JP7301449B2 - リチウム二次電池用非水電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用非水電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7301449B2 JP7301449B2 JP2021571012A JP2021571012A JP7301449B2 JP 7301449 B2 JP7301449 B2 JP 7301449B2 JP 2021571012 A JP2021571012 A JP 2021571012A JP 2021571012 A JP2021571012 A JP 2021571012A JP 7301449 B2 JP7301449 B2 JP 7301449B2
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- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- aqueous electrolyte
- lithium
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 88
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 85
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 21
- -1 LiCH 3 SO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QKJALQPLNMEDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxochromene-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(C#N)=C2 QKJALQPLNMEDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003936 Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910004437 Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021479 dubnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II,IV) oxide Inorganic materials O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraantimony hexaoxide Chemical compound O1[Sb](O2)O[Sb]3O[Sb]1O[Sb]2O3 YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Description
本出願は、2019年11月18日付韓国特許出願第10-2019-0147431号及び2020年11月12日付韓国特許出願第10-2020-0151165号に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示された全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
リチウム塩、有機溶媒及び添加剤として化学式1で表される化合物を含むリチウム二次電池用非水電解液を提供する。
R1からR6は、それぞれ独立して水素、炭素数1から5のアルキル基または-CN基であり、R1からR6のうち少なくとも1つ以上は-CN基である。
負極、正極、前記負極及び正極の間に介在されたセパレータ、及び非水電解液を含み、前記非水電解液は、本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
具体的には、本発明の一実施例では、
リチウム塩、有機溶媒及び添加剤として化学式1で表される化合物を含むリチウム二次電池用非水電解液を提供する。
先ず、本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液において、前記リチウム塩は、リチウム二次電池用電解液に通常使用されるものなどが制限なく用いられてよく、例えば、陽イオンとしてLi+を含み、陰イオンとしては、F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、N(CN)2 -、BF4 -、ClO4 -、B10Cl10 -、AlCl4 -、AlO4 -、PF6 -、CF3SO3 -、CH3CO2 -、CF3CO2 -、AsF6 -、SbF6 -、CH3SO3 -、(CF3CF2SO2)2N-、(CF3SO2)2N-、(FSO2)2N-、BF2C2O4 -、BC4O8 -、PF4C2O4 -、PF2C4O8 -、(CF3)2PF4 -、(CF3)3PF3 -、(CF3)4PF2 -、(CF3)5PF-、(CF3)6P-、C4F9SO3 -、CF3CF2SO3 -、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-、(CF3SO2)2CH-、CF3(CF2)7SO3 -及びSCN-からなる群から選択された少なくともいずれか一つが挙げられる。
本明細書によるリチウム二次電池用非水電解液において、前記有機溶媒は、環状カーボネート系有機溶媒、直鎖状カーボネート系有機溶媒またはこれらの混合有機溶媒を含んでよい。
本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液は、添加剤として化学式1で表される化合物を含んでよい。
R1からR6は、それぞれ独立して水素、炭素数1から5のアルキル基または-CN基であり、R1からR6のうち少なくとも1つ以上は-CN基である。
また、本発明のまた他の一実施例では、本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
前記正極は、正極集電体上に正極活物質、バインダー、導電材及び溶媒などを含む正極スラリーをコーティングした後、乾燥及び圧延して製造することができる。
前記負極は、負極集電体上に負極活物質、バインダー、導電材及び溶媒などを含む負極スラリーをコーティングした後、乾燥及び圧延して製造することができる。
本発明のリチウム二次電池に含まれる前記セパレータは、一般に用いられる通常の多孔性高分子フィルム、例えば、エチレン単独重合体、プロピレン単独重合体、エチレン/ブテン共重合体、エチレン/ヘキセン共重合体及びエチレン/メタクリレート共重合体などのようなポリオレフイン系高分子で製造した多孔性高分子フィルムを単独で、又はこれらを積層して用いてもよく、又は、通常の多孔性不織布、例えば、高融点のガラス繊維、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維などからなる不織布を用いてもよいが、これに限定されるものではない。
I.リチウム二次電池用非水電解液の製造
比較例1.
エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を1:2の体積比で混合した後、LiBF4が1.0Mとなるように溶解させて電解液(A-1)を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC):プロピレンカーボネート(PC):エチルプロピオネート(EP):プロピルプロピオネート(PP)を2:1:2.5:4.5の体積比で混合した後、リチウム塩であるLiPF6が0.8M及びLiFSIが0.2Mとなるように溶解させて電解液(A-2)を製造した。
比較例1の電解液(A-1)99.9gにクマリン-3-カルボニトリル0.1gをさらに添加し、本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-1)を製造した。
比較例1の電解液(A-1)99.0gにクマリン-3-カルボニトリル1.0gをさらに添加し、本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-2)を製造した。
比較例2の電解液(A-2)99.8gにクマリン-3-カルボニトリル化合物0.2gをさらに添加し、本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-3)を製造した。
比較例2の電解液(A-2)98.8gにクマリン-3-カルボニトリル化合物1.2gをさらに添加し、本発明のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-4)を製造した。
実施例5.
正極活物質(Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2)、導電材としてカーボンブラック、及びバインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライドを98:1:1の重量比で溶剤であるN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に添加し、正極スラリー(固形分含量40重量%)を製造した。前記正極スラリーを厚さが20μmである正極集電体(Al薄膜)に塗布し、乾燥及びロールプレス(roll press)を行って正極を製造した。
実施例3のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-3)の代わりに、実施例4のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-4)を用いることを除き、前記実施例5と同様の方法でパウチ型リチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例3のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-3)の代わりに、比較例2の電解液(A-2)を用いることを除き、前記実施例5と同様の方法でパウチ型リチウム二次電池を製造した。
実験例1.金属(Co)イオン電着実験評価
実施例1及び2で製造されたリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-1及びB-2)99.9gに金属異物であるコバルト(II)テトラフルオロボレートヘキサハイドレート(Co(BF4)2・6H2O)0.1gを任意成分として添加し、実施例1-1及び2-1の金属イオン電着評価用リチウム二次電池用非水電解液を製造した(下記表1参照)。
リニアスイープボルタンメトリー(Linear sweep voltammetry、LSV)を用いて、実施例3で製造されたリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(B-3)と比較例2で製造された電解液(A-2)に対する分解開始電圧を測定した。
前記実施例5及び比較例3で製造された二次電池をそれぞれPNE-0506充放電器(製造社:(株)PNEソリューション、5V、6A)を用いて、0.1Cレート(rate)の定電流で3時間の間初期充電(formation)を行った後、得られた容量-電圧曲線を1次微分し、得られた微分容量曲線を図3に示した。
前記実施例5及び6と比較例3で製造された二次電池に対して、それぞれ常温(23℃)で0.3Cレート(rate)で4.2VまでCC-CV(constant current-constant voltage)条件で充電し、0.3Cレートで2.5VまでCC条件で放電して、常温(23℃)で1C/4.2Vの定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)条件で電流が1C電流の1/20(mA)に到逹するまで充電した後、また1C電流で2.5Vまで放電して初期容量(capacity)を測定した。その結果を下記表2に示した。
前記実験例4で初期容量評価を完了した実施例5の二次電池と比較例3の二次電池それぞれに対して、ポテンショスタット(Potentiostat)装置を用いて電気化学インピーダンス分光法(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy,EIS)を測定した。
実施例5で製造されたリチウム二次電池と比較例3で製造された二次電池を、それぞれ45℃で1Cレートで4.2Vまで定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)条件で電流が1C電流の1/20(mA)に到逹するまで充電した後、また1C電流で2.5Vまで放電させた。前記充放電条件を1サイクルにして、200サイクルを繰り返して行った。次いで、下記式1を用いて放電容量維持率を算出し、その結果を図5に示した。
放電容量維持率(%)=(N回目の充放電後の放電容量/1回目の充放電後の放電容量)×100
Claims (6)
- 前記化学式1中、R1は-CN基であり、R2は水素であり、R3及びR6はそれぞれ独立して水素または-CN基であり、R4及びR5はそれぞれ独立して水素、炭素数1から3のアルキル基または-CN基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物は、非水電解液の全重量を基準として、0.1重量%から1重量%で含まれる、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 負極、正極、前記負極及び正極の間に介在されたセパレータ、及び非水電解液を含み、
前記非水電解液は、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液を含むリチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極は、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)及びアルミニウム(Al)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つ以上の金属とリチウムを含む正極活物質を含む、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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