JP7125934B2 - 同系交配の遺伝子導入キャノーラ系統ns-b50027-4及びその種子 - Google Patents
同系交配の遺伝子導入キャノーラ系統ns-b50027-4及びその種子 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2017年6月16日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/351,250号の利益を主張するものであり、これは全ての目的のために参照により本明細書に完全に組み込まれるものである。
本出願は配列表を包含しており、これは、EFS-Webを介してASCIIフォーマットで提出され、その全体を引用することで本明細書に完全に組み込まれるものである。
本実施形態は、キャノーラの育種及び農作物の分野に関し、具体的には、同系交配の遺伝子導入キャノーラ系統の指定されたNS-B50027-4の同系交配の種子及び植物、並びにそのような同系交配の植物の誘導体;及び、同系交配の遺伝子導入キャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4を検出する方法に関する。
「系統」は、その明示を共有する個体間の全体的な変異をほとんど表示しない植物の群である。「系統」はまた、少なくとも1つの形質のための個体間の遺伝的変異をほとんど又は全く表示しない同じ遺伝物質を実質的に運ぶ、植物の均質の集合体を指す。「変種」又は「栽培品種」は、「系統」と互換的に使用されてもよいが、一般的に、前者の2つの用語は商業上の生産に適切な系統を指す。例えば、句「親系統に遺伝的に由来する」で使用されるような、「遺伝的に由来する」は、問題の特徴が、問題の植物の遺伝的構成の態様によって全体的又は部分的に指示されることを意味する。
本明細書に記載されているように、キャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4は安定した均一の育種系統である。NS-B50027-4は、植物型の均一性に対しかなりの注意を払うことで育種され、この系統は均一性についての継続的な観察により増大されている。NS-B50027-4は、オーストラリアとカナダの主なキャノーラ成長領域における10の敷地にて、規制当局の認可の下で検定される分野である。発生、苗木の活力、植物の高さ、倒伏、及び収量などの特徴を測定するために、農学的パフォーマンス評価が、複数の敷地での現地調査において行なわれた。全ての現地試行も、日和見疾患又は昆虫のストレス要因の他、通常の表現型の特徴について観察された。
キャノーラにおける導入遺伝子の形質発現は、導入遺伝子カセット自体の構造、及び植物ゲノムにおけるそのインサートの場所の両方によって判定され:植物ゲノムにおける特定の場所での導入遺伝子の存在は、導入遺伝子の発現及び植物の全体的な表現型に影響を及ぼすこともある。植物ゲノムにおける組み換えDNA分子の組み込みは典型的に、細胞又は組織の形質転換から(或いは別の遺伝子操作から)結果として生じる。組み込みの特定の部位は、(標的とされた結合のプロセスが使用される場合)運任せ(matter of chance)であるか、又は予め定められる場合もある。遺伝子操作による植物における商業上興味深い形質の、農学的又は産業的に成功した導入は、異なる要因に依存して長い手順となり得る。遺伝的に形質転換された植物の実際の形質転換及び再分化は、一連の選択工程において最初のものにすぎず、これは、温室又は実地検定に広範囲な遺伝子の特徴付け、育種、及び評価を含み、最終的にエリートイベントの選択につながる。
キャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4植物を用いて、本実施形態に従い、ω3及びLC-ω3脂肪酸は、NS-B50027-4キャノーラ種子から商業上の量で生産され得る。故に、形質転換された植物の選択及び繁殖のための技術は、従来の方式で収穫されるNS-B50027-4の都合の良い形質を持つ複数の植物をもたらし、及び、脂肪酸は対象の組織、例えば種子から抽出される。
エリート遺伝子イベントは、植物ゲノムにおける組み換えDNA分子の取り込みの部位での位置と構成により特徴づけられうる。組み換えDNAカセットが挿入された植物ゲノムにおける部位はまた「挿入部位」または「標的部位」と呼ばれる。「隣接領域」または「隣接配列」は、例えば、トランスジェニックカセットのすぐ上流に近接して、またはすぐ下流に近接して位置する植物ゲノムの少なくとも20塩基対、少なくとも50塩基対、または最大5000塩基対のDNAの領域である。外来DNAのランダム組み込みにつながる形質転換は、各形質転換体について特徴的かつ独特であり、異なる隣接領域を有する形質転換体をもたらす(エリートイベント)。
本明細書に記述された系統NS-B50027-4は、他の系統を育種するための親として使用することができる。例えば、原材料として、これを自家受粉し、交雑し、戻し交雑し、使用して、遺伝的形質転換のための原材料として使用され、遺伝的形質転換の対象となり、さらに変異誘発され、当業者に知られているように他の形態の育種に使用される、倍加半数体を生成することができる。他の系統を育種するために原材料材料を使用する方法およびその結果も、これらの実施形態の範囲内である。
実験的圃場試験におけるNS-B50027-4系統のキャラクタリゼーションおよび選択
植物育種における困難な作業は、遺伝学的に優秀な個々の植物の同定であるが、これは、ほとんどの形質に対して、真の遺伝子型値に、他の植物形質または環境要因が混同することによって隠されることもあるからである。優秀な植物を同定するための1つの方法が、他の実験の植物および1つ以上の広く成長させられた標準的な栽培品種と比較して、その性能を観察することである。単独観察が決定的でない場合、観察を繰り返すことによって、遺伝学的な価値のより良い評価がもたらされる。
(a)T-DNAインサートのコピー数;
(b)DHA発現の分離パターン;
(c)ホモ接合性(脂肪酸の表現型および遺伝子型に基づく);
(d)LC-ω3-DHAの生産;および(e)冬と夏の位置での後代検定に基づいた、作物生産に関する適切な農業形質。
NS-B50027-4の分離個体
上に注記されるように、NS-B50027-4は、16遺伝子インサート(2つの逆位8遺伝子カセット)と 4遺伝子インサートとの両方を含み;各インサートは、植物ゲノム内の別個の遺伝子座を表わす。交雑、戻し交雑、および自己交雑を組み合わせることによって、16遺伝子インサートをクロモソームA05(「分離固体A05遺伝子座」)に分離し、4遺伝子インサートをクロモソームA02(「分離固体A02遺伝子座」)に分離した。これらの分離固体のための耕種学的データを、NS-B50027-4およびオーストラリアの4つの様々な実験的現場で成長させられた非遺伝子導入栽培品種と比較した。4つの実験現場にわたる平均値を示すデータの概要を、表12に示す(分析REML;全ての形質についてF pr<0.001Sig):
Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)アッセイ
キャノーラの導入遺伝子の表現型発現を、導入遺伝子カセット自体の構造、および植物ゲノムのそのインサート位置の両方により測定する:植物ゲノムの特定の位置における導入遺伝子の存在は、導入遺伝子の発現および植物の全体の表現型に影響を及ぼすこともある。植物ゲノムの組換えDNA分子の取り込みは、一般的には、細胞もしくは組織の形質転換(または別の遺伝子操作)に起因する。取り込みの特定の現場は、(標的とされた組み込みのプロセスを使用する場合)運任せか、予め決められていてもよい。遺伝子操作による植物における商業上関心をそそる形質の農業経済学的にまたは産業上成功した導入は、様々な因子に依存する長い処理である可能性がある。遺伝学的に形質転換された植物の実際の形質転換および再分化は、単に一連の選択工程における第1の工程であり、これらの工程は、圃場試験における広範な遺伝学的なキャラクタリゼーション、育種、および評価を含み、最終的には、エリートイベントの選択につながる。
NS-B50027-4と非遺伝子導入キャノーラとの詳細な比較
2014-2016年の実験用畑区画におけるキャノーラ種子生産からのデータを表した。DHAの範囲、およびEPA+DPA+DHAの合計は、いくつかの検定圃の観察に基づいた。NS-B50027-4および非遺伝子導入「対照(Control)」キャノーラの両方の主要な脂肪酸の含有量は、成長条件に応じていくつかのパーセントポイントにより変動することもある。以下の表15では、「0.0」は、成分の量を正確に測定するのに必要な量未満として識別される微量を指すこともある:
Claims (13)
- 同系交配のキャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4由来の分離個体であって、同系交配のキャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4の種子は、ATCC受託番号PTA-123186の下で寄託されており、ここで、前記NS-B50027-4は、
M.プシラΔ6-デサチュラーゼ、P.コルダタΔ5-エロンガーゼ、P.サリナΔ5-デサチュラーゼ、およびP.パストリスΔ15/ω3-デサチュラーゼ遺伝子の各々の1つのコピーを含む、クロモソームA02に位置する第1の遺伝子導入遺伝子座と、
ミクロモナス・プシラΔ6-デサチュラーゼ、ピラミモナス・コルダタΔ5-エロンガーゼ、パブロバ・サリナΔ5-デサチュラーゼ、ピキア・パストリスΔ15/ω3-デサチュラーゼ、パブロバ・サリナΔ4-デサチュラーゼ、ラカンセア・クルイヴェリΔ12-デサチュラーゼ、およびP.コルダタΔ6-エロンガーゼ遺伝子の各々の2つのコピーを含む、クロモソームA05に位置する第2の遺伝子導入遺伝子座と、をゲノム内に含み、
前記分離個体は、前記第1の遺伝子導入遺伝子座を含むクロモソ―ムA02または前記第2の遺伝子導入遺伝子座を含むクロモソ―ムA05のいずれかを含む、分離個体。 - 請求項1に記載の分離個体のゲノムを含む、キャノーラ植物又はその部分。
- 前記部分は、種子、葉、花粉、胚、根、根端、鞘、花、胚珠、柄、細胞、原形質体、子葉、半子葉、胚軸、幼根、細胞培養物、組織培養物、または生殖体の少なくとも1つである、請求項2に記載のキャノーラ植物又はその部分。
- キャノーラ近交系を得るための方法であって、該方法は、
(a)(i)同系交配のキャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4の種子から成長した第1の植物を(ii)第2のキャノーラ系統の植物と交雑させることにより雑種植物を生産する工程であって、
前記同系交配のキャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4の種子は、ATCC受託番号PTA-123186の下で寄託されており、
ここで、前記NS-B50027-4は、
(1)M.プシラΔ6-デサチュラーゼ、P.コルダタΔ5-エロンガーゼ、P.サリナΔ5-デサチュラーゼ、およびP.パストリスΔ15/ω3-デサチュラーゼ遺伝子の各々の1つのコピーを含む、第1の遺伝子導入遺伝子座と、
(2)ミクロモナス・プシラΔ6-デサチュラーゼ、ピラミモナス・コルダタΔ5-エロンガーゼ、パブロバ・サリナΔ5-デサチュラーゼ、ピキア・パストリスΔ15/ω3-デサチュラーゼ、パブロバ・サリナΔ4-デサチュラーゼ、ラカンセア・クルイヴェリΔ12-デサチュラーゼ、およびP.コルダタΔ6-エロンガーゼ遺伝子の各々の2つのコピーを含む、第2の遺伝子導入遺伝子座と、をゲノム内に含み、
ここで、前記第1の遺伝子導入遺伝子座はクロモソームA02遺伝子導入遺伝子座であり、および前記第2の遺伝子導入遺伝子座はクロモソームA05遺伝子導入遺伝子座であり、
前記雑種植物はNS-B50027-4の少なくとも1つの遺伝子導入遺伝子座を含む、工程、
(b)前記雑種植物を前記第2のキャノーラ系統の植物と交雑させる工程、及び
(c)前記キャノーラ近交系を得るために、少なくとも一度は工程(b)を繰り返す工程、を含む方法。 - 前記同系交配のキャノーラ系統は、同系交配のキャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4の両方の遺伝子導入遺伝子座を有する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 植物の種子においてエイコサペンタエン酸(EPA)、ドコサペンタエン酸(DPA)、またはドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)を生産する方法であって、該方法は、請求項1に記載の第1の遺伝子導入遺伝子座および/または第2の遺伝子導入遺伝子座を含む植物を栽培する工程を含み、ここで、前記遺伝子導入遺伝子座の一方または両方の導入遺伝子は前記植物の種子において発現される、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の第1の遺伝子導入遺伝子座および/または第2の遺伝子導入遺伝子座を含む植物の種子であって、遺伝子導入遺伝子座の一方または両方の導入遺伝子は前記植物の種子において発現され、前記植物は、エイコサペンタエン酸(EPA)、ドコサペンタエン酸(DPA)、またはドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)を生産する、植物の種子。
- ドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)含有キャノーラ油を作る方法であって、該方法は、
(a)ATCC受託番号PTA-123186の下で寄託されるNS-B50027-4のDHA形質を雄性不稔性であるエリートブラッシカ系統へと遺伝子移入する工程、
(b)NS-B50027-4のDHA形質を稔性である第2のエリートブラッシカ系統へと遺伝子移入する工程、
(c)雑種後代を得るために2つの系統(a)及び(b)を交雑する工程、
(d)雑種後代の種子を栽培する工程、
(e)栽培された雑種後代により生産される穀物を収穫する工程、及び
(f)雑種種子の後代から油を抽出する工程
を含む方法。 - 長鎖多不飽和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)を生産するブラッシカ中の長鎖多不飽和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)の生産を増大させる方法であって、該方法は、
(a)同系交配のキャノーラ系統NS-B50027-4の種子がATCC受託番号PTA-123186の下で寄託されている、近交系NS-B50027-4の分離個体を得る工程であって、前記分離個体は、M.プシラΔ6-デサチュラーゼ、P.コルダタΔ5-エロンガーゼ、P.サリナΔ5-デサチュラーゼ、およびP.パストリスΔ15/ω3-デサチュラーゼ遺伝子の各々の1つのコピーを含む、クロモソームA02遺伝子導入遺伝子座を含む工程、及び、
(b)レシピエントであるLC-PUFA生合成遺伝子及び前記分離個体における前記クロモソームA02遺伝子導入遺伝子座の両方を含む遺伝子移入された後代のブラッシカを得るために、LC-PUFA生合成遺伝子を含むレシピエントであるブラッシカで分離個体を遺伝子移入する工程であって、前記遺伝子移入されたブラッシカの後代は、LC-PUFAの増大をもたらす工程、を含む、方法。 - 前記ブラッシカはB.ジュンセアまたはB.ナパスである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- LC-PUFAはドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)よりも多くドコサペンタエン酸(DPA)を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 雑種後代は、除草剤耐性、虫害耐性、細菌性疾患耐性、菌類病耐性、ウイルス病耐性、又は不稔性から選択される、少なくとも1つの形質をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 請求項4に記載の方法によって生産されるキャノーラ近交系であって、前記キャノーラ近交系は、除草剤耐性、虫害耐性、細菌性疾患耐性、菌類病耐性、ウイルス病耐性、又は不稔性から選択される、少なくとも1つの形質を含む、キャノーラ近交系。
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