JP7015169B2 - 機能性ミトコンドリアで富化された哺乳動物細胞 - Google Patents
機能性ミトコンドリアで富化された哺乳動物細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、細胞プラットフォーム、より具体的には、治療上意味のある量の完全に機能する健常なミトコンドリアを標的化送達および全身送達するための骨髄由来細胞プラットフォームを提供する。本発明はさらに、このような細胞プラットフォームを作製する方法およびミトコンドリア疾患の治療にそれを用いる方法を提供する。
ヒトHepG2細胞(105個、ATCC HB-8065)を未処置(対照)とするか、ヒト胎盤細胞から単離したミトコンドリアと24時間インキュベートした。細胞を播種する前、ミトコンドリアと細胞とを混合し、8000gで遠心分離し、再懸濁させた。インキュベーション後、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、CS0720 Sigmaキットを用いてCS活性を測定した(図1)。
ミトコンドリア内で緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)を発現するマウス線維芽細胞(3T3)(左パネル)と、ミトコンドリア内で赤色蛍光タンパク質(RFP)を発現するマウス線維芽細胞(3T3)(中央パネル)から単離したRFP標識ミトコンドリアとを24時間インキュベートした。蛍光共焦点顕微鏡法を用いて、GFPおよびRFPの両方で標識され黄色に見える線維芽細胞(右パネル)を確認した(図2)。
マウス線維芽細胞(104個、3T3)を未処置(対照)とするか、0.5μMのロテノン(ロテノン、ミトコンドリア複合体Iの不可逆的阻害剤、CAS番号83-79-4)で4時間処置し、洗浄し、さらに0.02mg/mlのマウス胎盤ミトコンドリア(ロテノン+ミトコンドリア)で3時間処置した。細胞を洗浄し、Perkin Elmer ATPliteキットを用いてATPレベルを求めた(図3)。図3からわかるように、ミトコンドリアとインキュベートした細胞は、対照と比較してATP産生が完全にレスキューされている。
マウス骨髄細胞(105個)をマウスメラノーマ細胞から単離したGFP標識ミトコンドリアと24時間インキュベートした。蛍光共焦点顕微鏡法を用いて、骨髄細胞内のGFP標識ミトコンドリアを確認した(図4)。
マウス骨髄細胞(106)を未処置とするか、マウスメラノーマ細胞から単離したGFP標識ミトコンドリアの量を変えて一緒に15時間インキュベートした。細胞を播種する前、ミトコンドリアと細胞とを混合し、室温で5分間静置する((-)Cent)か、40℃にて5分間、8,000gで遠心分離したC((+)Cent)。次いで細胞を24ウェルに播種した(106細胞/ウェル)。15分間インキュベートした後、細胞を2回洗浄して、細胞に侵入していないミトコンドリアを除去した。CS0720 Sigmaキットを用いてクエン酸シンターゼ活性を求めた(図5)。上に明記した条件下で測定したCS活性レベルを表1にまとめる。
マウス骨髄細胞(106個)を未処置とするか、マウスメラノーマ細胞から単離したGFP標識ミトコンドリア(17Uまたは34U、ミトコンドリア含有量のマーカーとしてクエン酸シンターゼ活性のレベルを示す)と24時間インキュベートした。細胞とミトコンドリアとを混合し、8000gで遠心分離し、再懸濁させた。24時間インキュベートした後、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、CS0720キットおよびCY0100キット(Sigma社)を用いてクエン酸シンターゼ(CS)活性(図6A)およびシトクロームc還元酵素活性(図6B)のレベルをそれぞれ測定した。
マウス骨髄細胞(105)を未処置にするか、マウスメラノーマ細胞から単離したGFP標識ミトコンドリアと24時間インキュベートした。細胞とミトコンドリアとを混合し、8000gで遠心分離し、再懸濁させた。24時間インキュベートした後、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、ロテノン(25mM)を注射してから4時間後に硝子体内に注射した。免疫組織化学法を用いてパラフィン切片を抗GFP抗体で染色した。図7Aに、対照1(細胞もミトコンドリアも注射していない、左パネル)および対照2(ミトコンドリアを搭載した細胞を注射したが染色に抗GFPを使用していない、右パネル)のスライスの染色を示す。図7Bに、注射した眼球のスライスの染色を示す。網膜神経節細胞(RGC)層(上のパネル2つ)、血管(*)および血管壁を裏打ちする細胞(矢印)にGFP陽性細胞が観察された。
143B Rho0細胞(ヒト骨肉腫、ミトコンドリアDNA欠損(mtDNA-)を96ウェルに播種し(3×104細胞/ウェル)、ピルビン酸塩とウリジンとを含有する培地で培養した。143B TK細胞(ヒト骨肉腫、チミジンキナーゼ陽性(TK+)、mtDNA+、2×106細胞/ウェル)からミトコンドリアを単離し、143B Rho0細胞とインキュベートした。24時間後、培地を交換し、細胞をガンシクロビルで処理して143B TK+細胞を除去した。残った細胞をさらに3日間培養した後、培地をピルビン酸塩もウリジンも含まないものに交換した。24時間後、細胞をトリプシンで処理し、10cmのディッシュに移した。その後9日間、培地を3日毎に交換した。1組のディッシュ(対照細胞およびミトコンドリア処置細胞)をメタノールで固定し、ギムザで染色した(図8A)。2組目をトリプシンで処理し、細胞数およびミトコンドリア活性の指標としてATPレベルとアッセイした(図8B)。図8Bからわかるように、ミトコンドリアとインキュベートした細胞のATPレベルは対照の約5.3倍上昇した。
ヒトCD34+細胞(1.4×105個、ATCC PCS-800-012)を未処置とするか、ヒト胎盤細胞から単離したGFP標識ミトコンドリアと20時間インキュベートした。細胞を播種する前、ミトコンドリアと細胞とを混合し、8000gで遠心分離し、再懸濁させた。インキュベーション後、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、CS0720 Sigmaキットを用いてCS活性を測定した(図9A)。ATPlite(Perkin Elmer社)を用いてATP含有量を測定した(図9B)。上に明記した条件下で測定したCS活性レベル(図9A)を表2にまとめる。
WTマウス胎盤からマウスミトコンドリアを採取し、これを用いてミトコンドリア疾患(mtDNA tRNA-Alaに変異がみられる疾患など)のマウスモデルの骨髄を処置する。簡潔に述べれば、疾患骨髄細胞をex vivoでマウス胎盤ミトコンドリアの濃度およびインキュベーション時間を変えて処置し、別の疾患マウスに注射する。比較のため、健常マウスから疾患マウスへの健常骨髄の移植も実施する。効果をみるアッセイを様々な時点で実施する(移植前:ATPレベル、O2消費量、クエン酸シンターゼ(CS)活性;移植後:ATP合成量、O2消費量、mtDNAのヘテロプラスミー、CS活性および血中の乳酸の有無)。注射から1日後、1週間後および1か月後、様々な組織(主として骨髄、心臓、骨格筋、肝臓および脳)の変異型ミトコンドリアtRNA遺伝子と野生型ミトコンドリアtRNA遺伝子とをPCRで比較解析することにより、ミトコンドリアの生体内分布を調べる。
三次元培養で培養した高純度の活性なヒト胎盤ミトコンドリアを単離し、CS活性およびO2消費量に関して特徴を明らかにする。mtDNAの変異または欠失があるミトコンドリア疾患(LHON、MELAS、リー症候群、ピアソン病、アルパース症候群)の患者の皮膚生検から線維芽細胞を単離する。患者の線維芽細胞および(患者から骨髄を吸引する必要がないように)線維芽細胞をin vitroで人工多能性幹(iPS)細胞に変換し造血系統に再プログラム化したものの両方でミトコンドリア増強およびミトコンドリアレスキューの能力を調べる。細胞をヒトミトコンドリアで処置し、ミトコンドリアとインキュベートした後の様々な時点(3時間後、24時間後および48時間後)でmtDNAヘテロプラスミー、CS活性、ATP含有量およびO2消費量を調べる。
2つの異なるバックグランドに由来する対照健常マウスの骨髄細胞内にミトコンドリアを導入する。これにより、ミトコンドリアの入手源はmtDNA配列の異なるマウス由来になる(Jenuth JPら,Nature Genetics,1996,Vol.14,p.146-151)。
健常なミトコンドリアがLHONに類似したミトコンドリア疾患マウスモデルであるND6(Chun Shi Linら,PNAS,2012,Vol.109(49),p.20065-20070)の表現型を部分的にレスキューし得ることを明らかにするため、ND6マウスモデルの骨髄細胞内にミトコンドリアを導入する。
安全性試験および体内分布のため、ヒト血中ミトコンドリアをマウス骨髄細胞内に導入する。
ミトコンドリア疾患に罹患しているヒト患者を治療する方法の各段階は、(1)ミトコンドリア疾患、例えばLHON、MELASまたはピアソン症候群に罹患している患者にG-CSFを用量10~16μg/kgで5日間投与する段階;(2)第6日、患者の血液にアフェレーシスを実施して骨髄細胞を採取する段階;(3)これと並行して、健常ドナーの血液試料から機能性ミトコンドリアを単離する段階;(4)骨髄細胞を機能性ミトコンドリアと24時間インキュベートする段階;(5)骨髄細胞を洗浄する段階;および(6)ミトコンドリアを搭載した骨髄細胞を患者に注入する段階である。期間全体にわたって患者の摂食量、体重、乳酸アシドーシス、血球数および生化学的血液マーカーの変化を評価する。
Claims (12)
- ヒト骨髄細胞を機能性ミトコンドリアで富化するex vivoの方法であって、
(i)ミトコンドリア疾患に罹患している患者またはミトコンドリア疾患に罹患していない対象から採取または誘導された複数のヒト骨髄細胞を含む第一の組成物を準備する段階と、
(ii)ミトコンドリア疾患に罹患していない対象から採取された複数の単離ヒト機能性ミトコンドリアを含む第二の組成物を準備する段階と、
(iii)前記第一の組成物の前記ヒト骨髄細胞と、前記第二の組成物の前記ヒト機能性ミトコンドリアとを接触させて、第三の組成物を作製する段階と、
(iv)前記ヒト機能性ミトコンドリアが前記ヒト骨髄細胞に侵入できる条件下で前記第三の組成物をインキュベートすることにより、前記ヒト骨髄細胞を前記ヒト機能性ミトコンドリアで富化して、第四の組成物を作製する段階と
を含み、前記第四の組成物中の前記ヒト骨髄細胞のミトコンドリア含有量が、前記第一の組成物中の前記ヒト骨髄細胞のミトコンドリア含有量よりも高い、方法。 - クエン酸シンターゼの含有量または活性レベルを求めることによって、前記第一の組成物中の骨髄細胞のミトコンドリア含有量または前記第四の組成物中の骨髄細胞のミトコンドリア含有量を求める、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記骨髄細胞が骨髄前駆細胞抗原CD34(CD34+)を発現する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の組成物中の骨髄細胞が、ミトコンドリア疾患に罹患している患者の骨髄から採取されるか末梢血へ動員されるものであるか、またはミトコンドリア疾患に罹患していない対象の骨髄から採取されるか末梢血へ動員されるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- インキュベーション前またはインキュベーション時に前記骨髄細胞および前記第三の組成物中の前記機能性ミトコンドリアを濃縮することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- インキュベーション前、インキュベーション時またはインキュベーション後に前記第三の組成物を遠心分離することをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の組成物中の骨髄細胞が、ミトコンドリア疾患に罹患している患者から採取されるものであり、
(i)正常未満の酸素(O2)消費速度、
(ii)正常未満のクエン酸シンターゼの含有量または活性レベル、
(iii)正常未満のアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)産生速度、または
(iv)(i)、(ii)および(iii)の任意の組合せ
を示す、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第一の組成物中の骨髄細胞が、ミトコンドリア疾患に罹患していない対象から採取されるものであり、
(i)正常な酸素(O2)消費速度、
(ii)正常なクエン酸シンターゼの含有量または活性レベル、
(iii)正常なアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)産生速度、または
(iv)(i)、(ii)および(iii)の任意の組合せ
を示す、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第二の組成物中の前記単離ヒト機能性ミトコンドリアが、ミトコンドリア疾患に罹患していない対象から採取されるものであり、
(i)正常な酸素(O2)消費速度、
(ii)正常なクエン酸シンターゼの含有量または活性レベル、
(iii)正常なアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)産生速度、または
(iv)(i)、(ii)および(iii)の任意の組合せ
を示す、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第四の組成物中の骨髄細胞が、
(i)正常を上回る酸素(O2)消費速度、
(ii)正常を上回るクエン酸シンターゼの含有量または活性レベル、
(iii)正常を上回るアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)産生速度、または
(iv)(i)、(ii)および(iii)の任意の組合せ
を示す、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記第二の組成物中の総ミトコンドリアタンパク質量が、試料中の総細胞タンパク質量の20%~80%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第四の組成物が、シトクロームC還元酵素もシトクロームC還元酵素の活性も前記第一の組成物に比して富化されていない、請求項1に記載の方法。
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