JP7143133B2 - 電池の電極活物質層形成用スラリー - Google Patents
電池の電極活物質層形成用スラリー Download PDFInfo
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- JP7143133B2 JP7143133B2 JP2018137148A JP2018137148A JP7143133B2 JP 7143133 B2 JP7143133 B2 JP 7143133B2 JP 2018137148 A JP2018137148 A JP 2018137148A JP 2018137148 A JP2018137148 A JP 2018137148A JP 7143133 B2 JP7143133 B2 JP 7143133B2
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- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1 ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1N KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000687 transition metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
本発明の他の目的は、集電体への密着性を向上させるとともに、電池容量を上昇させた電極活物質層を形成するためのスラリーを提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、電池容量が大きく、且つ電極活物質層と集電体との密着性に優れる電極を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、前記電極を備える電池を提供することにある。
本発明のスラリーは、活物質と水性バインダとを少なくとも含む、電池の電極活物質層を形成するためのスラリーであって、前記水性バインダの含有量が前記活物質100重量部に対して0.1~0.8重量部であり、当該スラリーを遠心分離(例えば、5000rpm×5分)して得られる上澄み液中の水性バインダ含有量が、前記スラリーに含まれる水性バインダ全量の45重量%以上である。
活物質としては、例えば、炭素材(カーボン)、金属単体、珪素単体(シリコン)、珪素化合物、鉱物質(ゼオライト、ケイソウ土、焼成珪成土、タルク、カオリン、セリサイト、ベントナイト、スメクタイト、クレーなど)、金属炭酸塩(炭酸マグネシウム、重質炭酸カルシウム、軽質炭酸カルシウムなど)、金属酸化物(アルミナ、酸化亜鉛、二酸化マンガン、二酸化チタン、二酸化鉛、酸化銀、酸化ニッケル、リチウム含有複合酸化物(LiCoO2等))、金属水酸化物(水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化ニッケル、水酸化カドミウムなど)、金属硫酸塩(硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウムなど)等が挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。活物質としては、中でも、金属酸化物、珪素単体、珪素化合物、炭素材が好ましい。
本発明における水性バインダは、粘着性を発揮して、活物質を集電体の表面に固着させる作用を有する化合物である。尚、本明細書における水性バインダとは、20℃の水に対する溶解性が1g/L以上のバインダ、又は20℃の水に粒子径(粒子径の測定方法:レーザー回折法による)1μm以下で分散するバインダである。
本発明における繊維状物質は、スラリー中においても溶解せず繊維状の形状を保持することができる。繊維状物質はスラリー中において、バインダよりも選択的に活物質の表面に付着する性質を有する。そのため、本発明のスラリーに繊維状物質を添加すれば、バインダが活物質の表面を被覆するのを防止して、スラリー中においてフリーで存在するバインダ量を上昇させることができ、バインダを増量することなく、若しくはバインダ量を従来に比べて減量しても、電極活物質層と集電体との密着性を向上することができ、電池容量の低下を抑制しつつ、若しくは電池容量を一層向上させつつ、電極活物質層と集電体との密着性を向上することができる。
長さ=投影面積/投影径
前記セルロース繊維は、原料パルプの粉砕、摩砕、解砕、爆砕等の公知の方法によって製造することができる。また、前記原料パルプには、綿花リンタや木材パルプ(広葉樹パルプ,針葉樹パルプ)が使用できる。
前記アラミド繊維は2個以上の芳香環がアミド結合を介して結合した構造を有するポリマー(すなわち、全芳香族ポリアミド)からなる繊維であり、前記全芳香族ポリアミドにはメタ型及びパラ型が含まれる。前記全芳香族ポリアミドとしては、例えば、下記式(a)で表される構成単位を有するポリマーが挙げられる。
本発明のスラリーは、上記成分以外にも更に他の成分を1種又は2種以上含有していても良い。他の成分としては、例えば、溶媒、導電付与材等が挙げられる。
本発明の電極は、上記スラリーの固化物からなる電極活物質層と集電体との積層体からなる。本発明の電極はスラリーの固化物と集電体以外の構成要素を含んでいても良い。
本発明の電池は、上記電極を備えることを特徴とする。本発明の電池は、電極(正極、及び負極)とセパレータを積層して巻回したものを、電解液と共に缶などの容器に封入した巻回型電池であっても、電極(正極、及び負極)とセパレータを積層したシート状物を、電解液と共に、比較的柔軟な外装体内部に封じ込めた積層型電池であってもよい。
市販の広葉樹パルプを水で懸濁して、1重量%スラリー液(1)100Lを得た。
次いで、得られたスラリー液に、ディスクリファイナー(長谷川鉄工(株)製、商品名「SUPERFIBRATER400-TFS」)を用いて、クリアランス0.15mm、ディスク回転数1750rpmとして10回叩解処理してリファイナー処理を施した。
リファイナー処理後の1重量%スラリー液に、更に、破砕型ホモバルブシートを備えたホモジナイザー(ゴーリン社製、商品名「15M8AT」)を用いて、処理圧50MPaで50回ホモジナイズ処理を施した。
リファイナー処理及びホモジナイズ処理を施した後の1重量%スラリー液をガーゼで繰り返し濾して、不揮発分濃度9.9重量%のスラリー液を得た。
得られた9.9重量%スラリー液に水を添加し、ホモディスパー(特殊機化工業(株)製、モデルL)を用いて3000rpmで5分間撹拌することで、0.8重量%のスラリー液を得た。得られた0.8重量%スラリー液をCNFスラリー液(1)とする。
得られたCNFスラリー液(1)に含まれる繊維を任意に10本選び出し、選び出された繊維を、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて観察し繊維長と繊維径を測定した。その結果、10本の繊維の平均太さは79.2nm、平均長さは6.14μm、平均アスペクト比(平均長さ/平均太さ)は78であった。
調製例1で得られたCNFスラリー液(1)125gをポリプロピレン製容器に入れ、1.5重量%のCMC水溶液(CMC:カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩、1重量%水溶液の25℃、60回転における粘度:1500~3000mPa・s、ダイセルファインケム(株)製、品番2200)26.7gを添加し、ホモディスパー(特殊機化工業(株)製、モデルL)を用いて3000rpmで1分間撹拌した。
その後、活物質としての人造黒鉛(平均粒子径:約20μm)98.6gを加えて、更に30分間撹拌して、スラリー(1)を得た。
得られたスラリー(1)の粘度を、回転粘度計を使用し、25℃、30回転において測定したところ、9.5Pa・sであった。
得られたスラリー(1)を厚み10μmの銅箔に、乾燥後の厚みが120μmとなるようにアプリケーターにより塗布し、その後、乾燥して塗布されたスラリー(1)を固化して、電極を作製した。
下記表に記載のとおりに処方を変更した以外は実施例1と同様にしてスラリーを得、得られたスラリーを用いて電極を作成した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたスラリーを遠心分離機((株)久保田製作所製、テーブルトップ遠心機4200)を用いて遠心分離(5000rpm×5分)して上澄み液を分取し、上澄み液の粘度を測定した。あらかじめ作製した検量線からCMCの濃度を求め、これをフリーの状態で含まれるCMC量とした。
実施例及び比較例で得られた電極における銅箔と固化物との剥離強度を、90°剥離試験(JIS K6854-1に準じた方法)により測定した。
詳細には、電極(固化物/銅箔)を幅25mm、長さ125mmの大きさに切断して試験片とした。この試験片をアクリル板上に固化物面側がアクリル板に接するように設置し、両面テープを使用して貼り合わせて固定した。
試験片の銅箔の端を引張リ試験機に挟み、引張り速度300mm/分、剥離角度90°で剥離強度(N/m)を測定した。
Claims (8)
- 電池の電極活物質層を形成するためのスラリーであって、活物質(酸素原子が結合した親水性表面を有しており、X線光電子分光法(XPS)により求められる黒鉛表面上のC-C結合とC-O結合とC=O結合の総量を100%とした場合に、C-O結合およびC=O結合の合計割合が35.1%~38.6%である黒鉛を除く)と水性バインダとセルロース繊維を少なくとも含み、
前記水性バインダの含有量が前記活物質100重量部に対して0.1~0.8重量部、
前記セルロース繊維の含有量が前記水性バインダの含有量の1.0~3.0重量倍であり、
当該スラリーを遠心分離して得られる上澄み液中の水性バインダ含有量が、前記スラリーに含まれる水性バインダ全量の45重量%以上であるスラリー。 - スラリーに含まれる不揮発分全量における、活物質の割合が95重量%以上である請求項1に記載のスラリー。
- 前記セルロース繊維の平均太さが30~1000nm、平均アスペクト比が10~1000である請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のスラリー。
- 請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のスラリーの固化物。
- 請求項5に記載の固化物からなる電極活物質層と集電体との積層体からなる電極。
- 電極活物質層と集電体との剥離強度が2.0N/m以上である請求項6に記載の電極。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の電極を備えた電池。
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