。デリバリーは、あらゆる好適な手段を介した、単離された細胞へのデリバリーであってもよいし(これを順に、エクスビボでの細胞療法のために生きている対象に投与できる)、または生きている対象へのデリバリーであってもよい。細胞および対象への遺伝子編集分子のデリバリーは当業界において公知である。
疾患の処置および防止における操作されたDNA塩基エディター複合体の使用は、医学における著しい発展を提供する。本明細書に記載される方法および組成物は、所望の標的部位が確実に一次的な編集場所になるように、これらの新規のツールの特異性を増加させるのに役立つ。
ZFPの調製
特異的な標的部位に標的化されたZFPは、本質的に、Urnov, et al. (2005) Nature 435(7042):646-651, Perez, et al. (2008) Nature Biotechnology 26(7): 808-816、ならびに国際特許公開WO2016/183298およびWO2017/106528に記載された通りに設計され、プラスミドベクターに取り込まれる。米国特許第8,586,526号および9,873,894号に記載されるように、特異的な部位へのTALEおよびsgRNAも開発されている。
アデニン塩基エディター
分子のC末端側において突然変異したA1AT PiZ突然変異を標的化したZFP DNA結合ドメインに連結された緩いPAM要件を有するCas9変異体(SpCas9VRVRFRR_D10A;Nishimasu, et al. (2018) Science 361 :1259-1262またはxCas9、Hu, et al. (2018) Nature 556 :57-63を参照されたい)を使用してアデニン塩基エディターを構築した。隣接するDNA領域に結合するように設計された一連のZFP DNA結合ドメイン(実施例1を参照)を塩基エディターに取り込んだ(図2および7を参照)。3HAペプチドおよび2つのヌクレアーゼ局在化配列(NLS)を含むリンカーを使用して、ZFPをCas9に結合させた。リンカーの配列は、GTGGPKKKRKVYPYDVPDYAGYPYDVPDYAGSYPYDVPDYAGSAAPAAKKKKLDFESE(配列番号3)であった(Bolukbasi, et al. (2015) Nat Methods 12(12):1150-1156を参照)。次いでCas9を、N末端側で2つの大腸菌TadAアデニンデアミナーゼ(「ecTadA」;Kim, et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45:6407-6416)に連結させた。コンストラクト中において、TadAタンパク質の一方は野生型タンパク質であるが、他方は進化したバージョンであった(Gaudelli, et al. (2017) Nature 551 :464)。セリン-グリシンリッチなリンカーは、Cas9とTadAサブユニットとの間に2回使用され、配列:SGGSSGGSSGSETPGTSESATPESSGGSSGGS(配列番号2)を含んでいた。図3Aに、アデニン塩基エディター(ABE)の概略図を示す。一部の場合において、他のタイプのアデニンデアミナーゼが使用される。例えば、一部のコンストラクトにおいて、ABE7.10デアミナーゼまたはABEmaxアデニンデアミナーゼ(Koblan, et al. (2018) Nat Biotechnol. 36(9) :843-846)が使用される。
シチジン塩基エディター
CヌクレオチドをUに変換するためのシチジン塩基エディターは、アポリポタンパク質B mRNA編集酵素、触媒性ポリペプチド様(APOBEC)タンパク質を使用して構築される(Yang, et al. (2017) J Genet Genomics 44(9):423-437)。特に、シチジン塩基エディターは、シチジンデアミナーゼ、例えばアポリポタンパク質B mRNA編集酵素、触媒性ポリペプチド1またはAPOBEC-1を使用して作製される。AICDAおよびAIDとしても公知の、AICDA遺伝子によってコードされた活性化によって誘導されたシチジンデアミナーゼも、本明細書に記載されるシチジンデアミナーゼ塩基エディター中に含まれていてもよい。
追加の塩基エディター
追加のABEおよび/またはCBEが構築され、試験される。
Cas9非含有塩基エディター
Cas9非含有塩基エディターも構築され、評価される。コンストラクトは、上述したように使用される2つのTadAドメインを有する塩基エディターを含み、一方は、野生型であってもよく、もう一方は、進化したものであってもよく、これらは、ZFP DNA結合ドメインに連結されていてもよい。このアセンブリーは、単独で使用されるか、または次いで触媒的に不活性なFokIニッカーゼドメインに連結されていてもよい。活性なFokIドメインを含む別のベクターと組み合わせて使用される場合、アデニン塩基エディターは、塩基編集の修正を防ぐためにニッキング活性を有する。図1Dに、作製された他の非Cas塩基エディターを示す。
Claims (17)
- DNA中のアデニンまたはシトシン塩基を編集するためのシステムを発現するための1つまたは複数の発現ベクターであって、該システムが、
アデノシンまたはシチジンデアミナーゼの第1の不活性なドメインおよび第1のジンクフィンガータンパク質(ZFP)DNA結合ドメインを含む第1の融合タンパク質、
デアミナーゼの第2の不活性なドメイン、第2のZFP DNA結合ドメイン、および触媒的に活性または不活性なニッカーゼドメインを含む第2の融合タンパク質、および
触媒的に活性または不活性なニッカーゼドメインおよび第3のZFP DNA結合ドメインを含む第3の融合タンパク質
を含み、
デアミナーゼの第1および第2の不活性なドメインは、二量体化して活性なデアミナーゼを形成し、かつ
第2および第3の融合タンパク質は、触媒的に活性および不活性なニッカーゼドメインの二量体化を介して活性なニッカーゼを形成する、1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。 - 第2の融合タンパク質が、触媒的に活性なニッカーゼドメインを含み、かつ
第3の融合タンパク質が、触媒的に不活性なニッカーゼドメインを含む、
請求項1に記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。 - システムが、ウラシルDNAグリコシラーゼインヒビター(UGI)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- UGIが、融合タンパク質のNまたはC末端にある、請求項3に記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- 発現ベクターが、ウイルスベクター、プラスミドベクター、またはmRNAベクターである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- 発現ベクターが、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターである、請求項5に記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- DNA中の塩基を編集する際の使用のためのキットであって、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクターを含む、キット。
- 請求項7に記載のキットであって、1つまたは複数の発現ベクターが、1つまたは複数のプラスミド、ウイルス、またはmRNAベクターである、キット。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクターを含む細胞。
- 細胞におけるDNA中の塩基を編集する際の使用のための、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- 編集が、
(i)シトシン塩基をウラシル塩基に編集することであって、ウラシル塩基は、DNA複製中にチミン塩基で置き換えられてもよい、編集すること;または
(ii)アデニン塩基をヒポキサンチン塩基に編集することであって、ヒポキサンチン塩基は、複製中にグアニン塩基で置き換えられてもよい、編集すること
を含む、請求項10に記載の使用のための1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。 - 細胞における編集が、
(i)C:G塩基対を、T:A塩基対に変更すること;
(ii)A:T塩基対を、G:C塩基対に変更すること;
(iii)停止コドンの導入;および/または
(iv)スプライシング配列を編集する、もしくは作り出すこと
をもたらす、請求項10または11に記載の使用のための1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。 - 編集が、疾患突然変異を修正する、請求項10~12のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- エクソンが編集される、請求項10~13のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- 塩基が、細胞における染色体または染色体外エピソーム中にある、請求項10~14のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- 細胞が、編集を必要とする細胞であるかまたは編集を必要とする対象から得られる、請求項10~15のいずれか一項に記載の使用のための1つまたは複数の発現ベクター。
- 疾患を処置することを必要とする対象において疾患を処置する際の使用のための、請求項9に記載の細胞であって、細胞が対象に投与される、細胞。
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CN112867792A (zh) | 2021-05-28 |
CA3109592A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
JP2021536229A (ja) | 2021-12-27 |
WO2020041249A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
KR20210049124A (ko) | 2021-05-04 |
US11834686B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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