JP7230671B2 - 排ガス浄化フィルタ - Google Patents
排ガス浄化フィルタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7230671B2 JP7230671B2 JP2019086489A JP2019086489A JP7230671B2 JP 7230671 B2 JP7230671 B2 JP 7230671B2 JP 2019086489 A JP2019086489 A JP 2019086489A JP 2019086489 A JP2019086489 A JP 2019086489A JP 7230671 B2 JP7230671 B2 JP 7230671B2
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- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- pore
- catalyst
- catalyst layer
- filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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Description
上記基材は、多数の細孔121が形成された隔壁(12)と、該隔壁によって区画され、排ガス(G)の流路を形成する複数のセル(13)とを有するハニカム構造部(10)と、上記セルにおける上記排ガスの流入端面(14)又は流出端面(15)を互い違いに閉塞する目封止部(16)と、を備え、
上記隔壁は、ガス透過係数が0.35×10-12m2以上であり、細孔径9μm以下の細孔容積率が25%以下であり、平均細孔径が12μm以上であり、
上記触媒層は、上記基材の上記隔壁に担持されており、上記触媒層の担持量が30~150g/Lであり、上記触媒層の平均厚さが6μm以下である、排ガス浄化フィルタにある。
なお、特許請求の範囲及び課題を解決する手段に記載した括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものであり、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。
排ガス浄化フィルタ1に係る実施形態について、図1~図6を参照して説明する。図1に示されるように、排ガス浄化フィルタ1は、ハニカム構造部10と目封止部16とを有する。ハニカム構造部10は、例えば、コージェライトなどのセラミックスから構成され、外皮11、隔壁12、セル13を有する。
次に、細孔径の小さな狭小部を有する排ガス浄化フィルタについて図7を参照しながら説明する。図7には、本形態の排ガス浄化フィルタの隔壁92を示す。図7(a)~(c)は、隔壁92の連通孔(つまり、細孔911、912、913)の形状を簡略化し、連通孔を模式的に示すものである。図7(a)に示されるように、排ガス浄化フィルタの隔壁92には、細孔径の異なる様々な細孔911、912、913が形成されている。本形態では、説明の便宜のため、細孔を、細孔径が大きく、細孔径の小さな狭小部917を有するくびれ型の細孔911と、細孔径が中サイズの細孔912と、細孔径が小サイズの細孔913の3つに分類して説明する。
本例では、表1に示すように、平均細孔径、ガス透過係数、細孔径9μm以下の細孔容積率などが異なる、複数の排ガス浄化フィルタ1を製造する。そして、排ガス浄化フィルタ1の隔壁12に、NOx浄化触媒を含む触媒層17を形成し、NOx浄化率、PMの捕集率などを比較評価する。なお、実験例1以降において用いた符号のうち、既出の実施形態において用いた符号と同一のものは、特に示さない限り、既出の実施形態におけるものと同様の構成要素等を表す。
採取位置を図8(a)~(c)に示す。図8(a)~(c)に示されるように、採取位置は、排ガス浄化フィルタ1における直径の中心部を通るフィルタ軸方向Yの、中央部分1a、流入端面14側の目封止部16の直ぐ内側部分1b、流出端面15側の目封止部16の直ぐ内側部分1cの3か所である。図8(a)~(c)に示すように、フィルタ軸方向と直交方向(具体的には径方向)での排ガス浄化フィルタ1の中心から測定サンプルを採取している。これは、中心ではガス流速が速く、NOxの吹き抜けが起こりやすいため、少なくともこの中心において、ガス透過係数、平均細孔径、細孔径9μm以下の細孔容積率などを上述の所定の範囲に調整することにより、NOx浄化率の向上効果が十分に発現するからである。表1に示す各測定値は、上述の3か所での測定値の算術平均値である。
触媒層17が形成されていない状態、具体的には触媒層形成前の排ガス浄化フィルタ1について測定した。排ガス浄化フィルタ1の隔壁12から測定サンプルを採取し、その測定サンプルの気孔率および平均細孔径を、水銀圧入法の原理を用いた水銀ポロシメータにより測定した。測定サンプルは、フィルタ軸方向Yの長さが1cm、壁厚方向の長さが1cm、フィルタ軸方向と壁厚方向に直交する長さが1cmの略立方体である。平均細孔径は、平均気孔径とも呼ばれる。水銀ポロシメータとしては、島津製作所社製のオートポアIV9500を用いた。
気孔率(%)=総細孔容積/(総細孔容積+1/コージェライトの真比重)×100
触媒層17が形成されていない状態、具体的には触媒層形成前の排ガス浄化フィルタ1について測定した。水銀圧入法の原理を用いた水銀ポロシメータにより、各測定サンプルの細孔径分布を調べた。測定は、上述の気孔率、平均細孔径と同様の方法、条件で行った。細孔径分布から、細孔径が9μm以下の細孔121の容積率を求めた。
ガス透過係数は、ガス流速と圧損との関係から求められる。ガス流速と圧損との関係は、例えば、排ガス浄化フィルタ1から測定サンプルを作製し、その測定サンプルに基づいて測定される。ガス透過係数の測定には、直径30mm、フィルタ軸方向Yの長さ25mmの円柱形状であり、隔壁12の厚み200μmの測定サンプルを用いた。測定サンプルは、例えば車載用の実製品よりも外形寸法の小さな排ガス浄化フィルタ1であり、実製品から所望寸法のフィルタをくり抜くことによって得られる。測定サンプルの採取位置は、上述の3か所である。くり抜かれたフィルタの外皮は、例えばセメンティングにより形成することが可能である。
ΔP=ΔPinlet/exit+ΔPchannel+ΔPwall ・・・(i)
触媒層17が形成されていない状態、具体的には触媒層形成前の排ガス浄化フィルタ1について測定した。排ガス浄化フィルタ1から採取した測定サンプルの隔壁12の連続断層画像を取得した。測定サンプルの採取位置は上述の3か所である。連続断層画像の撮影には、Xradia社製のX線CT装置「Versa XRM-500」を用いた。撮像条件は、電圧:80kV、ステップ:0.1°、分解能:0.684787μm/pixelである。連続断層画像は、例えばTIF形式である。連続断層画像断面を、Math2Market社製のミクロ構造シミュレーションソフト「GeoDict」のインターフェースの1つであるimportGeo-Vol機能を用いて、0.6874787μm/voxelの条件で読み込んだ。そして、読み込み画像の骨部(具体的にはセラミックス部分)と空間部を分離すべく、図10に例示するようなグレー値(gray value図における2つの山に分離した際の交差部を閾値として、隔壁12を3Dモデル化した。その後、ノイズを除去し、所望サイズ(実際には、900voxel×600voxel×隔壁厚さvoxel)となるように不要部分を除去した。隔壁12中の幾何学表面積はGeoDictのモジュールの一つである、Porodict機能の内、Esitimate Surface Areaを用い、その解析詳細はJ.Ohser and F.Mucklich,Statistical Analysis Microstructures in Materials Science, Wiley and Sons, 2000, p.115に記載されている、「Esitimate of real surface area」から導入した。なお、上述の「F.Mucklich」は、正しくは「u」の上にウムラウト記号が付されて表記されるべきであるが、本明細書では、ウムラウト記号を付けずに表記する。上述の3か所での測定値の平均値をGSAとして表1に示す。
触媒層の平均厚さは、触媒担持前後の排ガス浄化フィルタの平均細孔径から算出される。具体的には、触媒層の平均厚さ=(触媒担持前の排ガス浄化フィルタの平均細孔径-触媒担持後の排ガス浄化フィルタの平均細孔径)÷2という式から算出される。各平均細孔径は10個の排ガス浄化フィルタの平均値を採用しており、各排ガス浄化フィルタからの測定サンプルの採取位置は、図8に示す通りの3か所である。その結果を表1に示す。
触媒層17が形成された状態、具体的には触媒層形成後の排ガス浄化フィルタ1について測定した。図11に示されるように、排ガス浄化フィルタ1を排気量2.0L、自然吸気、4気筒のガソリン直噴エンジンEの排気管P内に取り付けた。具体的には、排ガス浄化フィルタ1に図示しないセラミックマットを巻き付けて、フィルタケースC内に挿入した。次いで、エンジンEの排気管PにフィッティングコーンFを介してフィルタケースCを連結し、排ガス浄化フィルタ1にエンジンEからの排ガスGを流した。次いで、A/Fセンサ8によりA/F(つまり空燃比:空気/燃料)をモニタしながらその値を14.4にコントロールし、吸入空気量10g/s、エンジンEの回転数1500rpmという条件にて、ガス濃度計7により排ガスG中のNOx濃度を測定した。ガス濃度計7としては、排ガス浄化フィルタ1に流入する前の入り側のNOx濃度を測定するための第1ガス濃度計71と、排ガス浄化フィルタ1から流出する出側のNOx濃度を測定するための第2ガス濃度計72を用いた。第1ガス濃度計71、第2ガス濃度計72は、いずれも(株)堀場製作所製の「MEXA-7500」である。また、A/Fセンサ8としては、排ガス浄化フィルタ1に流入する前の入り側のA/F濃度を測定するための第1のA/Fセンサ81と、排ガス浄化フィルタ1から流出する出側のA/F濃度を測定するための第2のA/Fセンサ82を用いた。A/F:14.4は、WLTC(Worldwide-harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle)モード走行で最頻出するA/F値である。吸入空気量50g/s、エンジン回転数3500rpmという条件は、高負荷走行時の運転条件を模擬したものであり、排ガス温度が例えば750℃以上という高温度領域になる。NOx浄化率は、第1ガス濃度計71にて測定される入り側のNOx濃度と、第2ガス濃度計72にて測定される出側のNOx濃度とから、下記の式に基づいて算出される。
NOx浄化率=100×(入り側のNOx濃度-出側のNOx濃度)/入り側のNOx濃度
触媒層17が形成された状態、具体的には触媒層形成後の排ガス浄化フィルタ1について測定した。図12に示されるように、NOx浄化率の測定と同様に、排ガス浄化フィルタ1を排気量2.0L、自然吸気、4気筒のガソリン直噴エンジンEの排気管P内に取り付けた。そして、エンジンEからの排ガスGを排ガス浄化フィルタ1に流した。PMセンサ6により排ガス浄化フィルタ1に流入する前の入り側のPM濃度と、排ガス浄化フィルタ1から流出する出側のPM濃度とを測定した。測定条件は、温度720℃、排ガス流量11.0m3/minとした。いずれの測定も、排ガス浄化フィルタ1内にPMが堆積していない初期状態について行った。入り側のPM濃度は、第1PMセンサ61により測定され、出側のPM濃度は、第2PMセンサ62により測定される。PMの捕集率は、入り側のPM濃度と出側のPM濃度から下記の式に基づいて算出される。
PM捕集率=100×(入り側のPM濃度-出側のPM濃度)/入り側のPM濃度
次に、排ガス浄化フィルタ1の配置例について説明する。本形態では、排ガス浄化フィルタ1が車両に搭載される場合の配置例を示す。図15(a)に示されるように、排気管P内には、エンジンEから排出される排ガスGの流れ方向における上流側に、S/C触媒1A(すなわち、start catalyst触媒)が配置される。
Claims (5)
- 基材と、該基材に形成された、NOx浄化触媒を含む触媒層とを有する排ガス浄化フィルタ(1)であって、
上記基材は、多数の細孔121が形成された隔壁(12)と、該隔壁によって区画され、排ガス(G)の流路を形成する複数のセル(13)とを有するハニカム構造部(10)と、上記セルにおける上記排ガスの流入端面(14)又は流出端面(15)を互い違いに閉塞する目封止部(16)と、を備え、
上記隔壁は、ガス透過係数が0.35×10-12m2以上であり、細孔径9μm以下の細孔容積率が25%以下であり、平均細孔径が12μm以上であり、
上記触媒層は、上記基材の上記隔壁に担持されており、上記触媒層の担持量が30~150g/Lであり、上記触媒層の平均厚さが6μm以下である、排ガス浄化フィルタ。 - 上記隔壁のガス透過係数が3.0×10-12m2以下である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
- 上記隔壁の細孔径9μm以下の細孔容積率が10%以上、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
- 上記隔壁の平均細孔径が25μm以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
- 上記隔壁の単位体積当たりの細孔壁面積が70000μm2/μm3以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
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US (1) | US12251691B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3960289B8 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7230671B2 (ja) |
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EP3960289B8 (en) | 2023-11-15 |
US20220042436A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
US12251691B2 (en) | 2025-03-18 |
CN113766974A (zh) | 2021-12-07 |
CN113766974B (zh) | 2023-05-09 |
EP3960289B1 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
EP3960289A4 (en) | 2022-07-20 |
JP2020182887A (ja) | 2020-11-12 |
EP3960289A1 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
WO2020217776A1 (ja) | 2020-10-29 |
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