JP7022698B2 - チタン、アルミニウム、バナジウム、及び鉄のbcc材料ならびにそれから作製される製品 - Google Patents
チタン、アルミニウム、バナジウム、及び鉄のbcc材料ならびにそれから作製される製品 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 152
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014459 Sorbus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001092391 Sorbus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- C22C1/047—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy comprising intermetallic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
・ Si:1wt%まで
・ Y:1wt%まで
・ Er:1wt%まで
・ C:0.5wt%まで
・ O:0.5wt%まで
・ B:0.5wt%まで。
材料において、このような任意選択の追加の元素の量が、強化析出物の生成を誘発するのに十分であるべき一方で、このような任意選択の追加の元素の量はまた、第1相粒子を避けるために制限されるべきである。
上記の新規材料を付加製造によって製造することも可能である。本明細書で使用する場合、「付加製造」とは、ASTM F2792-12a、タイトル「Standard Terminology for Additively Manufacturing Technologies」において規定されているように、「除去製造法とは反対である、材料を接合して3Dモデルデータから(通常は積層して)物体を作製するプロセス」を意味する。新規材料は、このASTM規格に記載されている任意の適切な付加製造技術、例えば、特にバインダージェット、指向性エネルギー堆積、材料押出し、材料ジェット、粉末床溶融結合、またはシート積層によって製造してもよい。
上記の開示では、概して、析出相を有する新規bcc材料をどのように作製するかについて記載しているが、bcc固溶体構造物から本質的になる材料を作製することも可能である。例えば、上記のようにインゴット、展伸体、成形鋳造物、または付加製造体を作製した後、例えば上記の溶解する工程(20)に関して記載したように、材料を均質化してもよい。適切な急冷を用いると、任意の第2の相の粒子の析出は抑制/制限され、それにより、任意の第2の相の粒子を本質的に含まないbcc固溶体材料、すなわちbcc固溶体構造物から本質的になる材料を実現することができる。
新規材料は、特性の改善された組合せを実現しうる。このセクションでは、特定されない限り、すべての機械的特性が縦(L)方向に測定される。このセクションでは、「熱処理」は、溶体化熱処理され、次いで水で急冷され、次いで515℃で2時間熱処理され、次いで空気冷却されることを意味する。
Ti-4Al-8V-3Feおよび従来のTi-6Al-4V合金は、アーク溶解キャスティングを介してロッドにキャストされた。キャスティング後、鋳放し合金の機械的特性は、ASTM E8に従って測定され、その結果が表3~4に示される。熱処理されたTi-4Al-8V-3Fe合金の試験片は、760℃で30分間溶体化熱処理され、次いで水で急冷され、次いで515℃で2時間熱処理され、その後空気冷却された。熱処理された合金の機械的特性は、その後ASTM E8に従って試験され、その結果が下の表4に示される。報告された強度および伸び特性の全ては、縦(L)方向における試験によるものである。
Claims (18)
- チタン合金であって、
2.0~6.0wt%のAl、
4~8.75wt%のV、および、
1.0~4.75wt%のFe、を含み、
残部がTi、付随元素、及び不可避な不純物からなり、
前記付随元素は、Si:1wt%以下、Y:1wt以下、Er:1wt%以下、C:0.5wt%以下、O:0.5wt%以下、及びB:0.5wt%以下からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
850℃を超えないベータ変態点を実現するのに十分な量の前記Ti、前記Al、前記V、および前記Feを含み、
前記チタン合金がチタン合金体の形態であり、前記チタン合金体が、0.5体積%以上の強化析出物を含む、チタン合金。 - 前記合金が少なくとも1.5wt%のFeを含む、請求項1に記載のチタン合金。
- 前記合金が少なくとも2.25wt%のAlを含む、請求項1に記載のチタン合金。
- 前記合金が5.75wt%を超えないAlを含む、請求項1に記載のチタン合金。
- 前記合金が少なくとも5.0wt%のVを含む、請求項1に記載のチタン合金。
- 前記合金が8.5wt%を超えないVを含む、請求項1に記載のチタン合金。
- 付加製造品の形態である、請求項1~6に記載のチタン合金のいずれかを含む合金体。
- (a)付加製造装置において供給原料を使用することであって、前記供給原料が、
2.0~6.0wt%のAl、
4~8.75wt%のV、および、
1.0~4.75wt%のFe、を含み、
残部がTi、付随元素、及び不可避な不純物からなり、
前記付随元素は、Si:1wt%以下、Y:1wt以下、Er:1wt%以下、C:0.5wt%以下、O:0.5wt%以下、及びB:0.5wt%以下からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
前記供給材料が、850℃を超えないベータ変態点を実現するのに十分な量の前記Ti、前記Al、前記V、および前記Feを含む、使用することと、
(b)前記供給原料を使用して、前記付加製造装置において金属製品を作製することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記供給原料が粉末供給原料を含み、
(a)前記粉末供給原料の金属粉末を床に分散させること、及び/または前記粉末供給原料の金属粉末を基材に向かってもしくは基材上に吹き付けることと、
(b)前記金属粉末の一部分をその液相線温度超に選択的に加熱し、それにより溶融池を形成することと、
(c)前記溶融池を冷却し、それにより前記金属製品の一部分を形成することであって、前記冷却することが、少なくとも毎秒100℃の冷却速度で冷却することを含む、形成することと、
(d)工程(a)~(c)を前記金属製品が完成するまで繰り返すことと、を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記供給原料がワイヤー供給原料を含み、
(a)放射線源を使用して、前記ワイヤー供給原料をその液相線点超に加熱し、それにより溶融池を生成することであって、前記溶融池がTi、Al、V、及びFeを含む、生成することと、
(b)前記溶融池を少なくとも毎秒1000℃の冷却速度で冷却することと、
(c)工程(a)~(b)を前記金属製品が完成するまで繰り返すことと、を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記冷却速度が、少なくとも1つの析出相を形成するのに十分なものである、請求項9または10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの析出相が、Ti3Alを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記金属製品は少なくとも0.5体積%の前記析出相を含む、請求項11または12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記金属製品を加工すること、を含み、前記金属製品が、最終付加製造体であり、前記加工することが、前記最終付加製造体を加工することである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記作製する工程が、
前記供給原料を使用して、前記金属製品の一部分を第1に作製する工程と、
前記供給原料を使用して、前記金属製品の別の一部分を第2に作製する工程と、を含み、
前記加工することは、少なくとも前記第1に作製する工程または前記第2に作製する工程の後に行う、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 前記加工することは、前記第1に作製する工程と前記第2に作製する工程の間に行う、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記加工することが、熱間静水圧圧縮成形を含む、請求項14~16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記加工することが、圧延、鍛造、及び押出しのうちの1つ以上を含む、請求項14~16のいずれかに記載の方法。
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