JP7041398B2 - 車両駆動装置 - Google Patents
車両駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7041398B2 JP7041398B2 JP2018143353A JP2018143353A JP7041398B2 JP 7041398 B2 JP7041398 B2 JP 7041398B2 JP 2018143353 A JP2018143353 A JP 2018143353A JP 2018143353 A JP2018143353 A JP 2018143353A JP 7041398 B2 JP7041398 B2 JP 7041398B2
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- vehicle
- motor
- drive motor
- wheel
- output
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
Description
車両の駆動にインホイールモータを使用する車両駆動装置であって、車両の左右の車輪に夫々設けられると共に、左右の車輪を駆動する2つのインホイールモータと、車両の車体に設けられると共に、車両のインホイールモータが設けられた左右の車輪、又はインホイールモータが設けられていない左右の車輪を駆動する車体側モータと、第1の送電ラインを介して車体側モータに電力を供給するバッテリと、このバッテリよりも高い電圧に蓄電可能であり、バッテリと直列に接続されたキャパシタと、運転者の要求出力に基づいてインホイールモータ及び車体側モータを制御する制御器と、を有し、直列に接続されたバッテリとキャパシタは、バッテリの電圧とキャパシタの電圧を合算した電圧を、第2の送電ラインを介してインホイールモータに供給し、2つのインホイールモータの最大出力の合計は、車体側モータの出力よりも大きく構成され、制御器は、運転者の要求出力が所定の出力未満のときに、車体側モータに駆動力を発生させる一方、インホイールモータには駆動力を発生させず、さらに、制御器は、運転者の要求出力が所定の出力以上の場合において、車体側モータ及びインホイールモータに駆動力を発生させる、ように構成されていることを特徴としている。
一般に、誘導電動機は、高回転領域において大きな出力トルクが得られると共に、軽量に構成することができる。このため、本発明において、低回転領域において大きなトルクを要求されることがないインホイールモータに誘導電動機を採用することにより、必要な回転領域で十分なトルクを発生することができる電動機を軽量に構成することができる。
一般に、永久磁石電動機は、起動トルクが比較的大きく、低回転領域で大きなトルクを得ることができる。このため、本発明において、低回転領域においても大きなトルクを要求される車体側モータに永久磁石電動機を採用することにより、必要な回転領域で十分なトルクを発生することができる電動機を軽量に構成することができる。
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態によるハイブリッド駆動装置を搭載した車両のレイアウト図である。図2は本実施形態のハイブリッド駆動装置を搭載した車両の前部を上方から見た透視図であり、図3は車両の前部を側面から見た透視図である。図4は、図2のiv-iv線に沿う断面図である。
なお、本実施形態において、トランスミッション14cは、所謂トランスアクスル配置である。これにより、エンジン12の直後の位置に外径の大きな変速機の本体が存在しなくなるので、フロアトンネル(プロペラシャフトトンネル4d)の幅を小さくすることができ、乗員の中央側足元空間を確保して乗員に真正面に正対した左右対称な下半身姿勢をとらせることが可能となる。更に、この乗員の姿勢を確保しつつ主駆動モータ16の外径や、長さを出力に応じた十分な大きさにすることが容易になる。
なお、上記のように、本実施形態においてはトランスアクスル配置が採用されているため、これにより生じたフロアトンネル(プロペラシャフトトンネル4d)前方の空間に向けて、バッテリ18を収容する容積を拡大することができる。これにより、フロアトンネルの幅を大きくして乗員の中央側空間を狭めることなく、バッテリ18容量の確保、拡大が可能になる。
図5は、本発明の第1実施形態によるハイブリッド駆動装置10における各種信号の入出力を示すブロック図である。図6は、本発明の第1実施形態によるハイブリッド駆動装置10の電源構成を示すブロック図である。図7は、本実施形態のハイブリッド駆動装置10において、キャパシタ22に電力が回生された場合における電圧の変化の一例を模式的に示す図である。図8は、本実施形態のハイブリッド駆動装置10において使用されている各モータの出力と車速の関係を示す図である。
図7に示すように、キャパシタ22の電圧は、バッテリ18によるベース電圧と、キャパシタ22自体の端子間電圧の合計となる。車両1の減速時等には、各副駆動モータ20により電力の回生が行われ、回生された電力はキャパシタ22に充電される。キャパシタ22への充電が行われると比較的急激に端子間電圧が上昇する。充電によりキャパシタ22の電圧が所定電圧以上に上昇すると、高圧DC/DCコンバータ26aによりキャパシタ22の電圧が降圧され、バッテリ18への充電が行われる。図7に示すように、このキャパシタ22からバッテリ18への充電は、キャパシタ22への充電よりも比較的緩やかに行われ、キャパシタ22の電圧は適正電圧まで比較的緩やかに低下される。
一方、主駆動モータ16によって回生された電力は、バッテリ18に直接充電される。
図9に示すように、副駆動モータ20は、ステータ28と、このステータの周囲で回転するロータ30から構成されたアウターロータタイプの誘導電動機である。
図12は、トランスミッション14cをシフトダウン又はシフトアップした場合において、車両に作用する加速度の変化を模式的に示す図であり、上段から順にダウンシフトトルクダウン、ダウンシフトトルクアシスト、アップシフトトルクアシストの一例を夫々示している。
本実施形態による車両駆動装置は、制御装置24によって実行される制御が上述した第1実施形態とは異なる。従って、図1乃至図9を参照して説明した車両駆動装置の構成は第1実施形態と同一であるため説明を省略し、ここでは本発明の第2実施形態の、第1実施形態とは異なる点のみを説明する。
2a 後輪(主駆動輪)
2b 前輪(副駆動輪)
4a サブフレーム
4b フロントサイドフレーム
4c ダッシュパネル
4d プロペラシャフトトンネル
6a エンジンマウント
6b キャパシタ用マウント
8a アッパアーム
8b ロアアーム
8c スプリング
8d ショックアブソーバ
10 ハイブリッド駆動装置(車両駆動装置)
12 エンジン(内燃機関)
14 動力伝達機構
14a プロペラシャフト
14b クラッチ
14c トランスミッション(有段変速機、自動変速機)
14d トルクチューブ
16 主駆動モータ(主駆動電動機、車体側モータ)
16a インバータ
18 バッテリ(蓄電器)
20 副駆動モータ(副駆動電動機、インホイールモータ)
20a インバータ
22 キャパシタ
22a ブラケット
22b ハーネス
24 制御装置(制御器)
25 電装品
26a 高圧DC/DCコンバータ(電圧変換器)
26b 低圧DC/DCコンバータ
28 ステータ
28a ステータベース
28b ステータシャフト
28c ステータコイル
30 ロータ
30a ロータ本体
30b ロータコイル
32 電気絶縁液室
32a 電気絶縁液
34 ベアリング
40 モード選択スイッチ
42 車速センサ
44 アクセル開度センサ
46 ブレーキセンサ
48 エンジン回転数センサ
50 自動変速機入力回転センサ
52 自動変速機出力回転センサ
54 電圧センサ
56 電流センサ
58 燃料噴射弁
60 点火プラグ
62 油圧ソレノイド弁
101 車両
102a 前輪(主駆動輪)
102b 後輪(副駆動輪)
201 車両
202a 前輪(主駆動輪)
301 車両
302b 後輪(主駆動輪)
Claims (9)
- 車両の駆動にインホイールモータを使用する車両駆動装置であって、
上記車両の左右の車輪に夫々設けられると共に、上記左右の車輪を駆動する2つのインホイールモータと、
上記車両の車体に設けられると共に、上記車両の上記インホイールモータが設けられた左右の車輪、又は上記インホイールモータが設けられていない左右の車輪を駆動する車体側モータと、
第1の送電ラインを介して上記車体側モータに電力を供給するバッテリと、
このバッテリよりも高い電圧に蓄電可能であり、上記バッテリと直列に接続されたキャパシタと、
運転者の要求出力に基づいて上記インホイールモータ及び上記車体側モータを制御する制御器と、を有し、
直列に接続された上記バッテリと上記キャパシタは、上記バッテリの電圧と上記キャパシタの電圧を合算した電圧を、第2の送電ラインを介して上記インホイールモータに供給し、
上記2つのインホイールモータの最大出力の合計は、上記車体側モータの出力よりも大きく構成され、
上記制御器は、運転者の要求出力が所定の出力未満のときに、上記車体側モータに駆動力を発生させる一方、上記インホイールモータには駆動力を発生させず、
さらに、上記制御器は、運転者の要求出力が上記所定の出力以上の場合において、上記車体側モータ及び上記インホイールモータに駆動力を発生させる、ように構成されていることを特徴とする車両駆動装置。 - さらに、上記車両のアクセルペダルの踏込量を検出するアクセル開度センサを有し、上記制御器は、上記アクセル開度センサによって検出されたアクセルペダルの踏込量に基づいて運転者の要求出力を設定するように構成され、アクセルペダルの踏込量が大きい場合には、アクセルペダルの踏込量が小さい場合よりも、運転者の要求出力が大きな値に設定される、ように構成されている請求項1記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記インホイールモータは、減速機構を介することなく、上記インホイールモータが設けられた車輪を直接駆動する、ように構成されている請求項1又は2に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記インホイールモータは、誘導電動機である請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記車体側モータは、永久磁石電動機である請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記インホイールモータは上記車両の前輪を駆動し、上記車体側モータは上記車両の後輪を駆動するように構成されている請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記インホイールモータは上記車両の後輪を駆動し、上記車体側モータは上記車両の前輪を駆動するように構成されている請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記インホイールモータ及び上記車体側モータは、上記車両の前輪を駆動するように構成されている請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記インホイールモータ及び上記車体側モータは、上記車両の後輪を駆動するように構成されている請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
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