JP7149178B2 - Grinding method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a grinding method for grinding a workpiece.

Thin-walled punches for punching and forming slits and the like have become thinner in recent years. Conventionally, when grinding such a punch, in order to prevent the workpiece from vibrating or being distorted due to lack of rigidity during grinding, the machining accuracy deteriorates. Grinding is performed by fixing to a table (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-7-1331

As in the grinding method disclosed in Patent Literature 1, in the method of grinding by attaching a reinforcing member such as a backing plate to the workpiece, skill is required for attaching the reinforcing member, and processing setup takes time. Therefore, there is a problem that the grinding process is generally complicated. In addition, there is also the problem that it is difficult to automate the grinding process because manual intervention is always required, such as attaching the reinforcing material and changing the attachment position according to the processing setup.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a grinding method that eliminates the need for a reinforcing material for a workpiece, maintains high machining accuracy, and can be automated. aim.

A grinding method according to the present invention is a grinding method in which a work table that supports a work and a grinding wheel are moved relative to each other, and the work is ground by the grinding wheel into a thin workpiece, A rough grinding step of roughing the workpiece into a thick shape thicker than the final thin shape of the workpiece, and a finish grinding step of finishing the thick shaped workpiece into the final thin shape. dividing a region from one end to the other end in a plan view of the work into a plurality of processing regions, leaving the processing region of the other end as a work supporting portion, and forming the one side After performing the rough machining and the finish machining on one machining area from the machining area of the end toward the work support part, perform the rough machining and the finish machining on the next machining area It is characterized by

In the grinding method of the present invention, after the rough grinding step and the finish grinding step are performed on a machining region other than the work support portion, the work support portion may be ground away from the work. .

Further, the work table has a rotary table that rotatably supports the work with respect to the grinding wheel, and the rough grinding process and the finish grinding process are performed for each process in each processing area, The rotary table may rotate the portion of the workpiece to be machined relative to the grinding wheel.

Further, the grinding wheel includes a first grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel having a grinding wheel with a larger count than the first grinding wheel, and the rough grinding step uses the first grinding wheel. The finish grinding step may be performed using the second grinding wheel.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, automation can be attained, maintaining high processing precision, without the reinforcing material of a workpiece|work in grinding.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing a workpiece formed by a grinding method according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a top view which shows the same workpiece roughly. It is a front view which shows roughly the whole structure of the grinding apparatus which can implement|achieve the same grinding process method. It is a top view which abbreviate|omits and shows a part of same grinding apparatus roughly. It is a rear view which abbreviate|omits and shows a part of same grinding apparatus roughly. It is a functional block diagram which shows functionally the whole structure of the same grinding apparatus. It is a top view which shows roughly the unprocessed workpiece|work in the same grinding apparatus. It is a processing process diagram for explaining the grinding processing by the same grinding processing method. It is a processing process diagram for explaining the grinding processing by the same grinding processing method.

A grinding method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to each claim, and not all combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential to the solution of the invention. do not have.

[Grinded workpiece]
First, an example of a workpiece formed by the grinding method according to this embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a workpiece molded from an unprocessed workpiece by the grinding method of the present embodiment is, for example, a thin punch 30 having a thin-walled molded portion. The thin blade punch 30 includes a fixed portion 31 fixed to a work clamp or the like, a punch body portion 32 positioned above the fixed portion 31 in FIG. 1, and a punch body portion 32 positioned above the punch body portion 32 in FIG. and a punch cutting edge portion 33 . Of the punch main body portion 32 and the punch cutting edge portion 33, at least the punch cutting edge portion 33 constitutes the overall cutting edge shape of the thin punch 30, and is formed by grinding according to the grinding method of the present embodiment.

[Overall Configuration of Grinding Device]
Here, an example of a grinding apparatus capable of implementing the grinding method according to the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the grinding apparatus 1 includes a work table 2 for supporting a work W to be ground, a grinding wheel 3, and a control device 4. The work W on the work table 2 is ground by relatively moving it. The work table 2 is mounted on a base 5 and is driven, for example, in the X-axis direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 3) and the Y-axis direction via a three-axis drive mechanism 6 controlled by a control device 4. (left and right direction in FIG. 3) and Z-axis direction (up and down direction in FIG. 3).

4 and 5, the work table 2 includes a rotary table 7 that supports the work W so as to be rotatable in the direction of arrow A in FIG. The work W is detachably fixed on the rotary table 7 by a work clamp or the like (not shown). A dummy work DW is detachably attached to the work table 2 .

The grinding wheel 3 is a disk-shaped member for grinding the work W or the dummy work DW (hereinafter referred to as "work W etc."). The grinding wheel 3 is provided to be rotatable and movable (reciprocating), for example, in the Z-axis direction by means of a grinding wheel mount 8 provided on the base 5 . The grinding wheel 3 includes, for example, a first grinding wheel having a grinding wheel with a small number and a second grinding wheel having a grinding stone with a larger number than the first grinding wheel.

The first grinding wheel is, for example, a flat grinding wheel whose tip shape forms a surface parallel to the grinding wheel axis, and the second grinding wheel is, for example, a finishing whetstone whose tip shape has a cutting edge with an acute angle (about 15°). is. The grinding wheel 3 may further include a plurality of grinding wheels having grinding wheels of different counts.

The grinding machine 1 also has a camera 9 installed above the work table 2 . The camera 9 is attached to a camera stand 10 provided on the base 5, and images the work W and the like on the work table 2 from vertically above. Note that the camera pedestal 10 may be provided on the grinding wheel pedestal 8, or the camera 9 may be replaced with a projector or the like.

With such a configuration, the grinding wheel 3 is rotated and moved up and down under the control of the control device 4, and the work table 2 is moved in the X-, Y-, and Z-axis directions while the rotary table 7 is rotated. 3 makes it possible to grind the workpiece W or the like. The work W or the like is imaged by being positioned below the camera 9 .

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. Prepare. The control device 4 also includes an NC program (NC command data) generation means 19 , a parameter table 21 and a servo motor control means 22 .

The image memory 11 stores image data such as the grinding shape of the work W imaged by the camera 9 . The shape memory 13 stores data on the machining shape of the workpiece W that is appropriately input from an external device such as a keyboard or CAD via the input means 12 . The CPU 15 controls the entire grinding apparatus 1 and executes a grinding program (NC program) that implements the grinding method according to the present embodiment.

The CPU 15 and the display I/F 16 display the machining shape of the work W on the display 14 based on the data stored in the shape memory 13, and display the tip of the grinding wheel 3 based on the image data stored in the image memory 11. The shape is displayed on display 14 . The shape of the tip of the grinding wheel 3 refers to the vicinity of the tip of the grinding wheel of the grinding marks formed on the dummy work DW by moving the grinding wheel 3 in a direction orthogonal to the grinding wheel axis (rotating axis) of the grinding wheel 3. refers to the shape of Further, on the display 14, icons and buttons for display operation are displayed, which can be instructed to appropriately change the display mode such as enlargement/reduction display, rotation display, etc. for the displayed image of the processing shape of the workpiece W. .

Note that the control device 4 is provided with an image manipulation means 17 . The image operation means 17 operates an operation device such as a joystick or a mouse for moving the tip shape of the grinding wheel 3 in, for example, the X- and Y-axis directions with respect to the image of the processing shape of the workpiece W displayed on the display 14. It is configured. The image manipulation means 17 may be configured to display a plurality of arrow icons or the like indicating the movement directions of the X and Y axes on the display 14 .

The position data memory 18 stores the image of the machining shape of the workpiece W on the display 14, and the grinding wheel 3 relative to the workpiece W when the tip shape of the grinding wheel 3 is moved in the X- and Y-axis directions and sequentially contacted. The position data of the teaching positions in the X and Y axis directions are stored sequentially. In order to store the position data in the position data memory 18, for example, the image of the tip shape of the grinding wheel 3 is in contact with the image of the machining shape of the workpiece W via the input means 12, and the keyboard is entered. This is done by operating a key or the like.

The NC program generating means 19 calculates the movement path of the grinding wheel 3 with respect to the work W based on the position data of the teaching positions sequentially stored in the position data memory 18, and generates an NC program (NC command data). The NC program generating means 19 creates a line connecting a plurality of position data (three position data in the case of an arc) sequentially read out from the position data memory 18 and a plurality of teaching positions based on the position data to form a straight line or a clockwise direction. The movement path of the grinding wheel 3 along the machining shape of the workpiece W is calculated based on the input signal from the direction indicating means 20 indicating the circular arc or counterclockwise circular arc.

The moving speed of the grinding wheel 3 with respect to the work W along the calculated moving path is a parameter given in advance as a moving speed corresponding to, for example, the inclination angle of a straight line with respect to the X-axis or the Y-axis, the curvature of a circular arc, or the like. The table 21 is searched for speed parameters corresponding to the straight line portion and the arc portion included in the calculated movement path, and the NC program is generated. The parameter table 21 is provided with other various parameters used for generating the NC program.

The generated NC program is used by the servo motor control means 22 to perform servo control of the X-axis servo motor 23, the Y-axis servo motor 24 and the Z-axis servo motor 25 in the three-axis drive mechanism 6, and the rotation servo motor 26 in the rotary table 7. It is used to perform servo control of

[Grinding by Grinding Equipment]
Next, a grinding method according to the present embodiment using the grinding apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described.
First, the workpiece W before grinding (unprocessed) will be described.
As shown in FIG. 7, the unprocessed workpiece W is composed of, for example, a rectangular block in plan view, and divided into a plurality of processing areas. Specifically, along the central axis WP in the longitudinal direction, for example, from one longitudinal end to the other longitudinal end, a first processing region 41, a second processing region 42, and a third processing region 43 , and a fourth processing area 44 . The plurality of processing regions may be appropriately divided into a first processing region 41, a second processing region 42, .

Each of the machining regions 41 to 44 further includes a plurality of machining regions bordering on the central axis WP, that is, the 1a machining region 41a, the 1b machining region 41b, the 2a machining region 42a, the 2b machining region 42b, and the 3a machining region. It is divided into a region 43a, a third b processing region 43b, a fourth a processing region 44a, and a fourth b processing region 44b.

In the grinding method according to the present embodiment, when grinding the workpiece W into the final thin-walled workpiece, that is, the thin-blade punch 30 having the thin-walled molding portion, the workpiece W is made thicker than the thin-walled shape, for example. A step of roughing into a first thick shape (first step; rough grinding step), and semi-finishing of the roughly-machined work W into a second thick shape that is thinner than this and thicker than the final thin shape. and a step of finishing the semi-finished workpiece W into a final thin shape (third step; finish grinding step). Note that only the rough grinding process and the finish grinding process may be executed depending on the grinding process mode.

Then, these rough machining, intermediate finishing machining and finishing machining are performed while leaving the fourth machining area of a part (end on the other side) of the unmachined workpiece W as the workpiece support portion 50 (see FIG. 9(f)). , from the first machining area 41 on the far side (one end) from the work supporting part 50 to the work supporting part 50, the machining areas 41 to 44 of the work W are combined for a plurality of times in stages. Thus, the thin punch 30 is formed. That is, after performing each of the above processes on one processing area (for example, the first processing area 41), perform each of the above processes on the next processing area (for example, the second processing area 42). As a result, the next-stage processing area where the grinding process is performed acts as a reinforcing material, so that a reinforcing material such as the backing plate of the prior art can be eliminated for each processing area. In this embodiment, the work support part 50 is included in the fourth processing area 44 and has a function and a role of a reinforcing member during grinding of the work W, but the thin punch 30 is formed and finally It is removed from the workpiece W by grinding.

In the grinding process, first, as shown in FIG. 8(a), the work W and the flat grindstone 3a are moved in the X-axis direction by the flat grindstone 3a, which is the first grinding wheel, in the 1a processing region 41a of the work W. and the Y-axis direction (and the Z-axis direction, the same applies hereinafter) to perform rough machining. Next, as shown in FIG. 8(b), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing so that the 1b processing area 41b of the work W is substantially opposite the flat grindstone 3a, and the work W and the flat grindstone are pressed together. 3a is relatively moved in each axial direction (hereinafter simply referred to as "relative movement") in the same manner as described above, and the 1b machining region 41b is roughly machined.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 8(c), after the flat grinding wheel 3a is replaced with the finishing grinding wheel 3b, which is the second grinding wheel, the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the figure to grind the workpiece W to the first a. The processing region 41a is made to substantially face the finishing grindstone 3b, and the work W and the finishing grindstone 3b are moved relative to each other to perform intermediate finishing on the first processing region 41a.

Then, as shown in FIG. 8(d), the rotary table 7 is rotated so that the 1b processing area 41b of the work W is substantially opposite the finishing grindstone 3b, and the work W and the finishing grindstone 3b are moved relative to each other. The 1b machining region 41b is semi-finished. Thereafter, although illustration is omitted, the work table 2 including the rotary table 7 and the finishing grindstone 3b are appropriately controlled in the same manner as in the semi-finishing process to finish the 1a processing area 41a and the 1b processing area 41b, respectively. In this way, the shape of the cutting edge of the thin punch 30 in the first processing area 41 is formed. In addition, when the first processing region 41 is being ground, the unprocessed workpiece W after the second processing region 42 acts as a reinforcing material for the first processing region 41 .

Next, as shown in FIG. 8(e), after replacing the finishing grindstone 3b with the flat grindstone 3a again, the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing, and the seconda machining region 42a of the workpiece W is moved to the flat grindstone. The workpiece W and the flat grindstone 3a are roughly machined while the work W and the flat grindstone 3a are moved relative to each other. Then, as shown in FIG. 8(f), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the figure to bring the 2b machining region 42b of the workpiece W substantially opposite the flat grindstone 3a, and the workpiece W and the flat grindstone 3a are separated. and are moved relative to each other to roughly machine the 2b machining region 42b.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 8(g), after replacing the flat whetstone 3a with the finishing whetstone 3b, the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing to move the second a processing region 42a of the work W to the finishing whetstone 3b. , and while relatively moving the work W and the finishing grindstone 3b, the seconda processing region 42a is semi-finished.

Then, as shown in FIG. 8(h), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing to bring the second b processing region 42b of the work W to face the finishing grindstone 3b substantially, thereby separating the work W and the finishing grindstone 3b. and are relatively moved to perform semi-finishing on the 2b machining region 42b. After that, although not shown again, the work table 2 including the rotary table 7 and the finishing grindstone 3b are appropriately controlled in the same manner as in the semi-finishing process to finish the 2a machining area 42a and the 2b machining area 42b, respectively. In this way, the shape of the cutting edge of the thin punch 30 in the second processing area 42 is formed. In addition, when the second processing region 42 is being ground, the unprocessed workpiece W after the third processing region 43 acts as a reinforcing material for the second processing region 42 .

Next, as shown in FIG. 9(a), after replacing the finishing grindstone 3b with the flat grindstone 3a again, the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the figure, and the 3a processing region 43a of the work W is moved to the 3rd. The work W and the flat grindstone 3a are made to substantially face each other in a state including a part of the 4a processing area 44a, and while the work W and the flat grindstone 3a are moved relative to each other, the work W and the flat grindstone 3a are overlapped and entered up to a part of the 4a processing area 44a. The 3a processing region 43a is roughly processed in the shape of the shape. As a result, in the direction from the first processing region 41 to the fourth processing region 44, the rough-processed tapered ground surface 53a having a shape gradually separating from the above-described longitudinal central axis WP in a plan view is processed in the 4a processing. It is formed in region 44a.

After that, as shown in FIG. 9(b), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing, and the flat whetstone is mounted on the workpiece W in a state in which the 3b processing region 43b is partially included in the 4b processing region 44b. 3a, the workpiece W and the flat grindstone 3a are moved relative to each other, and the 3b processing region 43b is roughly machined so as to partially overlap the 4b processing region 44b. As a result, in the direction from the first processing region 41 to the fourth processing region 44, the rough-processed tapered ground surface 53b having a shape gradually separating from the above-described longitudinal center axis WP in plan view is the 4b processing. It is formed in region 44a.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9(c), after replacing the flat grindstone 3a with the finishing grindstone 3b, the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing to change the 3a machining area 43a of the work W to the 4a machining area. The work W and the finishing whetstone 3b are made to substantially face each other in a state including a part of the working region 44a, and while the work W and the finishing whetstone 3b are moved relative to each other, the work W and the finishing whetstone 3b overlap and enter a part of the fourth a working region 44a. , the third a machining region 43a is semi-finished. At this time, since the angle of the tapered grinding surface 53a with respect to the central axis WP or the grindstone axis is larger than the tip edge angle of the finishing grindstone 3b, the finishing grindstone 3b is applied to the unprocessed workpiece W in the 4a processing area 44a. Semi-finishing as described above can be performed without interference.

Then, as shown in FIG. 9(d), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing, and the finishing whetstone is mounted on the work W in a state in which the 3b processing region 43b of the workpiece W is partially included in the 4b processing region 44b. 3b, and while relatively moving the work W and the finishing grindstone 3b, the 3b processing region 43b is semi-finished so as to partially overlap and enter the 4b processing region 44b. Also at this time, since the angle of the tapered grinding surface 53a with respect to the central axis WP or the grinding wheel axis is larger than the tip edge angle of the finishing wheel 3b, the finishing wheel 3b moves toward the unprocessed workpiece W in the fourth b processing region 44b. does not interfere with After that, although illustration is omitted again, the work table 2 including the rotary table 7 and the finishing grindstone 3b are appropriately controlled in the same manner as in the semi-finishing process, and the 3a processing area 43a including a part of the 4a processing area 44a and the The 3b processing region 43b including part of the 4b processing region 44b is finished. In this way, the shape of the cutting edge of the thin punch 30 in the third processing area 43 is formed.

In addition, when the third machining area 43 is being ground, the unmachined workpiece W in the fourth machining area 44 serves as the workpiece supporting portion 50 and acts as a reinforcing material for the third machining area 43 . The work support part 50 has a connection part 51 connected with a thickness almost the same as the final thin work W in a plan view, and a thick part connected with the connection part and having the same thickness as the unprocessed work W. , and a base portion 52 having the tapered ground surfaces 53a and 53b described above.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9(e), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the figure to bring the fourth a processing region 44a of the workpiece W substantially opposite the finishing grindstone 3b, thereby separating the workpiece W and the finishing grindstone. 3b, the connection portion 51 of the work support portion 50 in the 4a processing area 44a is semi-finished.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9(f), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the figure to bring the 4b machining region 44b of the workpiece W substantially opposite the finishing grindstone 3b. 3b, the connection portion 51 of the work support portion 50 in the 4b machining region 44b is semi-finished. After that, although illustration is omitted again, the work table 2 including the rotary table 7 and the finishing grindstone 3b are appropriately controlled in the same manner as in the semi-finishing process, so that the work supporting portion 50 in the 4a processing area 44a and the 4b processing area 44b is adjusted. The connecting portions 51 are each finished. At this time, the connecting portion 51 is ground so as to be thinner than the connecting portion 51 shown in FIG. 9(d).

Then, as shown in FIG. 9(g), the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing to bring the 4a processing region 44a of the workpiece W substantially opposite to the finishing grindstone 3b again, thereby removing the workpiece W and the finishing grindstone. 3b, the connection portion 51 of the work support portion 50 in the 4a processing region 44a is gradually thinned and is finally removed from the 4th processing region 44 by semi-finishing. . A portion of the punch main body 32 and the punch cutting edge 33 shown in FIG. 1 are formed by this semi-finishing. Thereafter, a portion of the punch main body 32 and the punch cutting edge 33 in the portion where the connecting portion 51 is removed are finished.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 9(h), after replacing the finishing grindstone 3b with the flat grindstone 3a, the rotary table 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing to move the central axis WP of the fourth processing area 44 of the workpiece W. The base portion 52 of the work supporting portion 50 remaining in the fourth processing area 44 is roughly machined while the work W and the flat grindstone 3a are moved relative to each other with the direction end side substantially facing the flat grindstone 3a. 4 is removed from the machining area 44, and the overall cutting edge shape of the thin punch 30 is formed.

Thus, according to the grinding method of the present embodiment, in the grinding process, the processing region next to the processed portion of the work W functions as a reinforcing material, and the work that remains until it is finally removed Since the supporting portion 50 functions as a reinforcing material, the grinding process can be performed while maintaining high machining accuracy while eliminating the need for a reinforcing material for the workpiece W. In addition, since the work W once set can be ground without removing it for each process, it is possible to automate the grinding process. The execution order of the above-described roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing, the mode of use of the flat grindstone 3a and the finish grindstone 3b, the allocation of the machining areas 41 to 44, the plan view shape of the work support portion 50, etc. It can be set arbitrarily.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, this embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This novel embodiment can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 grinding device 2 work table 3 grinding wheel 4 control device 5 base (base)
6 3-axis drive mechanism 7 rotary table 9 camera 30 thin blade punch 41 first machining area 42 second machining area 43 third machining area 44 fourth machining area 50 work supporting part

Claims (4)

A grinding method for relatively moving a work table that supports a work and a grinding wheel, and grinding the work by the grinding wheel into a workpiece having a fixed portion and a thin shape,
A rough grinding step of roughing the workpiece into a thick shape thicker than the final thin shape of the workpiece;
a finish grinding step of finishing the thick-walled work into the final thin-walled shape,
dividing a region from one end to the other end of the workpiece in plan view into a plurality of processing regions;
While leaving the machining area of the other end as a work support, the rough machining and the finish machining are performed on one machining area from the machining area of the one end toward the work support. After performing, the rough machining and the finish machining are performed on the next machining area,
The rough machining and the finish machining for the one machining area are performed in a state where the machining areas after the next machining area act as reinforcing materials,
The rough machining and the finish machining for the machining area immediately before the work support are performed with the work support acting as a reinforcing material.
A grinding method characterized by: 2. The grinding method according to claim 1, wherein after the rough grinding process and the finish grinding process are performed on a machining region other than the work support part, the work support part is removed from the work by grinding. . The work table has a rotary table that rotatably supports the work with respect to the grinding wheel,
The rough grinding step and the finish grinding step are carried out by turning the workpiece portion to be machined relative to the grinding wheel by the rotary table for each of the steps in each of the machining regions. 3. The grinding method according to claim 1 or 2. The grinding wheel includes a first grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel having a grinding wheel with a larger count than the first grinding wheel,
The rough grinding step is performed using the first grinding wheel, and the finish grinding step is performed using the second grinding wheel, according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Grinding method.

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