JP7101613B2 - Work vehicle - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a work vehicle provided with a plurality of traveling wheels, and more particularly, for working while traveling while straddling a planted crop, or while traveling on the ground where unevenness or an inclined surface exists. Regarding suitable work vehicles.

In this type of work vehicle, conventionally, a vertical case that supports the traveling wheels is provided long in the vertical direction, and the ground height of the vehicle body is increased to have a high clearance specification. The length was set to a predetermined constant length (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

With this configuration, for example, a fertilizer application device or a chemical spraying device is attached to the rear part of the vehicle body, and chemicals such as fertilizer and herbicide are supplied to the crop while the left and right traveling wheels straddle the crop row and travel in the field. It is possible to raise the ground height of the car body so that the car body does not come into contact with the crops planted in the field.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-94907

In the above-mentioned conventional configuration, the vertical length of the vertical case is fixed to be constant, and the ground clearance of the vehicle body when the traveling wheel touches the ground is constant. There was a disadvantage that the ground clearance of the car body was excessive or insufficient due to such factors. For example, if the ground height of the car body is set according to the state in which the crop is tall, if the crop is short, the vertical distance between the car body and the crop becomes too wide, and fertilizer or the like. There was a risk that the work could not be performed well, for example, the chemicals would scatter and could not be supplied to the crops in an appropriate state.

In addition, when working while traveling on uneven ground, the traveling wheels may enter the concave portion or ride on the convex portion, and the vehicle body may tilt and the posture may become unstable. If this is the case, the vehicle body will continue to run with a large inclination, and the posture of the vehicle body may become unstable.

Further, in this type of work vehicle, in addition to the above-mentioned difference in road surface conditions, there are other factors that make the posture of the vehicle body unstable. For example, if a storage unit for storing chemicals such as fertilizers and herbicides is provided, the chemicals are consumed and the weight of the storage unit changes as the work is performed. If it fluctuates, the way the posture changes may differ.

Not only the weight change of the storage part, but also, for example, the front wheel of the car body is subjected to a force to rise when the car body starts, or the front part of the car body sinks when the running of the car body is stopped. It may receive force. Further, when the vehicle body turns, it may receive a lateral force toward the outside of the turn. And, depending on that, the way of posture change may be different.

Therefore, the ground height of the car body can be set to an appropriate height according to the difference in work conditions and the posture change due to various factors associated with the work, and the posture of the car body can be stabilized regardless of changes in the road surface conditions. There was a demand for a work vehicle that could be made to work.

The characteristic configuration of the work vehicle according to the present invention is that a plurality of traveling wheels are supported by a vehicle body frame via a stretchable tubular support member, and the support member is expanded and contracted by a hydraulic cylinder to expand and contract the support member to expand and contract the vehicle body of the traveling wheels. A hydraulically operated vehicle height adjustment mechanism that can switch the relative height to the frame within a predetermined length range is provided for each of the plurality of traveling wheels, and the weight changes as the work continues. A hydraulic control valve that can control the supply state of hydraulic oil to each of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders by mounting and supporting a load accommodating device for accommodating the hydraulic cylinders, and a control unit that controls the operation of the hydraulic control valves. , The accommodation capacity measuring means for measuring the accommodation capacity of the load, the inclination sensor for measuring the inclination angle of the vehicle body, the stroke sensor for measuring the expansion / contraction operation amount of the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder. A pressure sensor for measuring is provided, and the control unit sets the vehicle body at a target height to the ground and a target posture based on the measurement results of the capacity measuring means , the inclination sensor, and the stroke sensor , and the vehicle body. The target pressure of the hydraulic cylinder required for stabilizing the weight balance of the above is obtained, and pressure adjustment control for controlling the operation of the hydraulic control valve is executed so that the detected value of the pressure sensor becomes the target pressure. There is a point to do.

According to the present invention, when the support member expands and contracts due to the operation of the vehicle height adjusting mechanism, the relative height of the traveling wheel with respect to the vehicle body frame can be changed and adjusted. By adjusting the height of each of the plurality of traveling wheels, it is possible to change the ground height of the vehicle body while maintaining the vehicle body in a desired posture.

As the work continues, the weight of the load contained in the load accommodating device changes. When the weight changes in this way, the posture of the vehicle body changes differently, but the capacity of the load is measured by the capacity measuring means, and the measurement result is reflected in the operation control of the hydraulic cylinder by the control unit.

That is, the control unit obtains the target operating amount of the hydraulic cylinder required for stabilizing the weight balance of the vehicle body based on the measurement result of the accommodation capacity measuring means. For example, if a load accommodating device is provided at the rear of the vehicle body, the vehicle body will have a weight balance of the rear weight if the accommodating capacity is large, so the target operating amount of the hydraulic cylinder is set to correct it. It is.

The vehicle height adjusting mechanism expands and contracts the support member by operating the hydraulic cylinder, and the control unit controls the operation of the hydraulic control valve so that the operating amount of the hydraulic cylinder becomes the target operating amount. As a result, when traveling across the planted crops, the ground clearance is set low when the crop is short, and the ground clearance is set when the crop is tall. By setting it higher, it is possible to run while maintaining a height suitable for work according to the height of the crop, and good work can be performed. In addition, when traveling on a sloping ground, a plurality of traveling wheels are in contact with the sloping ground, but the vehicle body should be changed to a horizontal posture or a posture close to a horizontal posture to run in a stable state. Is possible.

Moreover, since the target operating amount is obtained based on the capacity of the load as described above, it is possible to control the operation of the hydraulic cylinder while the weight balance of the vehicle body is stable. It should be noted that such a configuration using the capacity information is particularly effective in a configuration in which the operation of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled based on the pressure of the oil chamber in the hydraulic cylinder.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the ground height of the vehicle body can be set to an appropriate height or the road surface condition can be changed according to the difference in the work condition and the posture change due to various factors accompanying the progress of the work. Regardless, it became possible to stabilize the posture of the car body.

In addition, by measuring the actual tilt angle of the vehicle body with the tilt sensor, it is possible to accurately determine how much the posture of the vehicle body is actually tilted, and the stroke sensor measures the expansion and contraction operation amount of the hydraulic cylinder. By doing so, it is possible to accurately determine how far the posture of the vehicle body is from the target posture .

To add an explanation, the current tilt angle of the vehicle body is measured by the tilt sensor, the current expansion and contraction operation amount of the hydraulic cylinder is measured by the stroke sensor, and the vehicle body is the target ground height based on the measurement results. Moreover, the operation of the hydraulic control valve is controlled by obtaining the target operating amount so that the weight balance of the vehicle body is stable. The tilt sensor can accurately determine the current posture of the vehicle body, and the stroke sensor can accurately determine the relative posture of the vehicle body with respect to the ground. It can be obtained as a value, and the vehicle height attitude control can be satisfactorily executed.

By the way, when the posture changes in a different state due to some factor during work driving, for example, the vehicle body suddenly starts or stops suddenly, or makes a sharp turn from a straight running state. When the state changes, or when the width dimension of the working device is significantly different, the target operating amount of the hydraulic cylinder required for stabilizing the weight balance of the vehicle body may be different. When spraying a drug, a laterally long spraying device (working device) may be used to make the spraying width as wide as possible, and the length may differ. In particular, if the traveling road surface is soft ground, the vehicle body may cause a large change in posture in the above-mentioned cases.

Therefore, when determining the target operating amount of the hydraulic cylinder, in consideration of the above-mentioned changes in the situation, the target operating amount of the hydraulic cylinder required for stabilizing the weight balance of the vehicle body is obtained, and the hydraulic cylinder expands and contracts. The operation amount is controlled so as to reach the target operation amount.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the accumulator is connected to the oil chambers of each of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders.

According to this configuration, if the road surface on which the vehicle body travels is generally flat but has small irregularities, the traveling wheels may enter the concave portion or ride on the convex portion. The car body may vibrate. In such a case, the traveling wheel tends to rise or fall slightly relative to the vehicle body.

Therefore, in this configuration, an accumulator is connected to the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic oil is absorbed or discharged by the accumulator, so that the relative vertical movement of the traveling wheel with respect to the vehicle body can be allowed. As a result, it is possible to suppress the vibration of the vehicle body by allowing the relative vertical movement of the traveling wheels due to the small unevenness, and to maintain the posture of the vehicle body at the target posture.

In the present invention, it is preferable to include a driver's seat on which the driver sits and an operating member arranged in front of the driver's seat.

According to this configuration, the driver can easily operate by sitting in the driver's seat. Even if the driver is seated in this way, the posture of the vehicle body is stabilized, which facilitates the driving operation.

It is an overall side view of a work vehicle. It is a top view which shows the wheel support structure of a work vehicle. It is a front view which shows the wheel support structure. It is a perspective view of a part of a wheel support structure. It is a perspective view of a part of a wheel support structure. It is a cross-sectional front view of the vehicle height adjustment mechanism in the maximum extension state. It is a cross-sectional front view of the vehicle height adjustment mechanism in the shortest state. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of a stroke sensor. It is a control block diagram. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram. It is a flowchart of a control operation. It is an operation explanatory diagram. It is a flowchart of a control operation. It is a flowchart of a control operation. It is a control block diagram.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the work vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

〔overall structure〕
FIG. 1 shows a passenger management machine as a work vehicle according to the present embodiment. This passenger management machine is provided with a chemical spraying device 2 as a load accommodating device at the rear of the four-wheel traveling type traveling vehicle body 1. This passenger management machine performs the work of spraying the chemicals on the crop while traveling across the crop planting line in the field where the crop has already been planted. In the present embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a passenger management machine (passenger type worker) will be described, but the application target of the present invention is not limited to this.

A pair of front wheels 3 as traveling wheels S that can be swiveled are provided on both left and right sides of the front portion of the traveling vehicle body 1, and a pair of rear wheels 4 as traveling wheels S that can be swiveled on both left and right sides of the rear portion of the traveling vehicle body 1. Is provided. In this way, all four wheels can turn, for example, a two-wheel steering state in which only two front wheels 3 are turned, and four wheels in which the front wheels 3 and the rear wheels 4 are turned in opposite directions to travel with a small turning radius. It is possible to switch to the steering state.

The front wheels 3 and the rear wheels 4 are provided so as to be able to travel between the rows of crops. The engine 5 is mounted on the front portion of the traveling vehicle body 1, and the driving unit 6 is provided on the rear portion of the traveling vehicle body 1. A mission case 7 including a transmission (not shown) for shifting the power of the engine 5 is provided in the lower portion of the traveling vehicle body 1. The mission case 7 is provided so as to extend in the front-rear direction from the lower rear portion of the engine 5 to a portion corresponding to the rear wheel 4 in a side view.
A front frame body 8 is provided on the lower side of the engine 5 so as to cover the outer peripheral portion. The mission case 7 and the front side frame body 8 are integrally connected to each other, thereby forming a vehicle body frame F that supports the entire vehicle body. The driver unit 6 is provided with a driver's seat 9 in which the driver sits, and a steering handle 10 (operation member) that is located in front of the driver's seat 9 and performs steering operation. In addition to this, the driving unit 6 is also provided with an elevating lever 11 for raising and lowering the chemical spraying device 2, a speed change lever 12, and the like.

In the traveling vehicle body 1, the power of the engine 5 is transmitted to the left and right front wheels 3 and the left and right rear wheels 4 after the power of the engine 5 is changed by the transmission in the transmission case 7. Therefore, the traveling vehicle body 1 is configured as a four-wheel drive type in which four traveling wheels S are driven. As shown in FIG. 2, a lateral transmission shaft 14 is provided inside a cylindrical rear lateral transmission case 13 connected to both left and right sides of the mission case 7, and power after shifting is transmitted to both left and right sides via the lateral transmission shaft 14. It is transmitted to the rear wheel 4. The rear lateral transmission case 13 is supported by the mission case 7, that is, the vehicle body frame F.

As shown in FIG. 2, a cylindrical front lateral transmission case 15 is provided in the left and right intermediate portions of the left and right front wheels 3, and power from the mission case 7 is supplied to the front-rear intermediate shaft 16 and the lateral transmission case 15. It is transmitted to the left and right front wheels 3 via the provided differential mechanism (not shown) and the lateral transmission shaft 18. The front lateral transmission case 15 is rotatably supported around the front-rear shaft core X, which is the same shaft core as the intermediate shaft 16, with respect to the vehicle body frame F.

As shown in FIG. 3, a vertical transmission case 19 as a support member is connected to both left and right ends of the front horizontal transmission case 15. As shown in FIG. 6, a vertical transmission shaft 20 is provided in the vertical transmission case 19. The shaft end portion of the lateral transmission shaft 18 provided in the front lateral transmission case 15 and the upper end portion of the vertical transmission shaft 20 are interlocked and connected via the upper bevel gear mechanism 21. The lower end of the vertical transmission shaft 20 and the rotation shaft 3a of the front wheel 3 are interlocked and connected via the lower bevel gear mechanism 22. The traveling wheel S is supported so as to be reorientable around the rotation axis Y of the vertical transmission shaft 20 with respect to the vehicle body frame F.

[Drug spraying device]
The drug spraying device 2 is provided with a drug tank 2A for storing the drug as a load on the upper portion, and a jetting device 2B for ejecting the drug downward on the lower side thereof. The chemical spraying device 2 is supported by the traveling machine via the link mechanism 2C. The drug spraying device 2 is provided with a weight sensor 90 as a capacity measuring means for measuring the weight of the drug tank 2A. Since the weight of the medicine tank 2A decreases with the consumption of the medicine, this change state can be measured by the weight sensor 90.

[Wheel support structure]
Since the support structure of the wheel having the vertical transmission case 19 and the vertical transmission shaft 20 has the same configuration for each of the four traveling wheels S, the support structure of one of the front wheels 3 is as follows. Explain to.

As shown in FIG. 6, the end portion of the front lateral transmission case 15 has a shape that bends in a curved shape in a front view while covering the upper bevel gear mechanism 21, and an opening that opens downward is formed. .. The upper connecting body 23 integrally connected to the upper end of the vertical transmission case 19 rotates around the rotation axis Y of the vertical transmission shaft 20 at the end of the front horizontal transmission case 15 so as to cover the opening. Movably fitted and connected. As shown in FIG. 7, a wheel support case 24 for supporting the rotating shaft 3a of the front wheel 3 is connected to the lower end portion of the vertical transmission case 19 while covering the lower bevel gear mechanism 22.

As shown in FIG. 5, a retaining tool 25 for preventing the upper connecting body 23 from coming off in a state where the upper connecting body 23 is fitted and connected is provided. As shown in FIG. 5, the retaining tool 25 is made of a strip-shaped member, one end thereof is bolted to the outer peripheral portion of the upper connecting body 23, and the other end portion is connected to the end portion of the front lateral transmission case 15. It engages with the formed step portion 26 to prevent it from coming off.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 27 for steering operation (hereinafter referred to as steering) is located in front of the front lateral transmission case 15 and is in a posture parallel to the front lateral transmission case 15. (Called a cylinder) is provided. The cylinder tube 28 of the steering cylinder 27 is connected to the front lateral transmission case 15 via the bracket 29. The piston rod 30 of the steering cylinder 27 is interlocked with one end of the tie rod 32 via the ball joint 31, and the other end of the tie rod 32 is interlocked with the knuckle arm 34 provided on the upper connecting body 23 via the ball joint 33. It is connected.

By operating the steering cylinder 27, the vertical transmission case 19, the wheel support case 24, and the front wheel 3 are integrally connected to the rotation shaft core Y of the vertical transmission shaft 20 via the knuckle arm 34 and the upper connecting body 23. The front wheel 3 is rotated around to change the direction of the front wheel 3. The steering cylinder 27 is switched and operated according to the operation of the steering handle 10, and is hydraulically slid from the neutral position for straight-ahead traveling to the left or right. A rotation angle detecting device 35 for detecting the rotation angle of the upper connecting body 23, that is, the rotation angle of the front wheel 3 is provided on the upper portion of the end portion of the front lateral transmission case 15.

By operating the steering cylinder 27, the upper connecting body 23, that is, the vertical transmission case 19 and the front wheel 3 can be rotated within a predetermined operating range. The rotation operation angle of the upper connecting body 23 is detected by the rotation angle detection device 35, and is fed back to the control device 80 (see FIG. 9) described later, so that the steering angle becomes a turning angle corresponding to the operation of the steering handle 10. The cylinder 27 is controlled. In FIG. 9, the description of the control system for steering is omitted.

[Vehicle height adjustment mechanism]
Each of the vertical transmission shaft 20 and the vertical transmission case 19 is configured to have an internal / external double structure that can be expanded and contracted while sliding in the axial direction of the vertical transmission shaft 20. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the vertical transmission case 19 has an outer cylinder member 19A and an inner cylinder member 19B, and is configured so that they can expand and contract while sliding. The vertical transmission case 19 is provided with the outer cylinder member 19A located on the lower side and the inner cylinder member 19B located on the upper side, and the lower end portion of the outer cylinder member 19A is integrally connected to the wheel support case 24. , The upper end of the inner cylinder member 19B is integrally connected to the upper connecting body 23.

The vertical transmission shaft 20 has a cylinder shaft 20A and an inner shaft 20B that can be slidable in the axis direction while maintaining a state in which the cylinder shaft 20A is spline-fitted and integrally rotated. The upper end portion of the inner shaft 20B is integrally rotatably connected to the upper bevel gear mechanism 21. The lower end of the cylinder shaft 20A is integrally rotatably connected to the lower bevel gear mechanism 22.

A hydraulically operated type that can switch the relative height of the front wheel 3 to the vehicle body frame F in multiple stages by expanding and contracting the vertical transmission shaft 20 and the vertical transmission case 19 in the direction of the rotation axis Y of the vertical transmission shaft 20. The vehicle height adjusting mechanism 40 is provided. As shown in FIG. 3, the vehicle height adjusting mechanism 40 is provided with a hydraulic cylinder 41 extending along the axis direction of the vertical transmission shaft 20.

The hydraulic cylinder 41 is provided over the upper connecting body 23 and the support bracket 42 provided at the lower part of the wheel support case 24. The upper end of the cylinder tube 41A of the hydraulic cylinder 41 is integrally connected to the upper connecting body 23, and the lower end of the piston rod 41B of the hydraulic cylinder 41 is connected to the wheel support case 24. Therefore, the upper connecting body 23 and the wheel support case 24 are integrally connected via the hydraulic cylinder 41, and when the steering cylinder 27 operates, these members rotate integrally and the front wheel 3 is moved. It is swiveled.

By expanding and contracting the hydraulic cylinder 41, the vehicle height can be changed and adjusted over a long range (for example, about several tens of centimeters) between the most extended state as shown in FIG. 6 and the most retracted state as shown in FIG. can do. In the state where the vertical transmission case 19 is most extended, the outer peripheral side of the overlapping portion 50 in which the outer cylinder member 19A and the inner cylinder member 19B overlap is supported by the base member 45. In this way, even when the vertical width of the polymerization portion 50 is narrow due to the extension of the vertical transmission case 19, the outer peripheral side is supported by the base member 45 to prevent a decrease in the support strength.

At the end of the lateral transmission case 15 to which the upper connecting body 23 is rotatably connected, a support boss portion 51 that rotatably supports the inside of the vertical transmission case 19 is provided within the radial direction of the vertical transmission case 19. It is located on the side and is provided so as to extend downward along the rotation axis Y direction. That is, at the end of the lateral transmission case 15, the support boss portion 51 that rotatably supports the inner peripheral side of the upper connecting body 23 via the bearing 52 is integrated along the axial core direction of the vertical transmission shaft 20. It is extended and formed so as to extend downward. The support boss portion 51 rotatably supports the vertical transmission shaft 20 located on the inner peripheral side via the bearing 53.

The support boss portion 51 is provided in a state of extending downward long to the lower side from the intermediate portion in the vertical direction of the inner cylinder member 19B. By supporting the vertical transmission case 19 from the inner peripheral side by the support boss portion 51 that is long in the vertical direction in this way, the support strength of the vertical transmission case 19 is prevented from being lowered.

[Stroke sensor]
The hydraulic cylinder 41 has a built-in stroke sensor, and as shown in FIG. 8, the hydraulic cylinder 41 is provided with a stroke sensor 60 as an operation amount detecting means in a state of extending along the longitudinal direction in the cylinder tube. The stroke sensor 60 is provided over the upper connecting body 23 and the support bracket 42 provided at the lower part of the wheel support case 24.

It includes an outer cylinder 62 as a first member that moves relative to each other as the hydraulic cylinder 41 expands and contracts, and an inner cylinder 63 as a second member that is slidably fitted in the outer cylinder 62. Further, a cylindrical sliding member 64 having a cylinder structure is provided, in which the end portion of the inner cylinder 63 facing the outside is closed and a closed space is formed inside. In the tubular sliding member 64, the upper end portion of the outer cylinder 62 is connected to the upper connecting body 23, and the lower end portion of the inner cylinder 63 is connected to the support bracket 42.

The stroke sensor 60 is housed inside the cylindrical sliding member 64. The stroke sensor 60 is provided in a state of being integrally moved to the outer cylinder 62 and is provided on the screw shaft 66 in which the spiral blade 65 is integrally formed on the outer peripheral portion, and is provided on the inner cylinder 63 and is provided on the inner cylinder 63 and the outer cylinder 63. A sliding contact member 67 that slides on the spiral blade 65 to guide the screw shaft 66 to rotate as it moves relative to the cylinder 62, and an electromagnetic wave as a rotation detection sensor that can detect the rotation speed of the screw shaft 66. It has a pickup sensor 68 of the type.

The screw shaft 66 is supported by a support portion 69 provided at the upper end of the outer cylinder 62 in a state of being integrally moved along the axis direction and rotatably supported in the circumferential direction. The screw shaft 66 extends along the inside of the inner cylinder 63. The upper end of the inner cylinder 63 is provided with a sliding contact member 67 that is extrapolated to the screw shaft 66 and has a sliding contact action with the spiral blade 65. A detection gear 70 is provided at a position extending above the sliding contact member 67 on the screw shaft 66. The outer cylinder 62 is provided with an electromagnetic pickup sensor 68 having a well-known configuration at a location corresponding to the outer peripheral portion of the detection gear 70. The pickup sensor 68 is widely used in, for example, agricultural machinery and other devices, and can accurately detect the rotation speed.

When the outer cylinder 62 and the inner cylinder 63 move relative to each other in the axial direction as the hydraulic cylinder 41 expands and contracts, the spiral blade 65 of the screw shaft 66 receives the sliding contact action of the sliding contact member 67 and corresponds to the amount of movement. The screw shaft 66 rotates by the amount of rotation. The pickup sensor 68 can detect the rotation speed of the screw shaft 66 based on the waveform of the current generated when the teeth of the detection gear 70 accompanying the rotation of the screw shaft 66 pass. Then, by counting the number of rotations of the screw shaft 66 from the start of rotation to the stop, the amount of movement of the screw shaft 66 in the axis direction (the amount of expansion / contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder 41) can be obtained.

[Hydraulic circuit configuration]
The vehicle height adjusting mechanism 40 is provided with four sets corresponding to each of the four traveling wheels S. Next, a hydraulic circuit configuration for controlling the operation of the four hydraulic cylinders 41 provided in the four sets of vehicle height adjusting mechanisms 40 will be described.

FIG. 10 shows a hydraulic circuit for each hydraulic cylinder 41. A hydraulic pump 72 driven by the engine 5 is provided, and hydraulic control that can separately control the supply state of the hydraulic oil to each hydraulic cylinder 41 in four branch paths where the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump 72 is branched and supplied. Each valve 73 is provided. Each hydraulic cylinder 41 is composed of a double acting cylinder.

The hydraulic control valve 73 can be switched between an ascending position for extending the hydraulic cylinder 41, a descending position for degenerating the hydraulic cylinder 41, and a neutral position for stopping the operation by sliding the spool with an electromagnetic operating force. be. The hydraulic control valve 73 is composed of an electromagnetic proportional flow rate control valve that can change and adjust the flow rate of hydraulic oil supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 41 in each of the expansion operation and the degeneration operation by changing the electromagnetic operation force. There is.

When the hydraulic control valve 73 is switched to the raised position, the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic control valve 73 is supplied to the bottom side oil chamber 41a, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the rod side oil chamber 41b to the drain tank 74, and the hydraulic cylinder 41 Is decompressed. When the hydraulic control valve 73 is switched to the lower position, the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic control valve 73 is supplied to the rod side oil chamber 41b, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the bottom side oil chamber 41a to the drain tank 74, and the hydraulic cylinder 41 Is degenerate.

An accumulator 75 is provided for each of the bottom side oil chamber 41a and the rod side oil chamber 41b in each hydraulic cylinder 41. Specifically, the accumulator 75 is provided in the bottom-side hydraulic oil supply path 76 in which hydraulic oil is supplied from the hydraulic control valve 73 to the bottom-side oil chamber 41a in the hydraulic cylinder 41, and in the hydraulic cylinder 41 from the hydraulic control valve 73. The oil chamber 41b on the rod side is connected to each of the hydraulic oil supply paths 77 on the rod side to which the hydraulic oil is supplied. Therefore, a total of eight accumulators 75 are provided, two for each hydraulic cylinder 41.

The accumulator 75 sucks in excess hydraulic oil and accumulates it when there is a sudden pressure rise in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 41, or accumulates hydraulic oil when there is a sudden pressure drop in the oil chamber. It is possible to absorb sudden pressure fluctuations caused by an external load such as the traveling wheel S vibrating up and down due to fine irregularities on the ground by an operation such as discharging the oil pressure. As a result, it is possible to allow the relative stroke fluctuation of the hydraulic cylinder 41 along the fine unevenness of the ground due to the accumulation and discharge of the hydraulic oil by the accumulator 75, and to prevent the vibration of the vehicle body.

A pressure sensor 78 capable of measuring the internal pressure is provided in each of the hydraulic oil supply path 76 on the bottom side and the hydraulic oil supply path 77 on the rod side. The internal pressure of these hydraulic oil supply paths is the same as the pressure of the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 41. Therefore, the pressure sensor 78 can measure the pressure in the oil chamber (bottom side oil chamber 41a or rod side oil chamber 41b) of the hydraulic cylinder 41. Similar to the accumulator 75, two pressure sensors 78 are provided for each hydraulic cylinder 41, for a total of eight pressure sensors 78.

A relief valve 79 is connected to the hydraulic oil supply path 77 on the rod side. When the internal pressure of the hydraulic oil supply path 77 (rod side oil chamber 41b) on the rod side exceeds the permissible value, the relief valve 79 causes the hydraulic oil to flow into the drain tank 74 so that the pressure becomes higher than the permissible value. I try to avoid it. The hydraulic oil is supplied to the rod side oil chamber 41b when the hydraulic cylinder 41 retracts (the vehicle body descends), and when the hydraulic cylinder 41 is operated so that the vehicle body descends, the vehicle body weight. There is a risk that the pressure in the oil chamber will become excessive due to the addition of the urging force. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pressure from becoming excessive by discharging the hydraulic oil with the relief valve 79.

[Control configuration]
Next, a control configuration for controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 41 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 9, in addition to the weight sensor 90 provided in the drug spraying device 2, the four hydraulic control valves 73, the four stroke sensors 60, and the eight pressure sensors 78 as described above. , A control device 80 as a control unit for controlling the operation of each hydraulic control valve 73, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 81 capable of measuring the posture change state of the vehicle body are provided. The detection information of the stroke sensor 60, the pressure sensor 78, and the inertial measurement unit 81 is input to the control device 80. The control device 80 is configured to include a microcomputer and can perform various control operations.

The inertial measurement unit 81 is generally used for measuring the behavior of a moving body, and although not shown, it has a three-axis gyro and a three-way acceleration sensor, and has a three-dimensional angular velocity. Acceleration can be calculated. Then, by arithmetic processing such as integrating the detection information, it is possible to obtain the fluctuation state of the vehicle body, specifically, the left-right tilt angle and the front-back tilt angle from the horizontal posture of the vehicle body. Therefore, the inertial measurement unit 81 functions as an inclination sensor for measuring the inclination state of the vehicle body.

The control device 80 controls the operation of each hydraulic control valve 73 so that the vehicle body is in the target state by adjusting the vehicle height by the hydraulic cylinder 41 in response to the posture change of the vehicle body. That is, the control device 80 sets the vehicle body at the target ground height and the target posture based on the detection results of the weight sensor 90, the inertia measuring device 81, and each stroke sensor 60, and stabilizes the weight balance of the vehicle body. The required target pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 41 is obtained, and the pressure adjustment control for controlling the operation of the hydraulic control valve 73 is executed so that the detected value of the pressure sensor 78 becomes the target pressure.

As shown in FIG. 11, the control device 80 obtains the left-right tilt angle and the front-back tilt angle from the horizontal posture of the vehicle body based on the detection result of the inertial measurement device 81, and the detection information of the detected tilt angles and four pieces. Based on the detection information (detection stroke amount) of the stroke sensor 60 and the detection information of the weight sensor 90, the vehicle center of gravity position G is controlled to the target position (target ground height), and the weight balance of the vehicle body is stable. The force of the hydraulic cylinder 41 required for this is obtained as a value (first operating pressure) corresponding to the operating pressure (step # 1). Next, the hydraulic cylinder 41 required to stabilize the weight balance of the vehicle body while setting the posture of the vehicle body (front-rear direction and left-right direction) when the vehicle center of gravity position G is at the target position to the horizontal posture. The force (second operating pressure) is calculated (step # 2).

The first operating pressure and the second operating pressure correspond to the force (thrust) required to operate the required stroke amount for operating the hydraulic cylinder 41. Then, the value obtained by adding the first operating pressure and the second operating pressure is converted into the contact force of each traveling wheel S with the road surface, obtained as the target operating pressure (step # 3), and detected by the corresponding pressure sensor 78. The operation of each hydraulic control valve 73 is controlled so that the pressure to be applied becomes a pressure corresponding to the target operating pressure (step # 4).

That is, instead of simply obtaining the target operating pressure based on the detection information of the detected tilt angle and the detected stroke amount, the posture change due to the change in the weight of the drug is added by adding the measurement information of the weight of the drug. Considering that the method is different, the appropriate target operating pressure is obtained. For example, the heavier the weight, the heavier the rear weight. Therefore, the target operating pressure of the hydraulic cylinder on the rear side of the vehicle body is set to be larger than that of the hydraulic cylinder on the front side of the vehicle body.

The process of obtaining the target operating pressure and controlling the hydraulic control valve 73 is repeated every set unit time according to the change in the posture of the vehicle body, and as a result, the vehicle body is set at the target height to the ground and the target. It becomes possible to maintain the posture.

According to the above configuration, for example, when the road surface on which the vehicle body travels is a slope, when the vehicle enters the work area by overcoming the ridges, or when the vehicle goes over the ridges from the work area and goes out to the ridge road, etc. By executing the pressure adjustment control as described above, it is possible to maintain the vehicle body at the target ground height and the target posture.

When the road surface on which the vehicle body travels is roughly flat but has small irregularities, the accumulator 75 allows the traveling wheels S to move up and down relative to each other. It is possible to suppress the vibration of the vehicle body and maintain the posture of the vehicle body at the target posture.

Further, since the control device 80 executes the pressure adjustment control for controlling the operation of the hydraulic control valve 73 based on the detected value of the pressure sensor 78, the relative up and down of the traveling wheel S by the action of the accumulator 75. Even if there is movement, there is little risk of hunting occurring during the control operation, and smooth attitude control can be performed. In this embodiment, the stroke sensor 60, the pressure sensor 78, and the inertial measurement unit 81 correspond to the fluctuation state measuring means for measuring the fluctuation state from the target ground height of the vehicle body and the target posture.

In the passenger-type work vehicle having the above configuration, the ground height of the vehicle body can be moved up and down in a wide range. For example, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, it is possible to switch between a low posture state in which the four hydraulic cylinders 41 are shortened and a high posture state in which the four hydraulic cylinders 41 are each lengthened. .. Therefore, when working across crops, when the crop is short, it is possible to switch to a low posture state and spray the chemicals at a low position. When the crop grows and is tall, switching to a high posture state will not damage the crop. Further, as shown in FIG. 12 (c), when the road surface is greatly inclined in the left-right direction and the work runs along the inclined surface, the hydraulic cylinder 41 on the lower side of the inclination is extended long. By shortening the hydraulic cylinder 41 on the upper side of the inclination, the vehicle body can travel in a horizontal posture or a posture approaching the horizontal posture.

[Second Embodiment] ( Reference Embodiment 1)
Next, a reference embodiment 1 of the work vehicle according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, the configuration of the control device 80 is different from that of the first embodiment, but the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, only the points different from those of the first embodiment will be described, and the description of the same configuration will be omitted.

In this embodiment, the control device 80 sets the vehicle body at the target ground height and the target posture based on the detection results of the inertial measurement device 81 (tilt sensor) and the stroke sensor 60, and stabilizes the weight balance of the vehicle body. The target operating amount of the hydraulic cylinder 41 required for this purpose is obtained, and the vehicle height attitude control for controlling the operation of the hydraulic control valve 73 is executed so that the detected value of the stroke sensor 60 becomes the target operating amount. While the vehicle height attitude control is being executed, a correction process for correcting the target operating amount according to the fluctuation of the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 78 is executed.

As shown in FIG. 13, the control device 80 obtains the left-right tilt angle and the front-back tilt angle from the horizontal posture of the vehicle body based on the detection result of the inertial measurement unit 81, and the detection information of the detected tilt angles and four pieces. Based on the information with the detection result (detection stroke amount) of the stroke sensor 60 of the above, the degree of road surface inclination is obtained (step # 11). Next, the vehicle body is placed in a horizontal position, the vehicle center of gravity position G is set to the target height, and the target stroke amount required for stabilizing the weight balance of the vehicle body is obtained (step # 12), and the hydraulic cylinder 41 is used. The operation of the hydraulic control valve 73 is controlled so that the actual stroke amount of the above becomes the target stroke amount (step # 13). This control corresponds to vehicle height attitude control.

That is, instead of simply obtaining the target stroke amount based on the detection information of the detected tilt angle and the detected stroke amount, the posture change due to the change in the weight of the drug is added by adding the measurement information of the weight of the drug. Considering that the method is different, an appropriate target stroke amount is obtained.
For example, the heavier the weight, the heavier the rear weight. Therefore, the target stroke amount of the hydraulic cylinder on the rear side of the vehicle body is set to be larger than that of the hydraulic cylinder on the front side of the vehicle body.

Specifically, the vehicle height attitude control is set to the hydraulic oil flow rate with respect to the hydraulic cylinder 41 so that the larger the deviation, the higher the operating speed according to the deviation between the actual stroke amount and the target stroke amount. It controls the operation of the hydraulic control valve 73. Further, in the actual operation, a dead zone within a predetermined range is set with respect to the target stroke amount. As a result, even when the amount of expansion and contraction to be operated is quickly operated, overshoot and the like are prevented from occurring and the hunting operation does not occur. As the deviation becomes smaller, the amount of expansion / contraction to be operated becomes smaller, so that the amount of expansion / contraction gradually converges to the target stroke amount.

Then, while the vehicle height attitude control is being executed, the external force applied to any of the hydraulic cylinders 41 is obtained from the detection result of the pressure sensor 78 (step # 14). There are large protrusions and recesses on the road surface, and when any of the running wheels rides on the protrusions, the contact pressure increases and the pressure in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 41 becomes higher than that of the other hydraulic cylinder 41. It gets higher. When it enters the recess, on the contrary, the ground contact pressure decreases and the pressure in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 41 decreases.

Therefore, the target stroke amount for the hydraulic cylinder 41 whose pressure has changed is corrected by adding such an external force (step # 15). This process corresponds to the correction process. For example, when the pressure increases, the target stroke amount is corrected to be short, and when the pressure decreases, the target stroke amount is corrected to be long. Then, the operation of the hydraulic control valve 73 is controlled so as to operate the hydraulic cylinder 41 so that the target stroke amount corrected in this way is obtained (step # 16).

With such control, regardless of the unevenness of the road surface, the four traveling wheels S can be driven in a state of being in contact with the ground along the ground, slipping, or the other traveling wheels S floating from the ground and spinning idle. You can avoid disadvantages such as

[Third Embodiment] (Reference Embodiment 2)
Next, a reference embodiment 2 of the work vehicle according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, the configuration of the control device 80 is different from that of the first embodiment, but the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, only the points different from those of the first embodiment will be described, and the description of the same configuration will be omitted.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the control device 80 obtains the left-right tilt angle and the front-back tilt angle from the horizontal posture of the vehicle body based on the detection result of the inertial measurement unit 81, and detects the detected tilt angle. Based on the information and the information of the detection results (detection stroke amount) of the four stroke sensors 60, the degree of road surface inclination is obtained (step # 21). Next, the vehicle body is placed in a horizontal position, the vehicle center of gravity position G is set to the target height, and the target stroke amount required for stabilizing the weight balance of the vehicle body is obtained (step # 22), and the hydraulic cylinder 41 is used. The operation of the hydraulic control valve 73 is controlled so that the actual stroke amount of the above becomes the target stroke amount (step # 23). This control corresponds to the vehicle height attitude control, and the same control as described in the second embodiment is performed.

That is, instead of simply obtaining the target stroke amount based on the detection information of the detected tilt angle and the detected stroke amount, the posture change due to the change in the weight of the drug is added by adding the measurement information of the weight of the drug. Considering that the method is different, an appropriate target stroke amount is obtained.
For example, the heavier the weight, the heavier the rear weight. Therefore, the target stroke amount of the hydraulic cylinder 41 on the rear side of the vehicle body is set to be larger than that of the hydraulic cylinder 41 on the front side of the vehicle body.

In this embodiment, the vehicle height attitude control is executed based only on the tilt information of the vehicle body and the stroke amount information. In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 78 is unnecessary, the control configuration is simplified, and the vehicle height is low. The cost can be planned.

[Fourth Embodiment] (Reference Embodiment 3)
Next, a reference embodiment 3 of the work vehicle according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, instead of the weight sensor 90, a running state detection unit 91 for detecting the running state of the vehicle body is provided, and the configuration of the control device 80 is different from each of the above embodiments. Since the other configurations are the same, only the different points will be described, and the description of the same configuration will be omitted.

The traveling state detection unit 91 detects the traveling state of the vehicle body, and specifically, detects whether or not the vehicle body has suddenly started, or detects whether or not the vehicle body has suddenly stopped. It detects whether or not the vehicle body is turning, or detects any one or two or more of them.

Although not shown, the control device 80 is basically the pressure adjustment control of the first embodiment, the vehicle height attitude control and correction processing of the second embodiment, or the vehicle height attitude control of the third embodiment. Do one of the following. Then, in executing the pressure adjustment control, instead of the detection information of the weight sensor 90, the detection information of the traveling state detection unit 91 is used to obtain the target operating pressure required for stabilizing the traveling state.

That is, instead of simply obtaining the target operating pressure based on the detection information of the detected tilt angle and the detected stroke amount, the posture change due to the change in the weight of the drug is added by adding the measurement information of the weight of the drug. Considering that the method is different, the appropriate target operating pressure is obtained.

Further, in executing the vehicle height attitude control of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, the detection information of the traveling state detection unit 91 is used instead of the detection information of the weight sensor 90 in order to stabilize the traveling state. Obtain the required target operating amount.

That is, instead of simply obtaining the target stroke amount based on the detection information of the detected tilt angle and the detected stroke amount, the posture change due to the change in the weight of the drug is added by adding the measurement information of the weight of the drug. Considering that the method is different, an appropriate target stroke amount is obtained.

[Another Embodiment]
(1) In the above embodiment, the weight sensor 90 or the traveling state detection unit 91 is provided, but instead of this configuration, for example, if the configuration is such that the work device is replaced with a work device having a different work width, the work device may be provided. An identification device for identifying the type may be provided, and a target operating amount and a target operating pressure required for stabilizing the weight balance of the vehicle body may be obtained based on the detection result of the identification device.

(2) In the above embodiment, the stroke sensor 60 is installed inside the hydraulic cylinder 41, but instead of this configuration, it may be separately provided outside the hydraulic cylinder 41.

(3) In the above embodiment, the pressure sensor 78 is provided for each of the bottom side oil chamber 41a and the rod side oil chamber 41b in each hydraulic cylinder 41, but instead of this configuration, the bottom side oil is provided. It may be configured to be provided in either the chamber 41a or the rod-side oil chamber 41b.

(4) In the above embodiment, the accumulator 75 is provided for each of the bottom side oil chamber 41a and the rod side oil chamber 41b in each hydraulic cylinder 41, but instead of this configuration, the bottom side oil chamber 41a is provided. The oil pressure chamber 41b on the rod side and the oil pressure chamber 41b on the rod side may be provided, or the accumulator 75 may not be provided.

(5) In the above embodiment, the weight sensor 90 for measuring the weight as the storage capacity of the drug as a load is provided as the storage capacity measuring means, but instead of this configuration, a sensor for obtaining the volume of the drug is also used. good. Further, the load is not limited to chemicals, but may be fuel, crops to be planted in a field, crops to be harvested, or the like.

(6) In the above embodiment, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used as the tilt sensor, but instead of this configuration, various types such as a weight type tilt sensor and a liquid level detection type tilt sensor are used. A tilt sensor can be used.

(7) In the above embodiment, the chemical spraying device 2 is provided at the rear of the traveling vehicle body 1 as the working device, but the working device may be provided with a fertilization device or another type of working device. Further, the working device may be provided in the traveling vehicle body 1 in a state where it is located at an intermediate position between the front and rear wheels 3 and the rear wheels 4. In this configuration, for example, a large drug tank may be provided so that the work can be continued for a long time.

The present invention can be applied to a work vehicle provided with a plurality of traveling wheels.

19 Support member 40 Vehicle height adjustment mechanism 41 Hydraulic cylinder 60 Stroke sensor 73 Hydraulic control valve 75 Accumulator 78 Pressure sensor 80 Control unit 81 Inertial measurement unit (tilt sensor)
91 Driving condition detector F Body frame S Driving wheels

Claims (3)

Multiple traveling wheels are supported by the vehicle body frame via a telescopic cylindrical support member,
A hydraulically operated vehicle height adjustment mechanism capable of switching the relative height of the traveling wheel with respect to the vehicle body frame by expanding and contracting the support member with a hydraulic cylinder within a predetermined length range is provided for each of the plurality of traveling wheels. Be prepared for
A load accommodating device for accommodating a load whose weight changes as the work continues is mounted and supported on the vehicle body.
A hydraulic control valve that can control the supply state of hydraulic oil to each of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders,
A control unit that controls the operation of the hydraulic control valve,
A capacity measuring means for measuring the capacity of the load , and
An inclination sensor that measures the inclination angle of the vehicle body, and
A stroke sensor that measures the amount of expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder, and
A pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is provided.
The control unit is necessary to set the vehicle body at the target ground height and the target posture based on the measurement results of the accommodation capacity measuring means, the inclination sensor, and the stroke sensor, and to stabilize the weight balance of the vehicle body. A work vehicle that obtains a target pressure of the hydraulic cylinder to be controlled and executes pressure adjustment control for controlling the operation of the hydraulic control valve so that the detected value of the pressure sensor becomes the target pressure . The work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein an accumulator is connected to the oil chambers of each of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders. The work vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising a driver's seat on which the driver sits and an operating member arranged in front of the driver's seat.

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