JP7523954B2 - Sound-absorbing panels and structures - Google Patents
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- JP7523954B2 JP7523954B2 JP2020095541A JP2020095541A JP7523954B2 JP 7523954 B2 JP7523954 B2 JP 7523954B2 JP 2020095541 A JP2020095541 A JP 2020095541A JP 2020095541 A JP2020095541 A JP 2020095541A JP 7523954 B2 JP7523954 B2 JP 7523954B2
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Landscapes
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Description
本発明は、音を吸収して低減する吸音パネル及び吸音構造に関する。 The present invention relates to sound-absorbing panels and sound-absorbing structures that absorb and reduce sound.
従来、車両などの走行に伴う騒音を低減させるために、高速道路又は鉄道の沿線、歩道と車道との間、及び中央分離帯等の防音壁に、多数の開口部を有する前面部と、遮音性を有する背面部とにより形成された中空内に吸音材が内装されてなる防音装置が用いられている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。このような防音装置は、高架橋及び橋梁の桁裏面に取付けられて桁裏面の騒音を低減させるための桁裏面吸音板として用いられ、さらに掘割道路等の防音設備として用いられている。図５は特許文献１に示された従来の防音装置の斜視図であり、特許文献１には、「ほぼ全面に穿設された多数のパンチング孔によって開口部１１が形成された前面部１と、遮音性を有する背面部２とによって形成された中空内に、吸音材３が内装され、そして前記前面部１の開口率は、１５～５０％となされ、且つ前面部１と吸音材３との間に奥行き寸法５～５０ｍｍの前面空気層４が形成され、背面部２と吸音材３との間に奥行き寸法５～５０ｍｍの背面空気層５が形成されているものである。」と開示されている(特許文献１段落［００２６］)。 Conventionally, in order to reduce noise caused by the movement of vehicles, etc., soundproofing devices have been used in soundproofing walls along expressways or railways, between sidewalks and roadways, and in median strips, etc., in which sound-absorbing material is installed inside a hollow space formed by a front part with multiple openings and a back part with sound insulation properties (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Such soundproofing devices are used as girder back sound-absorbing panels attached to the back side of girders of viaducts and bridges to reduce noise on the back side of the girders, and are also used as soundproofing equipment for trench roads, etc. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a conventional soundproofing device shown in Patent Document 1, which discloses that "sound-absorbing material 3 is installed inside a hollow space formed by a front portion 1 having openings 11 formed by numerous punched holes drilled over almost the entire surface, and a rear portion 2 having sound insulation properties, and the opening ratio of the front portion 1 is set to 15-50%, and a front air layer 4 having a depth dimension of 5-50 mm is formed between the front portion 1 and the sound-absorbing material 3, and a rear air layer 5 having a depth dimension of 5-50 mm is formed between the rear portion 2 and the sound-absorbing material 3" (Patent Document 1, paragraph [0026]).
特許文献１に記載の防音装置を用いることによって、騒音は低減されていたが、近年鉄道車両の軽量化、高速化が進んでおり、結果として車両から発生する騒音の音圧レベルが増加する傾向にあり、鉄道および道路沿線の環境保全の観点からより高い騒音低減効果をもつ吸音パネル及び吸音構造が求められている。
機械的強度が低い一般的な吸音材を吸音パネルとして利用するために金属などでできた筐体に内蔵すると、非吸音材である筐体表面、とりわけ開口部を有する正面板の非開口部分において音の反射が発生することによって高周波領域の吸音性能が低下する問題が発生する。
Noise has been reduced by using the soundproofing device described in Patent Document 1, but in recent years, railway vehicles have become lighter and faster, and as a result, the sound pressure level of noise generated by the vehicles has tended to increase. From the perspective of environmental conservation along railways and roads, there is a demand for sound-absorbing panels and sound-absorbing structures with a higher noise reduction effect.
When ordinary sound-absorbing materials with low mechanical strength are incorporated into a housing made of metal or other materials in order to be used as sound-absorbing panels, a problem occurs in which sound reflection occurs on the surface of the housing, which is made of non-sound-absorbing material, particularly on the non-opening parts of the front panel that has openings, resulting in a decrease in sound absorption performance in the high frequency range.
そこで、本発明は、正面板で発生する高周波領域の吸音性能の低下を低減することが可能な吸音パネル及び吸音構造を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a sound-absorbing panel and sound-absorbing structure that can reduce the deterioration of sound absorption performance in the high frequency range generated by the front panel.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものであり、本発明の要旨は、以下のとおりである。
［１］開口部を有する正面板と、前記正面板により形成される中空部に設けられた吸音材とを備え、前記正面板の全体面積に占める前記開口部の合算面積の割合を示す開口面積比率が８５％以上である、吸音パネル。
［２］前記正面板における前記開口部以外の非開口部は、前記開口部を横切る方向における連続する長さが、前記開口部を横切る方向の前記正面板の全長に対して５％以下である、［１］に記載の吸音パネル。
［３］［１］又は［２］に記載の吸音パネルと、前記吸音パネルが設置される壁面とを備える、吸音構造。
［４］前記壁面は、吸音材を備えていない、［３］に記載の吸音構造。
［５］［１］又は［２］に記載の吸音パネルと、前記吸音パネルが設置される複数の立設された支柱とを備え、前記吸音パネルの正面板のうち前記支柱によって覆い隠されない全体面積に占める、前記支柱によって覆い隠されない前記開口部の合算面積の割合を示す開口面積比率が９０％以上である、吸音構造。
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] A sound-absorbing panel comprising a front panel having an opening and a sound-absorbing material provided in a hollow portion formed by the front panel, the opening area ratio indicating the proportion of the combined area of the openings to the total area of the front panel being 85% or more.
[2] The sound-absorbing panel described in [1], wherein the continuous length of non-openings in the front panel other than the openings in the direction crossing the openings is 5% or less of the total length of the front panel in the direction crossing the openings.
[3] A sound-absorbing structure comprising the sound-absorbing panel according to [1] or [2] and a wall surface on which the sound-absorbing panel is installed.
[4] The sound-absorbing structure according to [3], wherein the wall surface is not provided with a sound-absorbing material.
[5] A sound-absorbing structure comprising the sound-absorbing panel according to [1] or [2] and a plurality of upright supports on which the sound-absorbing panel is mounted, wherein the opening area ratio, which indicates the proportion of the combined area of the openings that are not obscured by the supports to the entire area of the front panel of the sound-absorbing panel that is not obscured by the supports, is 90% or more.
本発明によれば、正面板で発生する高周波領域の吸音性能の低下を低減する吸音パネル及び吸音構造を提供できる。 The present invention provides a sound-absorbing panel and sound-absorbing structure that reduces the deterioration of sound-absorbing performance in the high frequency range generated by the front panel.
以下、本発明について実施形態を用いてより詳細に説明する。 The present invention will be described in more detail below using an embodiment.
［吸音パネル］
本発明の実施形態に係る吸音パネル１は、図１に示すように、開口部１１１，１１２，・・・，１１ｎ（ｎは自然数）を有する正面板１０と、正面板１０により形成される中空部に設けられた吸音材２０とを備え、正面板１０の全体面積Ａに占める開口部１１１，１１２，・・・，１１ｎの合算面積ａ１＋ａ２＋・・・＋ａｎの割合を示す開口面積比率Ｒが８５％以上である。
開口面積比率Ｒは、以下の式（１）により算出される。
Ｒ（％）＝（ａ１＋ａ２＋・・・＋ａｎ）／Ａ×１００ ・・・（１）
[Sound absorbing panel]
As shown in Figure 1, a sound-absorbing panel 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a front panel 10 having openings 111 , 112 , ..., 11n (n is a natural number) and a sound-absorbing material 20 provided in a hollow portion formed by the front panel 10, and the opening area ratio R, which indicates the proportion of the combined area a1 + a2 + ... + an of the openings 111 , 112 , ..., 11n to the overall area A of the front panel 10, is 85% or more.
The opening area ratio R is calculated by the following formula (1).
R (%)=(a 1 +a 2 +...+a n )/A×100...(1)
開口面積比率Ｒは、８５％未満であると、２，０００～４，０００Ｈｚの高周波領域における騒音を低減させる性能が低下する。低周波領域における騒音は、開口面積比率Ｒが８５％未満であっても、波長が長いために音が回折し、開口している部分から吸音材２０へ侵入することができる。しかし、高周波領域における騒音は、波長が短く、直進性が高いため、開口面積比率Ｒが８５％未満であると、開口している部分から吸音材２０へ侵入することが困難となり、吸音性能が低下する。上記観点から、開口面積比率Ｒは、８６％以上であることが好ましく、９０％以上であることがより好ましく、９４％以上であることがさらに好ましい。
開口面積比率Ｒの上限は特に制限されないが、吸音材２０を吸音パネル１の中空部に保持する観点から、１００％未満であることが好ましい。
If the opening area ratio R is less than 85%, the performance of reducing noise in the high frequency range of 2,000 to 4,000 Hz is reduced. Even if the opening area ratio R is less than 85%, noise in the low frequency range has a long wavelength, so the sound is diffracted and can penetrate into the sound absorbing material 20 from the opening. However, since noise in the high frequency range has a short wavelength and is highly rectilinear, if the opening area ratio R is less than 85%, it becomes difficult for the noise to penetrate into the sound absorbing material 20 from the opening, and the sound absorbing performance is reduced. From the above viewpoint, the opening area ratio R is preferably 86% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 94% or more.
There is no particular upper limit to the opening area ratio R, but from the viewpoint of holding the sound-absorbing material 20 in the hollow portion of the sound-absorbing panel 1, it is preferable that the upper limit be less than 100%.
正面板１０における開口部以外の非開口部１２ａ，１２ｂは、開口部を横切る方向における連続する長さが、開口部を横切る方向の正面板１０の全長に対して５％以下であることが好ましく、４％以下であることがより好ましく、３％以下であることがさらに好ましい。具体的には、開口部ａ１，ａ２を横切る方向が、図１におけるＸ軸方向である場合、非開口部１２ａのＸ軸方向に連続する長さが上記上限値以下であればよい。また、開口部ａ１，ａ２を横切る方向が、図１におけるＹ軸方向である場合、非開口部１２ｂのＹ軸方向に連続する長さが上記上限値以下であればよい。開口部ａ１，ａ２を横切る方向における連続する長さが上記上限値以下であることで、開口部ａ１，ａ２の偏りがなくなり、開口している部分から吸音材２０へ侵入する音の偏りがなくなるので、吸音材２０が効率よく音を吸音することができ、吸音効果を向上させることができる。 The continuous length of the non-openings 12a and 12b other than the openings in the front panel 10 in the direction crossing the openings is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 4% or less, and even more preferably 3% or less, of the total length of the front panel 10 in the direction crossing the openings. Specifically, when the direction crossing the openings a1 and a2 is the X-axis direction in FIG. 1, the continuous length of the non-openings 12a in the X-axis direction may be equal to or less than the upper limit value. Also, when the direction crossing the openings a1 and a2 is the Y-axis direction in FIG. 1, the continuous length of the non-openings 12b in the Y-axis direction may be equal to or less than the upper limit value. By having the continuous length in the direction crossing the openings a1 and a2 be equal to or less than the upper limit value, the openings a1 and a2 are not biased, and the sound entering the sound absorbing material 20 from the open portion is not biased, so that the sound absorbing material 20 can efficiently absorb sound, improving the sound absorbing effect.
正面板１０は吸音材２０を収納する筐体の一部であり、正面板１０としては、開口部１１１，１１２，・・・，１１ｎを有するものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、パンチングメタル、ルーバー及びガラリ等の板材を採用することができる。
正面板１０の材質としては、剛性及び耐久性を有する材質を採用することができ、例えば、金属、樹脂及び木製合板等が挙げられる。正面板１０の材質として、耐久性の面からは、金属が好ましく、中でも、高耐食性めっき鋼板及び溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板等のめっき鋼板が好ましい。高耐食性めっき鋼板として、具体的には、スーパーダイマ鋼板（登録商標）及びＺＡＭ（登録商標）鋼板等が挙げられる正面板１０は、耐食性を向上させるための塗装等を施してもよい。
The front panel 10 is part of a housing that houses the sound-absorbing material 20, and the front panel 10 is not particularly limited as long as it has openings 11 1 , 11 2 , ..., 11 n , and for example, plate materials such as punched metal, louvers, and grilles can be used.
The material of the front plate 10 may be a material having rigidity and durability, such as metal, resin, and wooden plywood. In terms of durability, metal is preferable as the material of the front plate 10, and among them, plated steel sheets such as highly corrosion-resistant plated steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets are preferable. Specific examples of highly corrosion-resistant plated steel sheets include Superdyma steel sheets (registered trademark) and ZAM steel sheets (registered trademark). The front plate 10 may be coated with paint to improve corrosion resistance.
正面板１０の厚みは、０．４ｍｍ以上２．３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、０．６ｍｍ以上１．６ｍｍ以下であることがより好ましく、１．０ｍｍ以上１．６ｍｍ以下であることがさらに好ましい。正面板１０の厚みが上記範囲内であることで、剛性及び耐久性を有する吸音パネル１とすることができる。 The thickness of the front panel 10 is preferably 0.4 mm to 2.3 mm, more preferably 0.6 mm to 1.6 mm, and even more preferably 1.0 mm to 1.6 mm. By having the thickness of the front panel 10 within the above range, the sound-absorbing panel 1 can be made to have rigidity and durability.
開口部１１１，１１２，・・・，１１ｎは、単数であってもよく、複数であってもよい。開口部が単数である場合のｎは１であり、開口部が複数である場合のｎは開口部の個数を示す。
開口部１１１，１１２，・・・，１１ｎの形状は、角孔、丸孔及び長孔等のいずれであってもよい。
The openings 11 1 , 11 2 , ..., 11 n may be singular or plural. When there is a singular opening, n is 1, and when there are a plurality of openings, n indicates the number of openings.
The openings 11 1 , 11 2 , . . . , 11 n may have any shape, such as a square hole, a round hole, or a long hole.
吸音材２０は、正面板１０により形成される中空部を充填する。つまり、吸音材２０によって、吸音パネル１の内部が充填されることになり、吸音パネル１と車輌等の音源との間で発生する多重反射を吸音することで防音効果が大きくなる。 The sound-absorbing material 20 fills the hollow space formed by the front panel 10. In other words, the inside of the sound-absorbing panel 1 is filled with the sound-absorbing material 20, and the sound-proofing effect is increased by absorbing the multiple reflections that occur between the sound-absorbing panel 1 and a sound source such as a vehicle.
吸音材２０の材質は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えばグラスウール、ロックウール、合成繊維及び金属繊維等の乾式材料、並びに、ウレタンフォーム及びパテ等の湿式材料が挙げられる。吸音材２０の材質は、乾式材料又は湿式材料を単体で用いてもよく、乾式材料及び湿式材料を組み合わせて用いてもよい。乾式材料のうち、グラスウール等の水分を含むと変形するものは、撥水性のものを用いることが好ましい。 The material of the sound-absorbing material 20 is not particularly limited, but examples include dry materials such as glass wool, rock wool, synthetic fibers, and metal fibers, as well as wet materials such as urethane foam and putty. The material of the sound-absorbing material 20 may be a dry material or a wet material used alone, or a combination of dry and wet materials. Of the dry materials, it is preferable to use water-repellent materials such as glass wool, which deform when it absorbs moisture.
吸音材２０の乾式材料の密度は、２４ｋｇ／ｍ３以上６４ｋｇ／ｍ３以下であることが好ましく、２４ｋｇ／ｍ３以上４８ｋｇ／ｍ３以下であることがより好ましく、２４ｋｇ／ｍ３以上３２ｋｇ／ｍ３以下であることがさらに好ましい。吸音材２０の乾式材料の密度が上記範囲内であることで、吸音効果と吸音パネル１の軽量化とを両立させることができる。 The density of the dry material of the sound-absorbing material 20 is preferably 24 kg/ m3 or more and 64 kg/ m3 or less, more preferably 24 kg/ m3 or more and 48 kg/ m3 or less, and even more preferably 24 kg/ m3 or more and 32 kg/ m3 or less. When the density of the dry material of the sound-absorbing material 20 is within the above range, it is possible to achieve both a sound absorbing effect and a lightweight sound-absorbing panel 1.
吸音材２０の湿式材料の密度は、２０ｋｇ／ｍ３以上２００ｋｇ／ｍ３以下であることが好ましく、２５ｋｇ／ｍ３以上１００ｋｇ／ｍ３以下であることがより好ましく、３０ｋｇ／ｍ３以上８０ｋｇ／ｍ３以下であることがさらに好ましい。吸音材２０の湿式材料の密度が上記範囲内であることで、吸音効果と吸音パネル１の軽量化とを両立させることができる。 The density of the wet material of the sound-absorbing material 20 is preferably 20 kg/ m3 or more and 200 kg/ m3 or less, more preferably 25 kg/ m3 or more and 100 kg/ m3 or less, and even more preferably 30 kg/ m3 or more and 80 kg/ m3 or less. When the density of the wet material of the sound-absorbing material 20 is within the above range, it is possible to achieve both a sound absorbing effect and a lightweight sound-absorbing panel 1.
吸音材２０の厚みは、２５ｍｍ以上１５０ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、５０ｍｍ以上１２５ｍｍ以下であることがより好ましく、５０ｍｍ以上１００ｍｍ以下であることがさらに好ましい。吸音材２０の厚みが上記範囲内であることで、吸音効果を向上させることができる。 The thickness of the sound-absorbing material 20 is preferably 25 mm or more and 150 mm or less, more preferably 50 mm or more and 125 mm or less, and even more preferably 50 mm or more and 100 mm or less. By keeping the thickness of the sound-absorbing material 20 within the above range, the sound-absorbing effect can be improved.
吸音材２０は、撥水性又は防水性を有するクロス及びフィルムのいずれかによりなる保護材で覆われていることが好ましい。吸音材２０が、撥水性又は防水性を有するクロス及びフィルムのいずれかによりなる保護材で覆われていることで、吸音材２０に撥水性又は防水性を付与することができ、水分を含むことによる変形を防止し、耐久性を向上させることができる。また、保護材で吸音材２０を覆うことで、吸音材２０の飛散を防止することができ、吸音材２０の密度及び厚み等を制御することが用意となる。保護材としては、例えば、ガラスクロス、ポリフッ化ビニールフイルム及び四フッ化フロロエチレンフイルム等が挙げられる。保護材の厚みは、吸音材２０を覆って保持することが可能であれば特に限定されないが、０．０１～１ｍｍ程度であることが好ましい。
なお、ガラスクロスは、特に限定されるものではないが、性能と飛散防止性能とのバランスから目の密度及び厚みがＥＰ１２Ｄ相当からＥＰ１８Ｂ相当（ＪＩＳ Ｒ ３４１４：２０１２）の範囲にあるものであることが好ましい。
The sound absorbing material 20 is preferably covered with a protective material made of either a water repellent or waterproof cloth or film. By covering the sound absorbing material 20 with a protective material made of either a water repellent or waterproof cloth or film, the sound absorbing material 20 can be given water repellency or waterproofness, deformation due to moisture absorption can be prevented, and durability can be improved. In addition, by covering the sound absorbing material 20 with a protective material, scattering of the sound absorbing material 20 can be prevented, and the density and thickness of the sound absorbing material 20 can be easily controlled. Examples of the protective material include glass cloth, polyvinyl fluoride film, and fluoroethylene tetrafluoride film. The thickness of the protective material is not particularly limited as long as it can cover and hold the sound absorbing material 20, but it is preferably about 0.01 to 1 mm.
The glass cloth is not particularly limited, but in terms of the balance between performance and shatterproof performance, it is preferable that the mesh density and thickness are in the range of EP12D equivalent to EP18B equivalent (JIS R 3414:2012).
本実施形態に係る吸音パネルによれば、筐体に収納された吸音材が本来保有する吸音性能に近い吸音性能を発揮可能となり、特に、高周波領域における騒音を十分に低減することができる。 The sound-absorbing panel according to this embodiment is capable of providing sound-absorbing performance close to that inherent to the sound-absorbing material contained in the housing, and can adequately reduce noise, particularly in the high-frequency range.
［第１の吸音構造］
本発明の実施形態に係る第１の吸音構造は、吸音パネル１と、吸音パネル１が設置される壁面とを備える。
[First sound absorbing structure]
A first sound absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a sound absorbing panel 1 and a wall surface on which the sound absorbing panel 1 is installed.
吸音パネル１の正面板１０と壁面との組み合わせにより形成される中空部には、上述の吸音材２０を配置することができる。 The above-mentioned sound-absorbing material 20 can be placed in the hollow space formed by combining the front plate 10 of the sound-absorbing panel 1 with the wall surface.
吸音パネル１は、高架橋、橋梁、掘割道路及び構造物の壁面に設置されて吸音構造を構成する。吸音パネル１を設置する壁面は、上述した吸音材２０を備えていない鉄板及びコンクリート壁等の既存のものを採用することができる。また、吸音パネル１を設置する壁面は、騒音の透過損失が要求される場合は、要求される透過損失を満足させるために、上述した吸音材２０を備えるものを使用することもできる。 The sound-absorbing panel 1 is installed on the wall surfaces of viaducts, bridges, trench roads, and structures to form a sound-absorbing structure. The wall surface on which the sound-absorbing panel 1 is installed can be an existing one such as a steel plate or concrete wall that does not have the above-mentioned sound-absorbing material 20. In addition, if a noise transmission loss is required, the wall surface on which the sound-absorbing panel 1 is installed can also be one that has the above-mentioned sound-absorbing material 20 in order to satisfy the required transmission loss.
［第２の吸音構造］
本発明の実施形態に係る第２の吸音構造は、図２に示すように、吸音パネル１と、吸音パネル１が設置される複数の立設された支柱３０とを備え、吸音パネル１の正面板２０のうち支柱３０によって覆い隠されない全体面積Ａ’に占める、支柱３０によって覆い隠されない開口部１１１，１１２，・・・，１１ｎの合算面積ａ１’＋ａ２’＋・・・＋ａｎ’の割合を示す開口面積比率が９０％以上である。
開口面積比率Ｒ’は、以下の式（２）により算出される。
Ｒ’（％）＝（ａ１’＋ａ２’＋・・・＋ａｎ’）／Ａ’×１００ ・・・（２）
[Second sound absorbing structure]
As shown in Figure 2, a second sound-absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a sound-absorbing panel 1 and a plurality of upright supports 30 on which the sound-absorbing panel 1 is mounted, and the opening area ratio, which indicates the proportion of the combined area a1 '+ a2 '+...+an' of openings 111 , 112 , ..., 11n that are not covered by the supports 30 to the overall area A' of the front panel 20 of the sound-absorbing panel 1 that is not covered by the supports 30, is 90% or more.
The opening area ratio R′ is calculated by the following formula (2).
R' (%) = ( a1 '+ a2 '+...+ an ')/A'×100...(2)
第２の吸音構造の吸音パネル１は、立設された支柱３０間に設けられることによって、支柱３０によって覆い隠される非開口部分が増加することになり、支柱３０を除いた部分の吸音パネル１に要求される開口面積比率Ｒ’は第２の実施形態における吸音パネル１より大きくなる。
以上より、開口面積比率Ｒ’は、支柱のサイズに依存するが、９０％未満であると、２，０００～４，０００Ｈｚの高周波領域における騒音を低減させる性能が低下する。低周波領域における騒音は、開口面積比率Ｒ’が９０％未満であっても、波長が長いために音が回折し、開口している部分から吸音材２０へ侵入することができる。しかし、高周波領域における騒音は、波長が短く、直進性が高いため、開口面積比率Ｒ’が９０％未満であると、開口している部分から吸音材２０へ侵入することが困難となり、吸音性能が低下する。上記観点から、開口面積比率Ｒ’は、９２％以上であることが好ましく、９３％以上であることがより好ましく、９４％以上であることがさらに好ましい。開口面積比率Ｒ’の上限は特に制限されないが、吸音材２０を吸音パネル１の中空部に保持する観点から、１００％未満であることが好ましい。
Since the sound-absorbing panel 1 of the second sound-absorbing structure is installed between upright supports 30, the non-opening portion that is covered by the supports 30 increases, and the opening area ratio R' required for the sound-absorbing panel 1 excluding the supports 30 becomes larger than that of the sound-absorbing panel 1 in the second embodiment.
From the above, although the opening area ratio R' depends on the size of the support, if it is less than 90%, the performance of reducing noise in the high frequency range of 2,000 to 4,000 Hz is reduced. Even if the opening area ratio R' is less than 90%, noise in the low frequency range can be diffracted due to its long wavelength and can penetrate into the sound absorbing material 20 from the opening. However, since noise in the high frequency range has a short wavelength and is highly linear, if the opening area ratio R' is less than 90%, it becomes difficult for the noise to penetrate into the sound absorbing material 20 from the opening, and the sound absorbing performance is reduced. From the above viewpoint, the opening area ratio R' is preferably 92% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and even more preferably 94% or more. There is no particular upper limit to the opening area ratio R', but from the viewpoint of holding the sound absorbing material 20 in the hollow part of the sound absorbing panel 1, it is preferable that it is less than 100%.
以下に実施例を用いて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
なお、本発明における吸音パネルの評価方法は以下のとおりである。
The present invention will be described in more detail below using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The sound absorbing panel of the present invention was evaluated in the following manner.
＜評価基準＞
平成７年度建設技術評価制度（国土交通省）公募課題「騒音低減効果の大きい吸音板の開発」で規定された吸音性能試験方法（斜入射吸音率法）で得られる平均斜入射吸音率に関する評価基準を表１に示す。
<Evaluation criteria>
Table 1 shows the evaluation criteria for the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient obtained by the sound absorption performance test method (oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient method) specified in the publicly solicited project "Development of sound-absorbing panels with high noise reduction effects" of the 1995 Construction Technology Evaluation System (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism).
［実施例１－１］
（吸音パネル）
開口面積比率が１００％、厚み１．２ｍｍ、高さ方向の寸法４８０ｍｍ、幅方向の寸法１，６０５ｍｍの正面板（ＺＡＭ（登録商標）鋼板、日鉄日新製鋼社製）を２０枚用意した。
正面板と壁面（床面）とにより形成される中空部を吸音材（グラスウール、マグ・イゾベール株式会社製）で充填した。吸音材の密度は３２ｋｇ／ｍ３とし、吸音材の厚みは１００ｍｍとした。
実施例１－１の吸音パネルについて、斜入射吸音率法で得られる平均斜入射吸音率の結果を表２及び図３のグラフに示す。
[Example 1-1]
(sound absorbing panel)
Twenty front plates (ZAM (registered trademark) steel plate, manufactured by Nippon Steel Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd.) with an opening area ratio of 100%, a thickness of 1.2 mm, a height dimension of 480 mm, and a width dimension of 1,605 mm were prepared.
The hollow space formed by the front panel and the wall surface (floor surface) was filled with a sound absorbing material (glass wool, manufactured by Mag Isover Co., Ltd.) The density of the sound absorbing material was 32 kg/ m3 , and the thickness of the sound absorbing material was 100 mm.
For the sound absorbing panel of Example 1-1, the results of the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient obtained by the oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient method are shown in Table 2 and in the graph of FIG.
［実施例１－２］
実施例１－１において、開口面積比率を９５％に変更した以外は実施例１－１と同様に吸音パネルを得た。
実施例１－２の吸音パネルについて、斜入射吸音率法で得られる平均斜入射吸音率の結果を表２及び図３のグラフに示す。
[Example 1-2]
A sound-absorbing panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the opening area ratio was changed to 95%.
For the sound absorbing panel of Example 1-2, the results of the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient obtained by the oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient method are shown in Table 2 and in the graph of FIG.
［実施例１－３］
実施例１－１において、開口面積比率を９０％に変更した以外は実施例１－１と同様に吸音パネルを得た。
実施例１－３の吸音パネルについて、斜入射吸音率法で得られる平均斜入射吸音率の結果を表２及び図３のグラフに示す。
[Examples 1-3]
A sound-absorbing panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the opening area ratio was changed to 90%.
For the sound absorbing panels of Examples 1-3, the results of the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient obtained by the oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient method are shown in Table 2 and in the graph of FIG.
［実施例１－４］
実施例１－１において、開口面積比率を８５％に変更した以外は実施例１－１と同様に吸音パネルを得た。
実施例１－４の吸音パネルについて、斜入射吸音率法で得られる平均斜入射吸音率の結果を表２及び図３のグラフに示す。
[Examples 1 to 4]
A sound-absorbing panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the opening area ratio was changed to 85%.
For the sound absorbing panels of Examples 1-4, the results of the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient obtained by the oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient method are shown in Table 2 and in the graph of FIG.
［比較例１－１］
実施例１－１において、開口面積比率を８０％に変更した以外は実施例１－１と同様に吸音パネルを得た。
比較例１－１の吸音パネルについて、斜入射吸音率法で得られる平均斜入射吸音率の結果を表２及び図３のグラフに示す。
[Comparative Example 1-1]
A sound-absorbing panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the opening area ratio was changed to 80%.
For the sound absorbing panel of Comparative Example 1-1, the results of the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient obtained by the oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient method are shown in Table 2 and the graph of FIG.
［比較例１－２］
実施例１－１において、開口面積比率を７５％に変更した以外は実施例１－１と同様に吸音パネルを得た。
比較例１－２の吸音パネルについて、斜入射吸音率法で得られる平均斜入射吸音率の結果を表２及び図３のグラフに示す。
[Comparative Example 1-2]
A sound-absorbing panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the opening area ratio was changed to 75%.
For the sound absorbing panel of Comparative Example 1-2, the results of the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient obtained by the oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient method are shown in Table 2 and the graph of FIG.
表１及び表２より、開口面積比率Ｒが８５％未満であると、高架道路の裏面に設置される吸音パネルに要求される平均斜入射吸音率０．９０以上を満たさなくなった。また、図３のグラフより、開口面積比率は、８５％未満であると、２，０００～４，０００Ｈｚの高周波領域における騒音を低減させる性能が低下した。 From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that when the opening area ratio R is less than 85%, the average oblique incidence sound absorption coefficient of 0.90 or more required for sound-absorbing panels installed on the underside of elevated roads is no longer met. Also, from the graph in Figure 3, it can be seen that when the opening area ratio is less than 85%, the performance of reducing noise in the high frequency range of 2,000 to 4,000 Hz is reduced.
［実施例２－１］
（吸音パネル）
厚み１．２ｍｍ、高さ方向の寸法４８５ｍｍ、幅方向の寸法１，７６５ｍｍの正面板（ＺＡＭ（登録商標）、日鉄日新製鋼社製）を１４枚用意し、縦に７行、横に２列として並べた。正面板における開口部以外の非開口部は、開口部を横切る方向における連続する長さが、開口部を横切る方向の正面板の全長である４８５ｍｍに対して５％である２４．３ｍｍを繰り返して配置し、開口面積比率を８５％とした。
正面板と背面部となる床面とにより形成される中空部を吸音材（グラスウール、マグ・イゾベール株式会社製）で充填した。吸音材の密度は３２ｋｇ／ｍ３とし、吸音材の厚みは５０ｍｍとした。
実施例２－１の吸音パネルについて、残響室法吸音率法で得られる吸音率の結果を図４のグラフに示す。また、実施例２－１の吸音パネルについて、４００～４,０００[Ｈｚ]における平均吸音率を表３に示す。
[Example 2-1]
(sound absorbing panel)
Fourteen front panels (ZAM (registered trademark), manufactured by Nippon Steel Corporation) with a thickness of 1.2 mm, height dimension of 485 mm, and width dimension of 1,765 mm were prepared and arranged in seven rows and two columns. The non-openings in the front panel other than the openings were arranged so that the continuous length in the direction crossing the openings was 24.3 mm, which is 5% of the total length of the front panel in the direction crossing the openings, 485 mm, and the opening area ratio was 85%.
The hollow space formed by the front panel and the floor surface serving as the rear portion was filled with sound-absorbing material (glass wool, manufactured by Mag Isover Co., Ltd.). The density of the sound-absorbing material was 32 kg/ m3 , and the thickness of the sound-absorbing material was 50 mm.
The sound absorption coefficient results obtained by the reverberation room sound absorption coefficient method for the sound absorbing panel of Example 2-1 are shown in the graph of Figure 4. In addition, the average sound absorption coefficient at 400 to 4,000 [Hz] for the sound absorbing panel of Example 2-1 is shown in Table 3.
［比較例２－１］
実施例２－１において、正面板における開口部以外の非開口部は、開口部を横切る方向における連続する長さが、開口部を横切る方向の正面板の全長である４８５ｍｍに対して１０％である４８．５ｍｍに変更し、開口面積比率を８５％で同じとした以外は実施例２－１と同様に吸音パネルを得た。
比較例２－１の吸音パネルについて、残響室法吸音率法で得られる吸音率の結果を図４のグラフに示す。また、比較例２－１の吸音パネルについて、４００～４,０００[Ｈｚ]における平均吸音率を表３に示す。
[Comparative Example 2-1]
In Example 2-1, the continuous length of the non-openings other than the openings in the front panel in the direction across the openings was changed to 48.5 mm, which is 10% of the total length of the front panel in the direction across the openings, which is 485 mm, and the opening area ratio was kept the same at 85%, but a sound-absorbing panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
The sound absorption coefficient results obtained by the reverberation room sound absorption coefficient method for the sound absorbing panel of Comparative Example 2-1 are shown in the graph of Figure 4. In addition, the average sound absorption coefficient at 400 to 4,000 [Hz] for the sound absorbing panel of Comparative Example 2-1 is shown in Table 3.
［比較例２－２］
実施例２－１において、正面板における開口部以外の非開口部は、開口部を横切る方向における連続する長さが、開口部を横切る方向の正面板の全長である４８５ｍｍに対して１５％である７２．８ｍｍに変更し、開口面積比率を８５％で同じとした以外は実施例２－１と同様に吸音パネルを得た。
比較例２－２の吸音パネルについて、残響室法吸音率法で得られる吸音率の結果を図４のグラフに示す。また、比較例２－２の吸音パネルについて、４００～４,０００[Ｈｚ]における平均吸音率を表３に示す。
[Comparative Example 2-2]
In Example 2-1, the continuous length of the non-openings other than the openings in the front panel in the direction across the openings was changed to 72.8 mm, which is 15% of the total length of the front panel in the direction across the openings, which was 485 mm, and the opening area ratio was kept the same at 85%, but otherwise a sound-absorbing panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
The sound absorption coefficient results obtained by the reverberation room sound absorption coefficient method for the sound absorbing panel of Comparative Example 2-2 are shown in the graph of Figure 4. In addition, the average sound absorption coefficient at 400 to 4,000 [Hz] for the sound absorbing panel of Comparative Example 2-2 is shown in Table 3.
図４のグラフより、開口面積比率が同等の場合でも、実施例２－１の開口部の偏りがない場合の方が、比較例２－１、比較例２－２の開口部の偏りがある場合より吸音性能が高くなった。 The graph in Figure 4 shows that even when the opening area ratio is the same, Example 2-1, where there is no bias in the openings, has better sound absorption performance than Comparative Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-2, where there is bias in the openings.
表３より、開口面積比率Ｒが同様の場合でも、非開口部の連続する長さが増加すると、吸音率が低下することが分かる。また、表３より、非開口部の連続する長さが５％未満であると、４００～４，０００Ｈｚにおける平均吸音率が１．０を超える非常に高い吸音効果を発揮できる。 From Table 3, it can be seen that even when the opening area ratio R is the same, as the length of continuous non-openings increases, the sound absorption coefficient decreases. Also, from Table 3, it can be seen that when the length of continuous non-openings is less than 5%, a very high sound absorption effect can be achieved, with an average sound absorption coefficient of over 1.0 at 400 to 4,000 Hz.
１ 吸音パネル
１０ 正面板
１１ 開口部
１２ 非開口部
２０ 吸音材
３０ 支柱
Reference Signs List 1: Sound-absorbing panel 10: Front panel 11: Opening 12: Non-opening 20: Sound-absorbing material 30: Support
Claims (8)
前記正面板により形成される中空部に設けられた吸音材とを備え、
前記正面板の全体面積に占める前記開口部の合算面積の割合を示す開口面積比率が８５％以上であり、
前記正面板は、前記開口部を有するパンチングメタル、ルーバー及びガラリの群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であり、
前記正面板の前記開口部を有する面の法線方向に見た場合において、前記正面板の少なくとも前記開口部に対応する前記中空部に前記吸音材が設けられている、吸音パネル。 a housing including a front panel having an opening;
a sound absorbing material provided in a hollow portion formed by the front panel;
An opening area ratio indicating the ratio of the combined area of the openings to the entire area of the front panel is 85% or more;
The front plate is at least one selected from the group consisting of a punched metal, a louver, and a grille having the opening ,
A sound-absorbing panel , wherein the sound-absorbing material is provided in a hollow portion of the front panel that corresponds to at least the opening when viewed in the normal direction of a surface of the front panel that has the opening.
前記吸音パネルが設置される複数の立設された支柱とを備え、
前記吸音パネルの正面板のうち前記支柱によって覆い隠されない全体面積に占める、前記支柱によって覆い隠されない前記開口部の合算面積の割合を示す開口面積比率が９０％以上である、吸音構造。 The sound absorbing panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
a plurality of upright supports on which the sound absorbing panels are mounted;
A sound-absorbing structure in which an opening area ratio, which indicates the proportion of the combined area of the openings that are not covered by the pillars to the entire area of the front panel of the sound-absorbing panel that is not covered by the pillars, is 90% or more.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001193022A (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-17 | Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd | Soundproof device |
| JP2007040066A (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Sound absorption panel |
| JP2014240581A (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-25 | 戸田建設株式会社 | Soundproof unit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001193022A (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-17 | Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd | Soundproof device |
| JP2007040066A (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Sound absorption panel |
| JP2014240581A (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-25 | 戸田建設株式会社 | Soundproof unit |
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