JP7196514B2 - 希土類焼結磁石 - Google Patents
希土類焼結磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7196514B2 JP7196514B2 JP2018189121A JP2018189121A JP7196514B2 JP 7196514 B2 JP7196514 B2 JP 7196514B2 JP 2018189121 A JP2018189121 A JP 2018189121A JP 2018189121 A JP2018189121 A JP 2018189121A JP 7196514 B2 JP7196514 B2 JP 7196514B2
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- rare earth
- sintered magnet
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 56
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tb+3].[Tb+3] SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/0536—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals sintered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
- C22C1/0441—Alloys based on intermetallic compounds of the type rare earth - Co, Ni
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0572—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes with a protective layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15325—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing rare earths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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Description
(1)スパッタによるDy/Tb金属膜(非特許文献1~3)
(2)非金属系化合物(フッ化物/酸化物等)粉末の塗布(特許文献2)
(3)フッ化物と水素化Caの塗布により熱処理時にフッ化物を重希土類金属に還元させて拡散させる(非特許文献4)
(4)Dy蒸気拡散(Dyメタル/合金を熱処理ボックスに投入し、拡散処理時に蒸気となったDyを磁石に拡散させる)(特許文献3~4、非特許文献5~6)
(5)金属系(単体、水素化物、合金)粉末の塗布(特許文献5~6、非特許文献7~8)
[1] R1 aR2 bTcMdBe組成(R1 は、Sc及びYを含みTb及びDyを除く希土類元素から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の元素であり、R2はTb、Dyから選ばれる1種又は2種であり、TはFeあるいはFeとCo、MはAl、Cu、Zn、In、Si、P、S、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Ga、Ge、Zr、Nb、Mo、Pd、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Hf、Ta、Wの中から選ばれる1種又は2種以上であり、Bはホウ素、a~eは合金組成の原子%で、12≦a+b≦17、0.01≦d≦11、3≦e≦15、残部がc)からなる焼結磁石体であって、Nd2Fe14B型正方晶構造をとる主相粒子を有し、該焼結磁石体の表面より少なくとも500μm以内において、前記主相粒子の表面近傍の少なくとも一部に、原子%で表されるR2濃度が粒子中心部よりも高いレイヤー1と、その外郭に形成された該レイヤー1よりも前記R2濃度が低いレイヤー2と、さらにその外郭に形成された該レイヤー2よりも前記R2濃度が高いレイヤー3とを含む多重のレイヤーを有する複層主相粒子が存在することを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石。
[2] 上記複層主相粒子は、粒子中心部からレイヤー1、レイヤー2、レイヤー3へと、上記R2濃度が増加又は減少のいずれの場合も原子%で1%/nm以下の変化率で変化している[1]の希土類焼結磁石。
[3] 上記複層主相粒子に含まれる上記レイヤー1、レイヤー2、レイヤー3の各R2濃度から、粒子中心部の平均R2濃度を差し引いた値をそれぞれ原子%でC1、C2、C3とし、C1の最大値をC1max、C2の最小値をC2min、C3の最大値をC3max、C1maxとC3maxとでより小さい値をCmaxとしたとき、C1maxは0.5%以上8%以下、C2minはCmaxの70%以下、C3maxは0.5%以上8%以下であり、C1は(C2min+Cmax)/2<C1≦C1maxを、C2はC2min≦C2≦(C2min+Cmax)/2を、C3は(C2min+Cmax)/2<C3≦C3maxをそれぞれ満たす[1]又は[2]の希土類焼結磁石。
[4] 上記レイヤー1~3の厚さが、それぞれ0.02~1.5μmである[1]~[3]のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
[5] 上記複層主相粒子と結晶粒界相を介して隣接する粒子には、該複層主相粒子の上記多重のレイヤーが存在する領域と対向する領域に上記多重のレイヤーが存在しない[1]~[4]のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
[6] 上記主相粒子三個以上に取り囲まれた三重点の少なくとも一部に、角部を有しない形状のR1およびR2を含む酸化物粒子が存在し、更に該酸化物粒子の少なくとも一部が、原子%で表されるR2濃度が、該粒子の中心部よりも高いレイヤーAと、その外郭に形成された該レイヤーAよりも前記R2濃度が低いレイヤーBと、さらにその外郭に形成された該レイヤーBよりも前記R2濃度が高いレイヤーCとを含む多重のレイヤーを有する複層酸化物粒子である[1]~[5]のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
[7] 上記複層酸化物粒子は、粒子中心部からレイヤーA、レイヤーB、レイヤーCへと、上記R2濃度が増加又は減少のいずれの場合も原子%で1%/nm以下の変化率で変化している[6]の希土類焼結磁石。
[8] 上記複層酸化物粒子に含まれる上記レイヤーA、レイヤーB、レイヤーCの各R2濃度から、粒子中心部の平均R2濃度を差し引いた値をそれぞれ原子%でXA、XB、XCとし、XAの最大値をXAmax、XBの最小値をXBmin、XCの最大値をXCmax、XAmaxとXCmaxとでより小さい値をXmaxとしたとき、XAmaxは1%以上20%以下、XBminはXmaxの70%以下、XCmaxは1%以上20%以下であり、XAは(XBmin+Xmax)/2<XA≦XAmaxを、XBはXBmin≦XB≦(XBmin+Xmax)/2を、XCは(XBmin+Xmax)/2<XC≦XCmaxをそれぞれ満たす[6]又は[7]の希土類焼結磁石。
[9] 上記レイヤーA~Cの厚さが、それぞれ0.05~1μmである[6]~[8]のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
[10] 上記酸化物粒子にC、N、Fから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の元素が含まれている[6]~[9]のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
Ndが14.5原子%、Coが2.0原子%、Alが0.5原子%、Cuが0.2原子%、Bが6.1原子%、Feが残部からなる薄板状の合金を、純度99質量%以上のNd、Co、Al、Fe、Cuメタルとフェロボロンを用いてAr雰囲気中で高周波溶解した後、銅製単ロールに注湯するストリップキャスト法により得た。この合金を室温にて0.11MPaの水素下に曝して水素を吸蔵させた後、真空排気を行いながら500℃まで加熱して部分的に水素を放出させ、冷却してから篩にかけ、50メッシュ以下の粗粉末とした。
Ndが13.5原子%、Dyが1.0原子%、Coが3.0原子%、Alが0.5原子%、Cuが0.2原子%、Zrが0.1原子%、Bが6.0原子%、Feが残部からなる薄板状の合金を、純度99質量%以上のNd、Dy、Co、Al、Fe、Cu、Zrメタルとフェロボロンを用いてAr雰囲気中で高周波溶解した後、銅製単ロールに注湯するストリップキャスト法により得た。この合金を室温にて0.11MPaの水素下に曝して水素を吸蔵させた後、真空排気を行いながら500℃まで加熱して部分的に水素を放出させ、冷却してから篩にかけ、50メッシュ以下の粗粉末とした。
Ndが13.5原子%、Tbが0.5原子%、Coが1.0原子%、Alが0.2原子%、Cuが0.2原子%、Zrが0.1原子%、Gaが0.1原子%、Bが5.8原子%、Feが残部からなる薄板状の合金を、純度99質量%以上のNd、Dy、Co、Al、Fe、Cu、Zr、Gaメタルとフェロボロンを用いてAr雰囲気中で高周波溶解した後、銅製単ロールに注湯するストリップキャスト法により得た。この合金を室温にて0.11MPaの水素下に曝して水素を吸蔵させた後、真空排気を行いながら500℃まで加熱して部分的に水素を放出させ、冷却してから篩にかけ、50メッシュ以下の粗粉末とした。
Claims (10)
- R1 aR2 bTcMdBe組成(R1 は、Sc及びYを含みTb及びDyを除く希土類元素から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の元素であり、R2はTb、Dyから選ばれる1種又は2種であり、TはFeあるいはFeとCo、MはAl、Cu、Zn、In、Si、P、S、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Ga、Ge、Zr、Nb、Mo、Pd、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Hf、Ta、Wの中から選ばれる1種又は2種以上であり、Bはホウ素、a~eは合金組成の原子%で、12≦a+b≦17、0.01≦d≦11、3≦e≦15、残部がc)からなる焼結磁石体であって、Nd2Fe14B型正方晶構造をとる主相粒子を有し、該焼結磁石体の表面より少なくとも500μm以内において、前記主相粒子の表面近傍の少なくとも一部に、原子%で表されるR2濃度が粒子中心部よりも高いレイヤー1と、その外郭に形成された該レイヤー1よりも前記R2濃度が低いレイヤー2と、さらにその外郭に形成された該レイヤー2よりも前記R2濃度が高いレイヤー3とを含む多重のレイヤーを有する複層主相粒子が存在することを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記複層主相粒子は、粒子中心部からレイヤー1、レイヤー2、レイヤー3へと、上記R2濃度が増加又は減少のいずれの場合も原子%で1%/nm以下の変化率で変化している請求項1記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記複層主相粒子に含まれる上記レイヤー1、レイヤー2、レイヤー3の各R2濃度から、粒子中心部の平均R2濃度を差し引いた値をそれぞれ原子%でC1、C2、C3とし、C1の最大値をC1max、C2の最小値をC2min、C3の最大値をC3max、C1maxとC3maxとでより小さい値をCmaxとしたとき、C1maxは0.5%以上8%以下、C2minはCmaxの70%以下、C3maxは0.5%以上8%以下であり、C1は(C2min+Cmax)/2<C1≦C1maxを、C2はC2min≦C2≦(C2min+Cmax)/2を、C3は(C2min+Cmax)/2<C3≦C3maxをそれぞれ満たす請求項1又は2記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記レイヤー1~3の厚さが、それぞれ0.02~1.5μmである請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記複層主相粒子と結晶粒界相を介して隣接する粒子には、該複層主相粒子の上記多重のレイヤーが存在する領域と対向する領域に上記多重のレイヤーが存在しない請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記主相粒子三個以上に取り囲まれた三重点の少なくとも一部に、角部を有しない形状のR1およびR2を含む酸化物粒子が存在し、更に該酸化物粒子の少なくとも一部が、原子%で表されるR2濃度が、該粒子の中心部よりも高いレイヤーAと、その外郭に形成された該レイヤーAよりも前記R2濃度が低いレイヤーBと、さらにその外郭に形成された該レイヤーBよりも前記R2濃度が高いレイヤーCとを含む多重のレイヤーを有する複層酸化物粒子である請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記複層酸化物粒子は、粒子中心部からレイヤーA、レイヤーB、レイヤーCへと、上記R2濃度が増加又は減少のいずれの場合も原子%で1%/nm以下の変化率で変化している請求項6記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記複層酸化物粒子に含まれる上記レイヤーA、レイヤーB、レイヤーCの各R2濃度から、粒子中心部の平均R2濃度を差し引いた値をそれぞれ原子%でXA、XB、XCとし、XAの最大値をXAmax、XBの最小値をXBmin、XCの最大値をXCmax、XAmaxとXCmaxとでより小さい値をXmaxとしたとき、XAmaxは1%以上20%以下、XBminはXmaxの70%以下、XCmaxは1%以上20%以下であり、XAは(XBmin+Xmax)/2<XA≦XAmaxを、XBはXBmin≦XB≦(XBmin+Xmax)/2を、XCは(XBmin+Xmax)/2<XC≦XCmaxをそれぞれ満たす請求項6又は7記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記レイヤーA~Cの厚さが、それぞれ0.05~1μmである請求項6乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記酸化物粒子にC、N、Fから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の元素が含まれている請求項6乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
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JP7565148B2 (ja) | 2016-12-28 | 2024-10-10 | 小林製薬株式会社 | 外用組成物 |
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KR20200038874A (ko) | 2020-04-14 |
EP3633696A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
EP3633696B1 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
CN111009367B (zh) | 2024-08-02 |
US11798716B2 (en) | 2023-10-24 |
CN111009367A (zh) | 2020-04-14 |
KR102660624B1 (ko) | 2024-04-25 |
JP2020057734A (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
US20200111591A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
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