JP7280364B2 - 熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用めっき鋼板、熱間成形部材及びこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用めっき鋼板、熱間成形部材及びこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7280364B2 JP7280364B2 JP2021534691A JP2021534691A JP7280364B2 JP 7280364 B2 JP7280364 B2 JP 7280364B2 JP 2021534691 A JP2021534691 A JP 2021534691A JP 2021534691 A JP2021534691 A JP 2021534691A JP 7280364 B2 JP7280364 B2 JP 7280364B2
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- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
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- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/42—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of light metals
- C25D3/44—Aluminium
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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Description
本発明の一側面による熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用めっき鋼板は、重量%で、C:0.15~0.4%、Si:0.1~1%、Mn:0.6~8%、P:0.001~0.05%、S:0.0001~0.02%、Al:0.01~0.1%、N:0.001~0.02%、Cr:0.01~0.5%、残部Fe及びその他の不純物を含む素地鋼板;及び上記素地鋼板の表面に形成された亜鉛、アルミニウムまたはこれらの合金からなるめっき層;を含み、上記素地鋼板のC含有量(CB)に対する表層部のC含有量(CS)の比(CS/CB)が0.6以下であり、上記素地鋼板のMn及びCrの含有量の合計(MnB+CrB)に対する表層部のMn及びCrの含有量の合計(MnS+CrS)の比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))が0.8以上である。
Cは、熱間成形部材の強度を向上させるための必須元素である。C含有量が0.15%未満である場合には、十分な強度を確保し難い。これに対し、C含有量が0.4%を超える場合には、熱延材を冷間圧延するとき、熱延材強度が高すぎて冷間圧延性が大きく低下するだけでなく、スポット溶接性を大きく低下させることがある。したがって、本発明における上記C含有量は0.15~0.4%に制限することが好ましい。
Siは、製鋼において脱酸剤として添加され、固溶強化の元素であり、炭化物の生成抑制元素として熱間成形部材の強度上昇に寄与し、材質均一化に効果的な元素である。Si含有量が0.1%未満である場合には、上述した効果が不十分である。これに対し、Si含有量が1%を超える場合には、焼鈍中の鋼板表面に生成されるSi酸化物によってAlめっき性が大きく低下するおそれがある。したがって、本発明における上記Si含有量は0.1~1%に制限することができる。
Mnは、固溶強化の効果を確保し、熱間成形部材においてマルテンサイトを確保するための臨界冷却速度を下げるために添加される元素である。上記効果を得るためには、Mn含有量が0.6%以上添加される必要がある。一方、Mn含有量が8%を超える場合には、熱間成形工程前の鋼板の強度上昇によって冷間圧延性が低下するだけでなく、合金鉄の原価上昇及びスポット溶接性が低下する問題点がある。したがって、本発明における上記Mn含有量は0.6~8%に制限することができる。
Pは、鋼内に不純物として存在し、できるだけその含有量が少ないほど有利である。したがって、本発明におけるP含有量を0.05%以下に制限することができ、0.03%以下に制限することも好ましい。Pは少ないほど有利な不純物元素であるため、その含有量の下限を特に定める必要はない。但し、P含有量を過度に下げるためには、製造コストが上昇するおそれがあるため、これを考慮すると、その下限を0.001%とすることができる。
Sは、鋼中不純物として部材の延性、衝撃特性、及び溶接性を阻害する元素であるため、最大含有量を0.02%に制限し、さらに0.01%以下に制限することが好ましい。但し、その最小含有量が0.0001%未満であると、製造コストが上昇するおそれがあるため、その含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることができる。
Alは、Siと共に製鋼において脱酸作用を行って、鋼の清浄度を高めることができ、上記効果を得るために、0.01%以上の含有量で添加することができる。但し、0.1%を超える場合には、連鋳工程中に形成される過度のAlNによる高温延性が低下し、スラブクラックが発生しやすい問題点があるため、その含有量の上限を0.1%以下にすることができる。したがって、本発明におけるAl含有量は0.01~0.1%であることが好ましい。
Nは、鋼中に不純物として含まれる元素であって、N含有量が0.02%を超える場合には、連鋳工程中に形成される過度のAlNによる高温延性が低下し、スラブクラックが発生しやすい問題点がある。それ故に、スラブの連続鋳造時にクラック発生に対する敏感度を減少させ、衝撃特性を確保するために、Nは0.02%以下含むことができる。下限を特に定める必要はないが、製造コストの上昇などを考慮すると、N含有量の下限を0.001%以上と定めることもできる。したがって、本発明におけるN含有量は0.001~0.02%であることが好ましい。
Crは、Mnと類似して固溶強化の効果及び熱間成形時の硬化能を向上させるために添加する元素であって、上記効果を得るために0.01%以上添加することができる。但し、0.5%を超える場合には、硬化能は十分確保可能であるが、その特性が飽和するだけでなく、鋼板の製造コストが上昇する可能性がある。したがって、本発明におけるCr含有量は0.01~0.5%であることが好ましい。
Bは、少量の添加でも硬化能を向上させるだけでなく、旧オーステナイト結晶粒界に偏析されて、P及び/またはSの粒界偏析による熱間成形部材の脆性を抑制することができる元素であって、上記効果を得るために0.0005%以上添加することができる。但し、0.01%を超えると、その効果が飽和するだけでなく、熱間圧延において脆性をもたらすため、その上限を0.01%とすることができ、上記B含有量を0.005%以下にすることが好ましい。したがって、本発明におけるB含有量は0.0005~0.01%であることが好ましい。
Tiは、鋼に不純物として残存する窒素と結合してTiNを生成させることで、硬化能の確保に必須である固溶Bを残留させるために添加する。Ti含有量が0.01%未満である場合には、その効果を十分に期待し難く、0.05%を超える場合には、その特性が飽和するおそれがあるだけでなく、鋼板の製造コストが上昇することがある。したがって、本発明におけるTi含有量は0.01~0.05%であることが好ましい。
一方、上述した構成からなる熱間成形用めっき鋼板をAc3~950℃の温度範囲、1~15分の熱処理後に熱間プレス成形して衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形部材を製造することができる。
本発明の他の一側面である熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用めっき鋼板の製造方法は、上述した合金組成を満たすスラブを1050~1300℃で加熱する段階;加熱された上記スラブを800~950℃の温度範囲で仕上げ熱間圧延して熱延鋼板を得る段階;仕上げ熱間圧延の終了後、上記熱延鋼板を450~750℃で巻取る段階;巻取られた上記熱延鋼板を740~860℃で加熱して露点温度が-10~30℃である雰囲気で10~600秒間焼鈍する段階;及び上記焼鈍された熱延鋼板を亜鉛、アルミニウムまたはこれらを含む合金からなるめっき浴に浸漬してめっきする段階;を含む。
まず、上述した合金組成を満たすスラブを1050~1300℃で加熱する。スラブ加熱温度が1050℃未満である場合には、スラブ組織の均質化が困難であることがあり、1300℃を超える場合には、過度の酸化層が形成されるおそれがある。
上記加熱されたスラブを800~950℃の温度範囲で仕上げ熱間圧延して熱延鋼板を得る。仕上げ熱間圧延温度が800℃未満である場合には、二相域圧延による鋼板表層部の混粒組織発生により板状の制御が難しく、上記温度が950℃を超える場合には、結晶粒が粗大化する問題が生じるおそれがある。
仕上げ熱間圧延の終了後、上記熱延鋼板を450~750℃で巻取る。巻取温度が450℃未満である場合は、幅方向の材質ばらつきが大きくなって冷間圧延時に板破断の発生及び形状不良の問題が生じるおそれがある。これに対し、巻取温度が750℃を超えると、炭化物が粗大化して曲げ性が低下する問題点がある。
必要に応じて焼鈍前に巻取られた熱延鋼板に対して冷間圧延して冷延鋼板を得る段階をさらに含むことができる。上記冷間圧延は、より精密な鋼板の厚さの制御のために実施されるものであって、冷間圧延を省略し、すぐ焼鈍及びめっきを行ってもよい。このとき、上記冷間圧延は、圧下率30~80%で実施することができる。
上記巻取られた熱延鋼板を740~860℃で加熱して露点温度が-10~30℃である雰囲気で10~600秒間焼鈍する。焼鈍温度が740℃未満であるか、焼鈍時間が10秒未満である場合には、組織の再結晶が充分でないため、板状が不良であるか、めっき後の強度が高すぎてブランキング工程中に金型の摩耗を誘発することがある。それだけでなく、焼鈍中のCの拡散が十分でないため、素地鋼板のC含有量(CB)に対する表層部のC含有量(CS)の比(CS/CB)を0.6以下に確保することが困難になる。これに対し、焼鈍温度が860℃を超えるか、焼鈍時間が600秒を超える場合には、焼鈍中の鋼板表面に焼鈍酸化物が多量に形成されて未めっきを誘発するか、めっき密着性を低下させることがある。また、内部酸化による素地鉄内のMn、Crなどがめっき層及び素地鉄界面、或いは素地鉄粒界などに形成されて素地鋼板のMn及びCrの含有量の合計(MnB+CrB)に対する表層部のMn及びCrの含有量の合計(MnS+CrS)の比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+CrB))を0.8以上に確保することが困難であり、表層部の硬化能が不足することがあり、これによって熱間成形後の表層部に部分的にフェライトが形成されて曲げ性の低下問題が生じるおそれがある。
焼鈍後に巻取られた熱延鋼板を亜鉛、アルミニウムまたはこれらを含む合金からなるめっき浴に浸漬してめっきする。本発明において、めっき層の形成時に使用されるめっき浴の成分は、特に限定しなくてもよい。但し、非制限的な一実施形態として、本発明で使用されるめっき浴は、亜鉛、亜鉛合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金からなることができる。また、めっき条件は、熱間プレス成形用鋼板に通常適用されるめっき条件であれば、本発明に制限なく適用され得るため、本明細書で特に言及しない。また、本発明の一側面によると、上記めっき浴は、その他の不可避不純物を含むことができ、上記亜鉛合金及びアルミニウム合金も本発明の目的を損なわない範囲内で通常含むことができる成分を含み、特にその他の不可避不純物を含むことができる。
上述した本発明の製造方法によって製造された熱間成形用めっき鋼板について熱間プレス成形し、衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形部材を製造することができる。このとき、上記熱間プレス成形は、当該技術分野で一般的に利用される方法を適用することができる。但し、非制限的な一実施形態として、熱間成形用めっき鋼板をAc3~950℃の温度範囲で1~15分間熱処理した後、プレスして熱間成形することができる。
まず、下記表1に示した合金組成を有するスラブを用意し、上記スラブを下記表2に示した製造条件でスラブ加熱、熱間圧延、巻取して熱延鋼板を製造した。この後、表2に示した焼鈍条件で焼鈍した後、亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬し、片面当たりのめっき量が70g/m2となるようにめっきしてめっき鋼板を製造した。
Claims (10)
- 重量%で、C:0.15~0.4%、Si:0.1~1%、Mn:0.6~8%、P:
0.001~0.05%、S:0.0001~0.02%、Al:0.01~0.1%、
N:0.001~0.02%、Cr:0.01~0.5%、残部Fe及びその他の不純物
からなる素地鋼板;及び
前記素地鋼板の表面に形成された亜鉛、アルミニウムまたはこれらを含む合金からなる
めっき層;を含み、
前記素地鋼板のC含有量(CB)に対する表層部のC含有量(CS)の比(CS/CB
)が0.6以下であり、
前記素地鋼板のMn及びCrの含有量の合計(MnB+CrB)に対する表層部のMn
及びCrの含有量の合計(MnS+CrS)の比((MnS+CrS)/(MnB+Cr
B))が0.8以上である、熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用めっき鋼板。
(ここで、前記表層部は、前記めっき層を除いた素地鋼板の表面から15μm深さまで
の領域を意味する。) - 前記素地鋼板は、重量%で、B:0.0005~0.01%及びTi:0.01~0.
05%のうち1種以上をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱
間成形用めっき鋼板。 - 前記素地鋼板の微細組織は、面積%で、
表層部ではフェライト40~100%、残部はパーライト、ベイナイトまたはマルテン
サイトを0~60%含み、
中心部ではフェライト30~90%、残部はパーライト、ベイナイトまたはマルテンサ
イトを10~70%含む、請求項1に記載の熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用め
っき鋼板。 - 重量%で、C:0.15~0.4%、Si:0.1~1%、Mn:0.6~8%、P:
0.001~0.05%、S:0.0001~0.02%、Al:0.01~0.1%、
N:0.001~0.02%、Cr:0.01~0.5%、残部Fe及びその他の不純物
からなる素地鋼板;及び
前記素地鋼板の表面に形成された亜鉛またはアルミニウムを含む合金からなる合金めっ
き層;を含み、
前記素地鋼板のC含有量(CB)に対する部材表層部のC含有量(CPS)の比(CP
S/CB)が1.2以下であり、
前記素地鋼板のMn及びCrの含有量の合計(MnB+CrB)に対する部材表層部の
Mn及びCrの含有量の合計(MnPS+CrPS)の比((MnPS+CrPS)/(
MnB+CrB))が0.8以上である、衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形部材。
(ここで、前記部材表層部は、前記合金めっき層を除いた素地鋼板の表面から25μm
深さまでの領域を意味する。) - 前記素地鋼板は、重量%で、B:0.0005~0.01%及びTi:0.01~0.
05%のうち1種以上をさらに含む、請求項4に記載の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形部材。 - 前記部材表層部のマルテンサイト粒界におけるフェライト被覆率が30%以下である、
請求項4に記載の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形部材。 - 重量%で、C:0.15~0.4%、Si:0.1~1%、Mn:0.6~8%、P:
0.001~0.05%、S:0.0001~0.02%、Al:0.01~0.1%、
N:0.001~0.02%、Cr:0.01~0.5%、残部Fe及びその他の不純物
からなるスラブを用意して1050~1300℃の温度で加熱する段階;
加熱された前記スラブを800~950℃の仕上げ熱間圧延の温度範囲で熱間圧延して
熱延鋼板を得る段階;
仕上げ熱間圧延の終了後、前記熱延鋼板を450~750℃で巻取る段階;
巻取られた前記熱延鋼板を740~860℃で加熱し、露点温度が-10~30℃であ
る雰囲気で10~600秒間焼鈍する段階;及び
焼鈍後、前記熱延鋼板を亜鉛、アルミニウムまたはこれらを含む合金からなるめっき浴
に浸漬してめっきする段階;
を含む、熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用めっき鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記熱間圧延後に巻取する前に、冷間圧延して冷延鋼板を得る段階をさらに含む、請求
項7に記載の熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱間成形用めっき鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記スラブは、重量%で、B:0.00005~0.01%及びTi:0.01~0.
05%のうち1種以上をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の熱間成形後の衝撃特性に優れた熱
間成形用めっき鋼板の製造方法。 - 請求項7から9のいずれか一項により製造された熱間成形用めっき鋼板をAc3~95
0℃の温度範囲で1~15分間熱処理した後、熱間プレス成形する、衝撃特性に優れた熱
間成形部材の製造方法。
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