JP7059558B2 - Tree growth method and tree growth system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for growing a rooted tree and a tree growth system.

Cultivation methods for promoting the growth of trees have been studied (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). The olive cultivation method described in Patent Document 1 shortens one life cycle period and enhances fruit productivity by setting a temperature during a dormant period or breaking the dormancy.

Further, the seedling production system described in Patent Document 2 includes an indoor seedling raising facility equipped with an automatic irrigation facility for inserting and germinating scion from a parent tree, and an indoor storage place for curing seedlings in an indoor environment. , It is equipped with an outdoor storage area where the seedlings cured in the indoor storage area are further cured in the outdoor environment.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-158270 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-75534

However, in the tree growing method described in Patent Documents 1, 2 and the like, potting soil is used. For this reason, the yield of trees may decrease due to diseases and pests caused by potting soil, and it may be difficult to improve productivity.

The method for growing a tree that solves the above problems is a method for growing a rooted tree, in which the medium in which the tree is planted is placed in a temperature-adjustable plant cultivation facility, and the root of the tree is flushed. By immersing the tree in a culture medium and controlling the environmental temperature in the plant cultivation facility, the dormant tree is broken down.

According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the productivity of trees by avoiding diseases and insect damages and carrying out early cultivation.

The schematic block diagram of the plant cultivation facility which grows the tree of this embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the time schedule of cultivation of this embodiment.

Hereinafter, an embodiment in which a tree growth method and a tree growth system are embodied will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In this embodiment, it is assumed that a larch sapling to be planted in a forest area is grown.

First, the plant cultivation facility 10 as a tree growth system for growing seedlings will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The plant cultivation facility 10 is usually not open to the outside world, and is a closed space where people can enter and exit only when the door is opened.

A cultivation floor 11 is arranged in the plant cultivation facility 10. The cultivation bed 11 includes a storage unit 12 for storing the circulated culture solution. A circulation path for circulating the culture solution is connected to the storage unit 12. A plurality of artificial media 15 are provided in the storage unit 12 with an air layer separated from each other in the horizontal direction. The artificial medium 15 is composed of, for example, a sterilized porous body such as urethane. Seedlings P1 rooted by cuttings are planted in each artificial medium 15. The roots of the seedling P1 are immersed in a culture solution that flows in the storage unit 12.

A plurality of light sources 16 are arranged above the cultivation floor 11. The light source 16 is an artificial light illuminating device that irradiates the seedling P1 with artificial light as sunshine. The light source 16 is a light source whose photon quantity (photosynthetic photon flux density) can be adjusted. In this embodiment, a fluorescent lamp type LED (light emitting diode) is used as the light source 16.

The plant cultivation facility 10 is provided with a temperature detection unit 21 and an air conditioning facility 22. The air temperature detection unit 21 detects the air temperature in the plant cultivation facility 10. The air conditioner 22 adjusts the inside of the plant cultivation facility 10 to a set temperature based on the temperature detected from the air temperature detection unit 21.

Further, in the circulation path connected to the storage unit 12 of the plant cultivation facility 10, a pressure pump (not shown) for pumping the culture solution, a culture solution temperature detection unit 25, and a culture solution cooling device 26 are provided. .. In the present embodiment, the storage unit 12, the circulation passage, and the pressure pump function as the culture solution flow unit.

The culture solution temperature detection unit 25 detects the temperature of the culture solution.
The culture solution cooling device 26 cools the circulating culture solution by a heat exchanger. The culture solution cooling device 26 cools the culture solution by using a heat exchanger so as to reach a set temperature based on the temperature detected from the culture solution temperature detection unit 25.
In the present embodiment, the air temperature detection unit 21, the air conditioning equipment 22, the culture solution temperature detection unit 25, and the culture solution cooling device 26 function as temperature control units.

Further, the plant cultivation facility 10 is provided with a CO2 concentration detection unit 28. The CO2 concentration detecting unit 28 detects the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the plant cultivation facility 10.

A carbon dioxide gas supply unit 30 is connected to the plant cultivation facility 10. The carbon dioxide gas supply unit 30 includes a gas supply pipe that connects the plant cultivation facility 10 and the office 31. A supply pump 32 and a valve 33 are attached to the gas supply pipe. The supply pump 32 pumps the exhaust gas (carbon dioxide gas) of the office 31 into the space of the plant cultivation facility 10. This exhaust contains a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). The valve 33 adjusts the supply amount of exhaust gas from the office 31. Therefore, when the supply pump 32 is operated, the exhaust gas from the office 31 is supplied to the plant cultivation facility 10.

The environmental conditions in the plant cultivation facility 10 are controlled by the control unit 50.
The control unit 50 is a control means including a CPU, RAM, a memory such as a ROM, and the like. The control unit 50 includes a daytime control unit 51, an air temperature control unit 52, a liquid temperature control unit 53, and a CO2 supply control unit 54. The control unit 50 identifies the current month and day (current day) using the calendar of the built-in system timer.

The daytime control unit 51 performs variable control of the photon quantity of the light source 16 and on / off control of the switch. The daytime control unit 51 stores sunshine control data that controls the light source 16 that irradiates the plant. This sunshine control data includes a sunshine control pattern relating to the amount of photons corresponding to the long hours of the day. The day length is the time of the tomorrow in the day. In the sunshine control pattern, a pattern is set in which the pattern cycle time is 24 hours and the amount of photons is adjusted in the same manner as the illuminance pattern of sunlight in the daytime.

The daytime control unit 51 outputs an instruction signal for on / off and variable control of photons to the lighting mechanism unit of the light source 16 by using the sunshine control data according to the daytime time. In the present embodiment, the long day of each day is preset according to the annual time schedule (month and day). Specifically, the day-long control unit 51 has a 16-hour day length during the growing season (February 21st to October 31st) and a dormant period (November 1st to February 20th of the following year). , Set to 8 hours day length.

The air temperature control unit 52 controls the air conditioning equipment 22 so that the temperature inside the plant cultivation facility 10 becomes a set temperature based on the temperature of the plant cultivation facility 10 detected by the air temperature detection unit 21. In the present embodiment, the set temperature of the air temperature control unit 52 is set in advance according to the annual schedule. Here, in the dormant period, the set temperature is set to 5 ° C to 15 ° C, and in the growing period, the set temperature is set to 25 ° C. Raise or lower the temperature step by step. Specifically, the maximum growing season (April 1st to October 31st) is 25 ° C, the dormant introduction period (November 1st to November 30th) and the winter bud growing season (February) during the transition period. The set temperature is set to 23 ° C for 5th to 31st March) and 7 ° C for the dormant breakthrough period (1st December to 4th February of the following year).

The liquid temperature control unit 53 controls the culture liquid cooling device 26 so that the culture liquid supplied to the plant cultivation facility 10 reaches a set temperature based on the temperature of the culture liquid detected by the culture liquid temperature detection unit 25. In the present embodiment, the set temperature of the liquid temperature control unit 53 is preset according to the annual schedule. Specifically, during the maximum growing season (April 1st to October 31st), the temperature of the culture solution is set to 15 ° C. to 20 ° C., and in this range, the temperature at which the difference from the outside air temperature becomes small. Set to. Further, in the dormant period, the temperature of the culture solution is set to a temperature at which the culture solution does not freeze and is lower than the temperature of the plant cultivation facility 10. Specifically, the dormancy introduction period (November 1st to November 30th) and the winter bud growth period (February 5th to March 31st) are 10 ° C, and the dormancy breakthrough period (December 1st to February of the following year). On the 4th), 3 ° C. is used as the set temperature.

The CO2 supply control unit 54 controls the carbon dioxide gas supply unit 30 so that the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation facility 10 becomes a set concentration during the growing season (February 21st to October 31st). In this case, the CO2 supply control unit 54 controls the supply amount of the exhaust gas supplied from the office 31 based on the CO2 concentration of the plant cultivation facility 10 detected by the CO2 concentration detection unit 28.

<Cultivation schedule>
Next, the annual schedule for cultivating the seedling P1 will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the growing season is from February 21st to October 31st. In normal open-field cultivation, the growing season is from April to August.

In the most growing season (April 1st to October 31st) when the seedling P1 grows best in the growing season, the day time is 16 hours, the set temperature of the temperature is 25 ° C, and the set temperature of the culture solution is 15 ° C. It grows at ~ 20 ° C. with a set concentration of CO2 concentration of 1000 ppm.

Then, the introduction of dormancy will start on November 1. Since the seedling P1 sleeps in 2 to 4 weeks, in the present embodiment, the environmental condition for introducing the sleep is continued for 1 month (until November 30). In this dormancy-introducing period, the set temperature is changed to 8 hours for a long day, the set temperature is set to 23 ° C, and the set temperature of the culture solution is set to 10 ° C. In this case, the CO2 supply control unit 54 of the control unit 50 closes the valve 33 of the carbon dioxide gas supply unit 30 to stop the exhaust from the office 31. When the supply from the carbon dioxide gas supply unit 30 is stopped, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation facility 10 becomes about 200 ppm.

After that, the dormancy break will start on December 1st. In this dormancy breaking period, the set temperature is changed to 7 ° C and the set temperature of the culture solution is changed to 3 ° C by stopping the supply of carbon dioxide for 8 hours a day for a long time.

When the period of 1500 hours or more from the start of dormancy break has passed and it is February 5th, which is about 2 weeks before the growing season, the winter bud growing season is started. In this winter bud growing season, the air temperature and the temperature of the culture solution are gradually increased. Specifically, for about 40 days from the start date of the winter bud growing season (February 5) to the full growth of winter buds (March 31), the temperature inside the plant cultivation facility 10 was 23 ° C. Set the liquid temperature to 10 ° C. In the middle of this winter bud growing season, if 2000 hours have passed since the start of dormancy breaking and the growing season is reached, the day length is changed to 16 hours and carbon dioxide is supplied.
Then, according to the time schedule described above, the seedling P1 is cultivated for 2 to 3 years to make a large seedling, and then planted in the forest area.

According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) In the present embodiment, the roots of the seedlings P1 planted in the artificial medium 15 of the cultivation bed 11 arranged in the plant cultivation facility 10 are immersed in the circulating culture solution to lower the temperature in the plant cultivation facility 10. And break the dormancy. As a result, since the culture solution is flowed to the seedling P1, the influence of diseases and pests caused by the potting soil can be suppressed. Then, the trees can be grown at an early stage to improve the yield. In addition, it is possible to suppress the embracing and entanglement of the artificial medium 15 by the roots of the seedling P1. Therefore, the seedling P1 can be easily carried when planting trees, and the survival rate can be improved.

(2) In the present embodiment, during the dormancy breakthrough period, the environmental temperature is controlled and the day time by the light source 16 provided in the plant cultivation facility 10 is shortened. As a result, the sapling P1 can be broken from dormancy depending on the environmental temperature and the long day.

(3) In the present embodiment, the temperature of the culture solution supplied to the seedling P1 is lowered during the dormancy breaking period. Thereby, the temperature of the underground part of the seedling P1 can be controlled by the temperature of the culture solution, and the seedling P1 can be broken from dormancy.

(4) In the present embodiment, the light source 16 is controlled to shorten the daytime time at the time of introducing dormancy. As a result, the seedling P1 can be put to sleep.
(5) In the present embodiment, the culture solution cooling device 26 is controlled to lower the temperature of the culture solution during the dormancy introduction period. As a result, the seedling P1 can be more reliably put to sleep.

(6) In the present embodiment, after the introduction of dormancy is completed, the dormancy is forcibly broken. As a result, the dormancy period can be shortened, the growth period can be lengthened, and the seedlings can be cultivated at an early stage.
(7) In the present embodiment, the exhaust gas (carbon dioxide) from the office 31 is supplied to the plant cultivation facility 10 during the growing season. This makes it possible to promote the early growth of the seedling P1 during the growing season. Then, since the supply of unnecessary carbon dioxide is stopped during the dormant period, it is possible to efficiently control the supply of carbon dioxide.

Moreover, this embodiment may be changed as follows.
-In the above embodiment, the air temperature in the plant cultivation facility 10 was set to 25 ° C. in the maximum growing season, 23 ° C. in the dormancy introducing period and the winter bud growing period, and 7 ° C. in the dormancy breaking period. The temperature of the culture solution was set to 15 ° C to 20 ° C for the maximum growing period, 10 ° C for the dormancy introducing period and the winter bud growing period, and 3 ° C for the dormancy breaking period. The temperature of the plant cultivation facility 10 and the temperature of the culture solution are not limited to this. The temperature at the time of introducing dormancy and breaking the dormancy and the temperature of the culture solution may be as low as necessary for the tree to be grown to introduce dormancy and break the dormancy.

-In the above embodiment, the seedling P1 was grown with a day length of 16 hours in the growing season and a day length of 8 hours in the dormant period. The long day (light period) in the growing period and the dormant period is not limited to this. For example, in the growing season, for example, 24 hours of continuous sunshine may be used. There is also a research report that the number of leaves of larch is tripled when it is lit for 24 hours continuously, and it is possible to grow it earlier by sunshine for 24 hours.

-In the above embodiment, the seedling P1 was irradiated with artificial light from the light source 16 according to the sunshine control pattern regarding the photon amount according to the long day of the day. In this case, artificial light whose spectrum of the LED of the light source 16 is optimally controlled may be irradiated.

-In the above embodiment, the control unit 50 controls the day length, the air temperature, and the temperature of the culture solution according to a predetermined time schedule to introduce or break the dormancy of the seedling P1. Alternatively, a person may control the day length, air temperature, and temperature of the culture medium on a daily basis according to the calendar. Further, the control unit 50 may output instructions such as temperature adjustment and daytime adjustment based on the cultivation schedule. In this case, in response to the instruction of the control unit 50, the person in charge operates the light source 16, the air conditioning equipment 22, the culture solution cooling device 26, and the carbon dioxide gas supply unit 30, and the day length, the air temperature, the temperature of the culture solution, and the carbon dioxide dioxide. Adjust the carbon concentration.

-In the above embodiment, the seedling P1 was arranged and grown on the artificial medium 15 arranged at a horizontal distance. The arrangement direction of the growing seedling P1 is not limited to this, and may be arranged and grown in the vertical direction.

-In the above embodiment, the seedling P1 was grown in the plant cultivation facility 10 and then planted in the forest area. After growing the seedling P1 in the plant cultivation facility 10, it may be adapted once in the field of the open field and planted in the forest area.

-In the above embodiment, the dormancy introduction period is set to 1 month, and the dormancy breakthrough period is set to about 1500 hours. The dormancy introductory period and the dormancy breaking period are not limited to these, and can be changed according to the low temperature required time of the growing seedling P1.

-In the above embodiment, in the plant cultivation facility 10, the dormancy was broken immediately after the introduction of dormancy was completed, and the larch saplings to be planted in the forest area were cultivated at an early stage. Instead of early growth, dormancy may be broken according to the flowering time of the tree. In this case, the start time of dormancy breakthrough is determined according to the flowering time. This makes it possible to control the flowering time of trees for appreciation such as peaches and cherry blossoms.

P1 ... Sapling as a tree, 10 ... Plant cultivation facility, 11 ... Cultivation floor, 12 ... Storage section, 15 ... Artificial medium, 16 ... Light source as artificial light lighting device, 21 ... Temperature detector, 22 ... Air conditioning equipment, 25 ... Culture solution temperature detection unit, 26 ... Culture solution cooling device, 28 ... CO2 concentration detection unit, 30 ... Carbon dioxide gas supply unit, 31 ... Office, 32 ... Supply pump, 33 ... Valve, 50 ... Control unit, 51 ... Day length Time control unit, 52 ... Temperature control unit, 53 ... Liquid temperature control, 54 ... CO2 supply control unit.

Claims (5)

It is a method of growing rooted trees by hydroponics .
The medium in which the tree was planted was placed in a temperature-adjustable plant cultivation facility.
The roots of the tree are immersed in the culture solution that has flowed inside the storage unit to which the circulation path for circulating the culture solution is connected .
The temperature in the plant cultivation facility is set to be lower than the growing season, and the temperature of the culture solution in the plant cultivation facility is set to be lower than the temperature at a temperature at which the culture solution does not freeze. Introduced dormancy of trees,
By controlling the environmental temperature in the plant cultivation facility, the dormant trees are broken .
In the dormancy breakthrough, the temperature of the culture solution in the plant cultivation facility is set to a temperature lower than the temperature in the plant cultivation facility during the dormancy introduction period, and the temperature of the culture solution is set to a temperature at which the culture solution does not freeze. A method of growing trees characterized by temperature and lower than air temperature . An artificial light lighting device that irradiates artificial light is installed in the plant cultivation facility.
The method for growing a tree according to claim 1, wherein the artificial light lighting device is used to control the time of the light period of the tree in breaking the dormancy. The method for growing a tree according to claim 2, wherein the dormancy of the tree is introduced by shortening the time of the light period by the artificial light. The method for growing a tree according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control of the environmental temperature is performed by controlling the temperature of the culture solution. It is a tree growth system that grows rooted trees by hydroponics .
Inside the storage section to which the circulation path for circulating the culture solution is connected, a culture solution flow section for immersing the root of the tree planted in the medium and flowing the culture solution,
A temperature control unit that adjusts the environmental temperature of the trees placed in the plant cultivation facility ,
It is provided with a control means for controlling the temperature adjusting unit to the environmental temperature for breaking the dormant tree in the dormant state.
The control means is
The temperature in the plant cultivation facility is set to be lower than the growing season, and the temperature of the culture solution in the plant cultivation facility is set to be lower than the temperature at a temperature at which the culture solution does not freeze. Introduced dormancy of trees,
The temperature is set lower than the temperature in the plant cultivation facility during the dormancy introduction period, and the temperature of the culture solution in the plant cultivation facility is lower than the temperature and temperature in the dormancy introduction period at a temperature at which the culture solution does not freeze. A tree growth system characterized by breaking the dormancy of the dormant tree.

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