JP7515945B1 - Condensation-free, ultra-energy-saving heat-shielding structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an energy-saving heat shielding structure that can provide a cool environment in the interior of a residential building in summer and a warm environment in winter.
[Solution] Energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 is constructed in a residential building 100 having an exterior member 2, an interior member 3 constructed inside the exterior member 2, and an air-permeable layer 4 formed between the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. In this energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1, a material 6A having a high reflectance against radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil, is provided inside the exterior member 3 within the air-permeable layer 4, and a material 6B having a high reflectance against radiant heat, such as a second aluminum foil, is provided on the indoor side of the interior member 3 that constitutes a room 3A, thereby making it possible to prevent condensation.
[Selected Figure] Figure 1

Description

This invention relates to an energy-saving heat-shielding structure that provides a cool environment in summer and a warm environment in winter without the use of heat insulation materials by installing heat-shielding materials in two places: the indoor side of exterior materials such as the roof and exterior walls of a building, and the surface of interior materials facing the atmosphere.

A heat insulation method in which a heat insulating material is installed between the exterior and interior materials of a building has been used for some time (for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, a heat insulation method in which a heat insulating material is installed on the outside of the roof or wall surfaces of a building has also been used for some time.

The energy-saving structure described in Patent Document 1 has a double exterior structure with an outer member, an inner member provided inside the outer member, and a ventilation layer formed between the outer member and the inner member, and a material with high reflectivity to radiant heat such as aluminum foil is provided between the outer member and the inner member, and the ventilation layer is formed on the indoor side of the material with high reflectivity to radiant heat such as aluminum foil.

Patent No. 7408204

A heat insulation method in which heat insulating materials are installed between the exterior and interior materials of a building has been used for some time. Heat entering and leaving a building moves from the outside to the inside in summer, and from the inside to the outside in winter. In other words, the heat movement is reversed between summer and winter. Furthermore, many institutions throughout the United States have reported that the proportion of heat moving through a building is 75% radiant heat, 5% to 7% conductive heat, and 18% to 20% convective heat. Furthermore, it is a well-known fact that heat insulating materials with high reflectivity are effective in blocking radiant heat. Therefore, when considering the insulation of a building, heat insulating materials are effective, and it has been thought that placing heat insulating materials between the exterior and interior materials is a good method to ensure effectiveness throughout the year.

The performance of a heat-shielding material is expressed as reflectance + emissivity = 100%. If a heat-shielding material with a reflectance of 95% is used, the emissivity, or the amount of heat that cannot be blocked, is only 5%, which is considered to be negligible. However, since the amount of radiation increases in proportion to the fourth power of the absolute temperature, heat will quickly become trapped in the small space inside the walls. As a result, the emissivity increases and conversely the reflectivity decreases, and the insulation performance inside the walls decreases. Furthermore, ventilation methods are now mandatory for buildings to prevent condensation, and it has been reported that 15% to 50% of the heat inside the room is expelled in winter. Therefore, it has to be said that these houses are cold in winter and have very low energy-saving effects.

Meanwhile, a heat-shielding method has also been used for some time, in which heat-shielding materials are applied to the exterior of a building's roof or walls. As the heat-shielding materials are applied to the exterior of a building, this method makes use of the reflection of radiant heat. Heat-shielding materials are often made of aluminum foil, and have a shiny, mirror-like surface. If used outdoors, they will reflect light over a wide area, just as sunlight does when reflected by a mirror, causing injury to the human eye. Needless to say, they also pose a major hindrance to helicopters and other aircraft used in disaster rescue operations.

Currently, heat shielding materials used outdoors are made of aluminum foil or other materials with high reflectivity against radiant heat, and a highly colored highly transparent resin layer that transmits radiant heat well is applied to the surface of the material to form a diffuse reflection layer. However, forming this highly transparent resin layer reduces the reflectivity by 5 to 10%. Furthermore, as mentioned above, if the heat transmitted to the radiation side of the heat shielding material is stored, the reflectivity also decreases. As a result, the blocking rate of transmitted heat drops to about 30%. Also, it is highly likely that in the future it will become mandatory to install solar panels on the roofs of buildings. Once installed, solar panels must remain in place for 20 years, making it difficult to use construction methods with short durability.

Therefore, the present invention aims to provide an energy-saving heat shielding structure that can keep the interior of a residential building cool in summer and warm in winter.

The energy-saving heat shielding structure of the present invention is constructed in a residential building having an exterior member, an interior member constructed inside the exterior member, and an air-permeable layer formed between the exterior member and the interior member, and prevents condensation. This energy-saving heat shielding structure is characterized in that a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil, is provided inside the exterior member in the air-permeable layer, and a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a second aluminum foil, is provided on the indoor side of the interior member that constitutes the room.

The energy-saving heat shielding structure of the present invention is characterized in that the ventilation layer is formed on the radiation side of a material that has a high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil, and outside air is taken in through the ventilation layer's air intake and exhausted through the ventilation layer's exhaust outlet.

The energy-saving heat shielding structure of the present invention is characterized in that an opening and closing device using a shape memory alloy is provided at the intake and exhaust ports of the ventilation layer, and the opening and closing device opens and closes when the shape memory alloy senses the outside air temperature, thereby adjusting the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer.

The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention is the energy-saving heat-shielding structure described in claim 1, characterized in that other ventilation layers are constructed between the roofing material and the roof underlayment, between the double roof, between the double-layered sheathing boards, between the exterior wall and the structural plywood, and on the indoor side of the roof or exterior wall.

The energy-saving heat shielding structure of the present invention can be constructed using a method that does not require any insulation materials such as glass wool, and can prevent condensation on and inside walls. Therefore, constructing the energy-saving heat shielding structure of the present invention in a residential building creates an environment that is kind to both people and buildings.

The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention can provide a cool environment in summer and a warm environment in winter without using any insulation material, by providing a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil, on the inside (indoor side) of the roof or exterior material of a building, and a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a second aluminum foil, on the indoor side of the interior materials that make up the room. Of course, there is no surface condensation or condensation inside the walls, and in order to maintain this energy-saving heat-shielding structure (system), it is a zero-energy system that requires no energy such as electricity, using only air, heat-shielding material, and shape-memory alloys.

The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention can maintain a cool indoor temperature in summer, significantly reducing the use of air conditioners and providing a very comfortable living environment for people who suffer from cooling sickness or who are prone to cold. In addition, the energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention blocks radiant heat throughout the entire residential building, greatly reducing the temperature difference between rooms, which may lead to a reduction in illnesses such as strokes. Furthermore, the energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention achieves a cooling and heating effect in just a few minutes, eliminating the need for unnecessary electricity bills.

1 is a cross-sectional view of an energy-saving heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention formed on the exterior wall of a residential building. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an energy-saving heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is an enlarged view of an energy-saving heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an energy-saving heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention formed on a roof. 1 is a diagram showing an opening/closing section of an energy-saving heat insulating structure opening/closing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is made of a shape memory alloy. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining opening and closing of an opening/closing device of an energy-saving heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows a closed state and (b) shows an open state. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an energy-saving heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention formed on a roof. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing measurement positions for a test of the energy-saving heat insulating structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

The condensation-free, ultra-energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to this embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the energy-saving heat-shielding structure) will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 5.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will now be described.
Glass wool insulation, which uses glass fibers, has been widely used to insulate residential buildings. However, since insulation is a heat storage material, it is effective in preventing the cold but not in preventing the heat. With global warming accelerating rapidly, measures to prevent the heat in homes in the summer are an urgent issue.

In residential buildings, a construction method called ventilation method is used in which air flows through a ventilation layer between the exterior material and structural plywood, etc. In summer, much of the heat from the outdoors is absorbed by the exterior material, but most of it is transferred to the air in the ventilation layer and discharged to the outdoors in the form of convection heat. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred to the interior side is greatly reduced, improving the indoor environment. On the other hand, in winter, indoor heat moves toward the outdoors, via the interior wallpaper, gypsum board, insulation material, moisture-permeable waterproof paper, and ventilation layer. At this time, the heat transferred to or penetrated by the moisture-permeable waterproof paper is discharged to the outdoors through the ventilation layer, but at the same time, the moisture inside the room is also discharged. It has been reported that the amount of heat discharged is 15% to 50% of the indoor heating. Therefore, how to reduce the heat discharged from the interior in winter is also an important issue.

The performance of air conditioners and other heating and cooling equipment is improving year by year, and the energy-saving effects are becoming greater. However, ideally, we would prefer an environment in which we can live without using air conditioners, and the first priority is to reduce the heat that enters residential buildings.

As global warming progresses rapidly, electricity is being produced locally using natural energy sources and is being increasingly used for local consumption. In particular, installing solar panels on roofs is considered to be an urgent issue. It is said that installing solar panels on roofs has a large energy-saving effect due to the shading effect, but this is a mistake. It is true that if solar panels are installed on a roof, they are indeed in the shade when viewed from the outside. Naturally, the underside of the roof inside the room should be cooler. In other words, temperature unevenness will occur on the underside of the roof depending on whether or not solar panels are installed. Then, as the principle is that heat moves from hot to cold, the air under a hot roof will move to the cooler roof side, and as a result, they will try to become the same temperature. This is why you don't often hear of people getting cooler after installing solar panels.

As shown in FIG. 1, the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 according to the present invention is constructed in a residential building 100 having an exterior member 2, an interior member 3 constructed inside the exterior member 2, and a ventilation layer 4 formed between the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. A material 6A having a high reflectivity against radiant heat such as a first aluminum foil (hereinafter also referred to as the first high reflectivity material 6A) is provided inside the exterior member 2 in the ventilation layer 4, and a material 6B having a high reflectivity against radiant heat such as a second aluminum foil (hereinafter also referred to as the second high reflectivity material 6B) is provided on the indoor side of the interior member 3 constituting the room 3A. This second high reflectivity material 6B is provided on the surfaces of the ceiling, walls, etc. located at least on the indoor side (atmospheric side) of the room 3A. Note that no heat insulating material is provided between the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. Also, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a waterproof paper (waterproof layer) 8 is provided on the outside of the interior member 3, and a structural plywood 7 is provided on the outside of this waterproof paper 8. In addition, a ridge ventilation material 20 is formed on top of the roof material 9 (Figures 1 and 4).

In the ultra-energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, two materials 6A, 6B (6C) with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, are attached to the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. In addition, in the ultra-energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, two materials 6D, 6B (C) with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, are attached to the roofing material 9 and the interior member 3.

The first is the inside of the exterior member 2, which is the roof 9 or the exterior wall, and is preferably the outdoor side that is most susceptible to the effects of heat, but in most cases the roofing material 9 is installed on the roof underlayment, and it is extremely difficult to create an environment in which the ventilation layer 4 can be created. Moreover, the ventilation layer referred to here is, in principle, preferably one in which air flows linearly from the eaves to the ridge for the roofing material, and from the foundation to the eaves for the exterior wall material. Therefore, in the case of between the roofing material and the roof underlayment, it is necessary to float the roofing material from the roof underlayment, and it is necessary to devise a batten for mounting the roofing material. In addition, since floating the roofing material will be subjected to a large buoyancy from winds such as typhoons, it is also necessary to devise the size of the air inlet from the eaves to the ventilation layer 4. A double roof is a construction method in which a metal roof such as tile bar roofing or vertical roofing is doubled, and since the roofing material is flat, it is lightweight and extremely easy to install. In cold regions, tile roofing is often used due to snow accumulation, but this method significantly improves the heat retention performance, so the temperature environment inside the building will be greatly improved. If the roofing material and roof underlayment cannot create the ventilation layer 4, there is no problem in creating the ventilation layer 4 by doubling the roof underlayment on which the roofing material is placed with rafters or the like. Since the appearance is almost the same as the conventional type, this method is relatively easy to implement in houses. However, since air flows between the plywood, measures against wind and rain are necessary. For example, it is necessary to install a waterproof sheet on the plywood under the ventilation layer 4, install a wind-blocking gable at the air intake of the eaves, and take measures against wind and rain at the exhaust part of the ridge, at the very least.
The first highly reflective material 6A is attached inside the ventilation layer 4 thus created, which is the first one.

The second high reflectance material 6B is attached to the interior side of room 3A. In other words, it is used as a replacement for commonly used vinyl wallpaper. As will be described later, what is used here is a heat-shielding cloth that does not reduce the performance of the heat-shielding material and has an appearance similar to current vinyl wallpaper. One of the main purposes of attaching the second high reflectance material 6B to the interior side of room 3A is to prevent condensation, so the installation position of the second high reflectance material 6B must be at least the ceiling and wall surfaces that face the interior atmosphere of room 3A. However, since it is ultimately an interior material, it is preferable to install it throughout each room, including partition walls, etc.

The floor is horizontal, so it is generally difficult to create an air vent, and the heat transfer into the room is mostly conductive heat and the amount is small. Therefore, a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (third high reflectivity material) 6C such as third aluminum foil is installed on the entire underside of the floor joists. This creates an air layer that is highly insulating, but does not allow ventilation. Furthermore, third high reflectivity material 6C is laid on the floor from the inside of the room. Of course, as it is easily damaged by people walking on it, third high reflectivity material 6C such as carpet or artificial turf is laid on top to protect it.

In the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, the ventilation layer 4 is formed on the radiation side of the first highly reflective material 6A, and outside air is taken in through the air intake of the ventilation layer 4, and the outside air is exhausted through the exhaust outlet of the ventilation layer 4.

The performance of the heat shielding material is reflectance + emissivity = 100%. However, this only holds true when there is a reflective space on both sides of the heat shielding material and the space is large. There is also the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that the amount of radiation is proportional to the fourth power of absolute temperature. This means that when the temperature of the radiation side of the high reflectance materials 6A and 6B rises, the amount of radiation increases all at once. In general, small spaces are a problem, but the space between the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3 that make up the residential building 100 is also narrow, and this principle is reflected. The countermeasure is that the radiation side is in an environment where the temperature does not rise, or is in contact with a large space. In the residential building 100, the influence of radiant heat from outdoors in summer is large, so in the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, the indoor side is considered to be the radiation side. Therefore, in principle, the first high reflectance material 6A is attached inside the ventilation layer 4, but the ventilation layer 4 is provided on the indoor side, which is the radiation side. The ventilation layer 4 uses a natural convection system that draws in outside air through an air intake at the bottom and expels it from an exhaust port at the top, and a major feature of this system is that it does not require any extra equipment or electricity.

On the other hand, the second highly reflective material 6B provided on the surface of the interior member 3 is in contact with the large space of the room 3A, so there is a very low possibility that the temperature on the radiating side will rise. Also, since air conditioning and the like can be used in this space, there is no need to do anything more than that.

The air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 is preferably laminar. As shown in Figure 4, when the ventilation layer 4 is formed on the roof 9, it is preferable to provide a space of about 30 mm to 100 mm, although the conditions will vary depending on the shape and size of the roof. On the roof 9, air rises due to buoyancy, so laminar flow is relatively easy to form, but on walls, furring strips and the like make it easy for the air to flow turbulently. Therefore, it is preferable to use horizontal siding, etc., where the furring strips are attached vertically, but if this is difficult, it is important to select and use a material that allows air to flow easily in place of the furring strips. If the fourth high reflectivity material 6D is placed between the ventilation layers 4, a ventilation layer is formed not only on the radiating side but also on the reflecting side. In this case, there is no problem in discharging both sides together.

The energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention is provided with an opening/closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy at the intake port of the ventilation layer 4 and the exhaust port of the ventilation layer 4, and the opening/closing device 5 opens and closes when the shape memory alloy senses the outside air temperature, thereby adjusting the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4.

The opening and closing device 5 used in the present invention is a slide-type device that uses a shape memory alloy. As shown in FIG. 5, this opening and closing device 5 has two rectangular metal plates (slide members) 12 with multiple square openings 11 stacked on a base 10, and one of the metal plates 12 has a spring 13 made of a shape memory alloy that senses the temperature and expands and contracts to open and close the opening 11.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 6(a), when it cools, the spring 13 expands, the metal plate 12 moves to the right in the left-right direction X, and the opening 11 is closed by the metal plate 12, entering a closed state. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 6(b), when it warms up to a certain temperature, the spring 13 contracts, the metal plate 12 moves to the left in the left-right direction X, and the opening 11 opens, entering an open state. Using this property, the through hole 11 is opened and closed to adjust the flow of air in and out.

When a ventilation layer 4 is provided on the roof 9 or exterior wall 2, it has a large cooling effect in the summer and is a great energy-saving effect, but in the winter it reduces the heating effect, resulting in a negative energy-saving effect. A sliding opening and closing device 5 that uses a shape memory alloy reduces this negative effect in winter. By closing the intake and exhaust ports of the ventilation layer 4 with this opening and closing device 5, a still air layer is formed within the ventilation layer 4, and the residential building 100 can be kept warm.

The currently used shape memory alloy can be fully closed (closed state) at 18°C and fully open (open state) at 28°C. This opening and closing temperature can be changed depending on the type of shape memory alloy, and it is not necessary to stick to the above temperature. The opening and closing temperature of the opening and closing device 5 is very important as to what temperature is sensed to activate it, and the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention is characterized in that the spring 13 made of shape memory alloy is attached to the outside air side. Assuming that the spring 13 made of shape memory alloy is inside the ventilation layer 4. When sunlight hits the roof or outer wall during the daytime at 0°C in midwinter and heats it, the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4 rises to 18°C or higher, and the sliding type opening and closing device 5 using the shape memory alloy is opened. As a result, the air inside the ventilation layer 4 starts to flow, but since the room temperature is about 22°C, the heat inside the room continues to flow into the ventilation layer 4, and the sliding type opening and closing device 5 using the shape memory alloy continues to be in the open state, resulting in less energy saving effect. Another advantage of the slide-type opening and closing device 5 that uses a shape memory alloy is that it does not require a power source because the spring 13 senses the outside air temperature and activates, making it possible to create a zero-energy system that does not require a control device, etc.

The installation locations of the opening and closing device 5 on the roof 9 are preferably two, at the ridge and the eaves, but in some cases, a large effect can be obtained by installing it only on the upper ridge. If it is installed in one place on the roof 9, even if the opening and closing device 5 is closed in winter, wind will blow into the ventilation layer 4 from the eaves. For this reason, a door with a cut of 20 to 30 mm on the lower side is installed on the eaves, which also serves as a gable. In this way, it is possible to block the wind and relatively improve heat retention. The installation locations of the opening and closing device 5 on the exterior wall are preferably the foundation part on the lower side, which is relatively less affected by wind and rain, and the underside of the eaves soffit on the upper side. However, if you want to install the opening and closing device 5 in one place due to cost, you must install it on the eaves. This is because if it is installed on the foundation, the heat in the ventilation layer 4 will be discharged. If it is installed on a gable roof, it can be installed on the underside of the eaves soffit along the shape of the roof. In this invention, a sliding opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy is used, but as long as the ventilation layer 4 can be opened and closed by sensing the outside air temperature, the shape and method can be any type, such as a rotating blade type.

Highly reflective materials 6A and 6B are combined with various materials depending on the application and are used as heat shielding materials, and there are various configurations. The most important one is a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, and in this invention, aluminum foil with a purity of 99.5% or more is used to increase the reflectivity. This makes it possible to increase the reflectivity to about 98%. However, since materials with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, are thin, at 7 μm to 30 μm, they are generally heat-welded with nonwoven fabric, glass cloth, etc., and polyester material, etc., to increase their strength.
In addition, aluminum foil can be subject to electrochemical corrosion when used in contact with metals, and is vulnerable to acids and alkalis, so it is highly likely to corrode when used near the sea. Therefore, a thin film of highly transparent resin that allows radiant heat to pass through well, a so-called electrochemical corrosion prevention layer, is formed on the surface of the aluminum foil.

The first high reflectance material 6A used on the indoor side of the roofing material 9 or exterior member 2 is usually directly attached (directly pasted) to the roofing material or exterior wall material with adhesive or the like. In this case, one-sided aluminum foil consisting of glass cloth + heat-sealed layer + aluminum foil + electrolytic corrosion prevention layer is generally used. On the other hand, in the case of on-site construction or small-scale construction, double-sided aluminum foil is used because double-sided tape is used. In this case, a heat insulating material with a seven-layer structure including electrolytic corrosion prevention layer + aluminum foil + heat-sealed layer + glass cloth + heat-sealed layer + aluminum foil + electrolytic corrosion prevention layer is used.
In either case, the effect is the same since radiation performance is utilized.

The second highly reflective material 6B used as a replacement for the vinyl wallpaper inside room 3A is made by applying highly transparent resin to the surface of aluminum foil or other material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, creating a diffuse reflection structure. It looks the same as vinyl wallpaper, but its performance is that of a heat-shielding material itself, and it is used as a heat-shielding cloth. Of course, because of the highly transparent resin layer, the reflectivity is around 90%, but this is still a big difference compared to current vinyl wallpapers. Installation inside room 3A can mainly be done with the same adhesive as the existing vinyl wallpaper, and the installation method is the same.

In a newly constructed residential building 100, as shown in FIG. 7, a ridge ventilation material 20 is attached on top of a metal roof material 9, a ridge wrapping member 21 is placed on top of that, and a ventilation layer 4 is formed between the roof material 9 and the sheathing board 22. An opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy is placed between this ridge wrapping member 21 and the metal roof material 9. Air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 passes through the ridge ventilation material 20 and the opening and closing device 5, and is discharged to the outside. By installing the ridge ventilation material 20, moisture and heat can be efficiently discharged.

The energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 according to the present invention is explained in detail below.

Generally, glass wool insulation using glass fiber has been widely used in residential buildings. However, since insulation is a heat storage material, it is effective in preventing the cold but not very good in preventing the heat. Also, in residential buildings, a construction method called a ventilation method is used, which allows air to flow inside the exterior material. Although the ventilation method is effective in preventing the heat in summer, it is an undeniable fact that in winter, the heat inside the room is discharged, making it inefficient, and the indoor environment is cold. The reason for using this construction method is to prevent condensation inside the walls, by discharging indoor moisture to the outside. The purpose of this invention is to turn a house that is hot in summer and cold in winter into an environment that is cool in summer and warm in winter, and further to create a structure that does not generate condensation.

In the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 according to the present invention, a first highly reflective material 6A is attached to the indoor side (inside) of the roof 9 or the exterior wall member 2 of the wall. In addition, a ventilation layer 4 through which outside air flows is provided on the indoor side of this first highly reflective material 6. In summer, the radiant heat that gives the greatest heat to a residential building is absorbed by the roof material or the exterior wall material and transmitted to the indoor side. However, in the residential building 100 in which the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention is constructed, the first highly reflective material 6A is installed on the indoor side of the roof material 9 or the exterior wall member 2, and approximately 95% of the radiant heat can be blocked. In other words, only about 5% of the radiation is emitted on the indoor side, the radiation side. However, the radiation side is in a narrow space inside the wall. Then, in accordance with the Stefan-Boltzmann law that the amount of radiation is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature, the amount of radiation increases rapidly and the space on the radiation side quickly becomes hot. As a result, the emissivity increases and the reflectivity decreases. In other words, it becomes easier for heat from the exterior member 2 (exterior wall) to enter the room.

In the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, a ventilation layer 4 is provided on the radiation side, which constantly takes in outdoor air for cooling. As a result, the radiation side can maintain a stable low radiation level, and very little heat is transferred to the indoor side.

In winter, in current residential buildings, the heat inside room 3A is discharged to the outdoors through ventilation layer 4, making the room cold and resulting in a very poor heating effect.

In the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, a sliding type opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy is installed at the intake and exhaust ports at the top and bottom of the ventilation layer 4. When the outside temperature falls below 18°C, this opening and closing device 5 closes all of the openings 11, and the ventilation layer 4 becomes a still air state. In other words, the interior of room 3A is completely insulated by the air layer, eliminating the cold winter weather that has been experienced up until now.

On the other hand, when the outside temperature is 28°C or higher, all the openings 11 are opened, and outside air is drawn into the ventilation layer 4 through the intake port. The constant flow of outside air through the ventilation layer 4 adjusts the temperature of room 3A, making the room 3A a cool environment. The shape memory alloy may seem to sense the temperature difference between summer and winter and activate, but it actually operates 24 hours a day, day and night, and this is also a major factor in its high energy-saving effect. Furthermore, since the floor is horizontal and it is difficult to create a ventilation layer, the first heat-shielding material is installed under the joists to keep the entire floor warm. In addition, heat-shielding material is installed directly on the floor on the indoor side. Of course, the floor surface is likely to be damaged by people standing on it, so a carpet or artificial turf is installed on the surface to create a two-layer structure.

Measures to prevent condensation are as follows:
In the present invention, the material that is applied to the gypsum board, which is the interior base for the room, is not vinyl cloth or the like, but a heat-shielding cloth with a diffuse reflection structure in which a highly transparent resin is colored on the surface of the second highly reflective material 6B. This heat-shielding cloth looks roughly the same as conventional vinyl cloth, but the reflective material is aluminum foil, so it does not transmit moisture 100%. In winter, when the heat inside the room moves toward the outside, moisture also moves in the same direction and condenses on the surface of the vinyl cloth, causing surface condensation. On the other hand, moisture that passes through the vinyl cloth and moves into the wall is cooled inside the wall, causing condensation inside the wall.

In the present invention, heat-shielding cloth is installed instead of vinyl cloth. Even if indoor heat is directed toward the outside, the heat-shielding cloth reflects the radiant heat, so the surface temperature rises and surface condensation can be prevented. In addition, the heat-shielding cloth is 100% moisture-resistant, so indoor moisture does not penetrate into the wall and winter condensation does not occur. In summer, heat from the outdoors moves to the vinyl cloth inside the room, where summer condensation occurs. However, in the energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention, the effect of the first first high-reflectivity material 6A is large, and the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4, which takes in and cools the outside air, does not rise that much. Therefore, the temperature moving from the outdoors to the inside of the room is very low. As a result, condensation inside the wall hardly occurs in summer.

As mentioned at the beginning, installing solar panels on the roof will not provide any shading. This is because there will be temperature variations in the room between areas where solar panels are installed and areas where they are not, and heat will be transferred.

However, in the present invention, the solar panels are on the outside of the aluminum foil or other material that has a high reflectivity against radiant heat, and the secondary radiant heat of the solar panels is blocked here. The aluminum foil or other material 6D that has a high reflectivity against radiant heat is applied to the entire roof, and there is a ventilation layer 4 on the indoor side, which constantly discharges even the slightest amount of heat to the outdoors, so there is no temperature unevenness across the entire underside of the roof. In this way, by applying the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention to the roof, a residential building 100 can be constructed that is cool in the summer and warm in the winter and free of condensation. Furthermore, in order to maintain the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, only two heat shielding materials, air for cooling, and an opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy are required, and a zero-energy energy-saving construction method that does not use any new energy is also a major feature.

[test]
A model of a house wall structure was placed in front of a 1 kW far-infrared heater to verify the heat transfer to the room in summer. The wall structure is composed of the following components:
Overall size: 16cm (width) x 20cm (height) x 14.5cm (thickness)
Square wave folded plate: thickness 0.6mm, unevenness 10mm
Heat shielding material: THB-FX 0.2 mm, surface electrolytic corrosion treatment, non-combustible material, the heat shielding material was attached directly to the corrugated metal plate with adhesive.
Ventilation layer: 20 mm, open top and bottom Waterproof layer: 0.1 mm vinyl Structural plywood: 12 mm
Pillars and studs: 90 mm, this space was sealed at both the top and bottom.
Plasterboard: 12mm
Heat shielding material: Heat shielding cloth 50 (manufactured by Nippon Heat Shield, THB-SSW1 0.1 mm), the heat shielding material was directly attached to the gypsum board.

The surface temperature of the corrugated plate was raised to 85° C., and the temperature was measured at the following positions (FIG. 8):
(1) Heater side surface of corrugated metal plate (2) Inside the ventilation layer (air temperature)
(3) The air space on the surface of the waterproof layer (vinyl) (4) Space between pillars and studs (air temperature)
(5) Pillar side surface of gypsum board (6) Indoor side surface of heat insulating cloth (7) Room temperature

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[Discussion]
(a) When a heat-shielding material is applied to the indoor side of an exterior material, the temperature of the exterior material rises by about 5 to 6 degrees Celsius from the normal temperature. In this test, the temperature of the exterior material was raised to 85.2 degrees Celsius, which is considered to be the normal temperature of exterior materials of about 80 degrees Celsius.
(b) Even if the temperature of the corrugated metal exterior sheet is raised to 85.2°C, (4) the temperature of the air in the space between the pillars and studs is only 33°C, a drop of 52.2°C. At this time, the room temperature is 28.3°C, a difference of 4.7°C, and at this temperature, summer condensation does not occur.
(c) When the temperature of the corrugated metal exterior was 85.2℃, the temperature of the space in the ventilation layer was 51.1℃, which was higher than expected. If such a high temperature is expected, it may be necessary to widen the width of the ventilation layer a little more.

The present embodiment has been described above, but it is possible to select from the configurations described in the above embodiment or to change to other configurations as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1 Energy-saving heat-shielding structure 2 Exterior components (exterior wall)
3 Interior materials (inner walls)
3A Room 4 Ventilation layer 5 Opening and closing device 6A First aluminum foil or other material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (first high reflectivity material)
6B Second aluminum foil or other material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (second highly reflective material)
6C Third aluminum foil or other material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (third high reflectivity material)
6D Fourth aluminum foil or other material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (fourth high reflectivity material)
7 Structural plywood 8 Waterproof paper (waterproof layer)
9. Roof (roofing materials)
10: Base material 11: Opening 12: Metal plate (slide member)
13 Spring 20 Ridge ventilation material 21 Ridge wrapping member 22 Roof board 100 Residential building X Left-right direction

Claims (3)

An energy-saving heat shielding structure that is constructed in a residential building having an exterior member, an interior member constructed inside the exterior member, and a ventilation layer formed between the exterior member and the interior member, and prevents condensation,
A first material having a high reflectance against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, is provided on the inside of the exterior member in the ventilation layer, a second material having a high reflectance against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, is provided directly on the indoor side of the interior member constituting the room and facing the atmosphere on the indoor side , and a third material having a high reflectance against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, is provided on the floor of the room,
The ventilation layer is formed on the radiation side of the first material having a high reflectance against radiant heat, such as the aluminum foil, and outside air is taken in through an intake port of the ventilation layer and exhausted through an exhaust port of the ventilation layer.
An opening and closing device utilizing a spring made of a shape memory alloy is provided at the intake port and the exhaust port of the ventilation layer, the spring is provided exposed to the outside of the exterior member, and the opening and closing device opens and closes when the spring senses the outside air temperature, and the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer is adjusted, thereby preventing condensation from occurring inside the residential building.
An energy-saving heat shielding structure. A plywood is provided between the exterior member and the interior member, one side of the plywood faces the ventilation layer, and vinyl is provided on the other side of the plywood;
Prevent condensation on and inside the walls of the room;
2. The energy-saving heat shielding structure according to claim 1. Other ventilation layers are constructed between the roofing material and the roof underlayment, between the double roof, between the double-layered sheathing boards, between the exterior material and the structural plywood, and on the indoor side of the roof or the exterior material.
2. The energy-saving heat shielding structure according to claim 1 .

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