JP6973911B2 - Transmission / reception shared plane antenna element and transmission / reception shared plane array antenna - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a transmission / reception shared plane antenna element and a transmission / reception shared plane array antenna capable of transmitting and receiving two polarized signals orthogonal to each other.

In microwave band satellite communication, it is necessary to switch between vertically polarized light and horizontally polarized light for each receiving channel, so it is possible to handle two polarized waves (vertically polarized light and horizontally polarized light) that are orthogonal to each other with one antenna. A common plane array antenna for transmission and reception is used. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 8, the conventional transmission / reception shared plane array antenna 10 has a large number of transmission / reception in a matrix along the X-axis and the Y-axis orthogonal to each other on the plane of the rectangular plate-shaped antenna main body 101. The common plane antenna elements 102 are arranged.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view showing a laminated structure of one transmission / reception shared plane antenna element 102 in the Z axis (direction of paper depth in FIG. 8) orthogonal to the X axis and the Y axis. In the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element 102, the ground plate 103, the dielectric 104, the lower layer feeding element 105, the dielectric 106, the lower slot plate 107, the dielectric 108, the upper layer feeding element 109, the dielectric 110, and the upper layer slot plate are arranged in this order from the lower layer. 111 are laminated.

In the lower layer feeding element 105, a rectangular lower layer feeding patch 105b made of a conductive foil is arranged substantially in the center of the lower layer feeding board 105a having an insulating property, and the lower layer feeding line 105c that feeds the lower layer feeding patch 105b is the Y axis. It is arranged in parallel with. Each lower layer feeding line 105c is connected to a common feeding trunk line (not shown) on the lower layer feeding board 105a. Further, in the upper layer feeding element 109, a rectangular upper layer feeding patch 109b made of a conductive foil is arranged substantially in the center of the lower layer feeding board 109a having an insulating property, and an upper layer feeding line 109c for feeding the upper layer feeding patch 109b is provided. It is arranged parallel to the X-axis. Each upper layer feeding line 109c is connected to a common feeding trunk line (not shown) on the upper layer feeding board 109a.

In this transmission / reception shared plane array antenna 10, the lower layer feeding element 105 has a lower layer feeding line 105c connected to the lower layer feeding patch 105b along the Y axis, so that the plane of polarization is parallel to the Y axis and perpendicular to the paper surface. Transmits or receives a polarization signal. Therefore, the excitation direction of the lower layer feeding element 105 is the Y-axis direction. Similarly, since the upper layer feeding element 109 is connected to the upper layer feeding line 109c along the X axis, the upper layer feeding element 109 transmits or receives radio waves whose plane of polarization is parallel to the X axis and perpendicular to the paper surface. do. Therefore, the excitation direction of the upper layer feeding element 109 is the X-axis direction.

The size of the feeding patch is determined according to the frequency band of the polarization signal to be transmitted and received, and the lower the frequency band, the larger the size of the feeding patch. Therefore, when the frequency bands of the transmitted polarization signal and the received polarization signal are far apart, for example, in the above-mentioned transmission / reception shared plane array antenna 10, there is a difference in size between the lower layer feeding patch 105b and the upper layer feeding patch 109b. The arrangement interval d1 of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element 102 is determined according to the large-sized power supply patch. Therefore, in a small-sized power supply patch, the arrangement interval d1 in the excitation direction becomes larger than necessary with respect to the wavelength (λ) of the polarization signal, and the following problems (1) and (2) occur. do.

The problem (1) is that the grating lobe deprives the grating of energy and the frontal gain decreases. Further, the problem (2) is that a grating lobe is generated when the arrangement interval of the feeding patches in the excitation direction is 1λ or more, and the deterioration of the side lobe level makes it impossible to satisfy the directivity standard as a planar array antenna. That is.

For example, in the transmission / reception shared plane array antenna 10, when the upper layer feeding element 109 is a transmitting antenna that transmits a polarization signal of 30 GHz and the lower layer feeding element 105 is a receiving antenna that receives a polarized signal of 20 GHz, the bias to be transmitted is Since the frequency bands of the wave signal and the received polarization signal are far apart, the arrangement interval of the upper layer feeding element 109 is affected by the arrangement interval of the lower layer feeding element 105 having a large size, and is the excitation direction thereof. It may exceed 1λ in the X-axis direction. In this case, a grating lobe is generated in the transmitted radio wave, and the front gain is lowered.

Conventionally, to solve the problem (1), a method of reducing the level of the grating lobe by providing a metal flare (horn) for each transmission / reception plane antenna element has been adopted (for example, Patent Document). 1). Further, a method of narrowing the beam width of the element and reducing the grating lobe by loading a cylindrical dielectric material on each transmission / reception plane antenna element is also conventionally known (for example, Non-Patent Document 2). reference). Further, for the problem (2), as shown in FIG. 10, each row of the plurality of transmission / reception shared plane antenna elements 102 arranged in a matrix is arranged in a staggered manner by shifting them in the horizontal direction, and adjacent 3 By making the distance d3 of the two transmission / reception shared plane antenna elements 102 the same distance, the grating lobe does not occur even when the observation surface accuracy φ changes (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

"Polarized Polarized Planar Antenna Using Aperture with Bridge", Proceedings of the 2001 IEICE General Conference, B-1-175 "Waveguide Parallel Feeding Method Dielectric Loaded Circularly Polarized Plane Antenna in 21GHz Band", 1998, Proceedings of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers Communication Society, B1-1-46

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-175680

However, in the technique of Non-Patent Document 1, when the feeding patch and the feeding line are provided on the same feeding board (also referred to as coplanar feeding), the gap between the feeding patches becomes narrow and it is difficult to route the feeding line. There was a problem of becoming. Further, in both the techniques of Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2, there is a problem that the transmission / reception shared planar array antenna becomes significantly thicker and the weight also increases.

Therefore, the present invention provides a transmission / reception shared plane antenna element and a transmission / reception shared plane array antenna that do not affect the routing of the feeding line, improve the frontal gain without increasing the thickness and weight, and reduce the grating lobe. The purpose is to provide.

In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a transmission / reception sharing in which a slot plate is laminated on two feeding elements for transmitting / receiving two polarization signals orthogonal to each other and each of the two feeding elements. a planar antenna element, on the slot plate in the upper layer of the slot plate, and laminating at least one parasitic element, characterized in that.

The invention according to claim 2 is the transmission / reception shared flat antenna element according to claim 1, wherein the height position of the non-feeding element is adjusted between the slot plate of the upper layer and the non-feeding element. It is characterized by laminating dielectrics.

The invention according to claim 3 is the transmission / reception shared flat antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the non-feeding element comprises a non-feeding patch of a conductive foil provided on an insulating substrate, and the above 2 It is characterized in that it extends along the excitation direction of at least one of the feeding elements.

The invention according to claim 4 is a two feeding elements that transmit and receive two polarization signals orthogonal to each other, a slot plate laminated on each of the two feeding elements, and an upper layer of the slot plates. The transmission / reception shared plane antenna element including at least one non-feeding element laminated on the slot plate is arranged in a matrix along the X-axis and the Y-axis orthogonal to each other, and the two polarization signals are described above. The wavelength of one of the polarization signals is λ, and the observation angle at which null occurs in the element directivity of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element with respect to the X-axis and the Z-axis orthogonal to the Y-axis. θ , the transmission / reception shared plane The transmission / reception shared plane is characterized in that the arrangement interval d is obtained based on d = λ / sin θ, where d is the arrangement interval of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element on the X-axis and the Y-axis. It is an array antenna.

The invention according to claim 5 is the transmission / reception shared plane array antenna according to claim 4, when the observation plane angle , which is the direction of the observation plane for transmitting and receiving the polarization signal, is φ with respect to the X axis. = it is 45 ° and 135 °, characterized in that.

According to the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element according to claim 1, the slot plate on the upper layer of the slot plates laminated on each of the two feeding elements that transmit and receive two polarized signals orthogonal to each other is placed on the slot plate. Since at least one non-feeding element is laminated, the beam is narrowed and the front gain of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element is improved, and the above-mentioned problem (1) can be solved. Further, since the non-feeding element used for the flat antenna element is generally a thin and lightweight element in which a patch made of a conductive foil or the like is provided on an insulating substrate such as a flexible substrate, Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 There is no increase in thickness and weight as in the technique described in.

According to the transmission / reception shared flat antenna element according to claim 2, since a dielectric material for adjusting the height position of the non-feeding element is laminated between the slot plate on the upper layer and the non-feeding element, the wavelength of the polarization signal is The non-feeding element can be arranged at the optimum height position according to the above. That is, adjusting the height position of the non-feeding element, such as the height position that affects the front gain of at least one of the two feeding elements, or the height position that affects the front gain of both. This makes it possible to simultaneously or selectively improve the frontal gains of the two feeding elements.

According to the transmission / reception shared flat antenna element according to claim 3, when the non-feeding element is composed of a non-feeding patch of a conductive foil provided on an insulating substrate, at least one of the two feeding elements is fed. Since the non-feeding patch is provided so as to extend along the excitation direction of the element, it is possible to selectively improve the front gain of the two feeding elements.

According to the transmission / reception shared plane array antenna according to claim 4, two feeding elements for transmitting / receiving two polarization signals orthogonal to each other, a slot plate laminated on each of the two feeding elements, and a slot plate. The transmission / reception shared plane antenna element including at least one non-feeding element laminated on the slot plate in the upper layer is arranged in a matrix along the X-axis and the Y-axis orthogonal to each other , and two deviations are made. The wavelength of one of the wave signals is λ, and the observation angle at which null occurs in the element directivity of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element with respect to the X-axis and the Z-axis orthogonal to the Y-axis is θ. When the arrangement interval d on the X-axis and Y-axis of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element is d, the arrangement interval d is obtained based on d = λ / sinθ, so that the occurrence of the grating lobe can be reduced. .. Therefore, it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problem (1). The null in the present invention refers to a portion where the gain is lower than that of the grating lobe in the vicinity of the grating lobe generated in the element directivity of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element. Therefore, by arranging the antenna element so that the grating lobe of the array antenna is generated at the observation angle where this null is generated, even if the grating lobe is generated, the generation level can be lowered. By setting the arrangement interval of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element by using such a method, the arrangement interval does not become extremely narrow, so that it does not become difficult to route the feeding line.

According to duplexer planar array antenna according to claim 5, when an observation surface angle is the direction of the observation plane for transmitting and receiving polarized signals was phi with respect to the X-axis, since it is phi = 45 ° and 135 °, It is possible to satisfy the directivity standard. Therefore, it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problem (2).

It is a schematic block diagram of (A) transmission / reception common plane array antenna which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and (B) explanatory drawing which shows the angle of observation direction. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the laminated structure of the transmission / reception common plane antenna element of FIG. It is a graph which shows the element directivity of the (A) φ = 135 ° plane, (B) φ = 45 ° plane, and (C) φ = 0 ° plane of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the procedure which obtains the element spacing based on the element directivity of FIG. It is a graph which shows the array directivity of (A) φ = 0 ° plane, (B) φ = 45 ° plane, (C) φ = 90 ° plane of the transmission / reception common plane array antenna of FIG. It is a graph which shows the array directivity of the φ = 0 ° plane of the transmission / reception common plane array antenna which does not have a non-feeding element. It is a table showing the characteristic difference of the transmission / reception shared plane array antenna depending on the presence / absence of a non-feeding element. It is a schematic block diagram of the conventional transmission / reception common plane array antenna. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the laminated structure of the transmission / reception common plane antenna element of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example which the conventional transmission / reception common plane antenna elements are arranged in a triangular array.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the illustrated embodiment.

1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a transmission / reception shared plane array antenna (hereinafter referred to as an array antenna) 1 according to this embodiment. The array antenna 1 is an array antenna that transmits and receives two polarized signals (horizontally polarized wave and vertically polarized wave) orthogonal to each other in microwave band satellite communication, and is formed on a plane of a rectangular plate-shaped antenna body 11. A large number of transmission / reception shared plane antenna elements (hereinafter referred to as antenna elements) 2 are arranged in a matrix along the X-axis and the Y-axis that are orthogonal to each other. Each antenna element 2 is arranged at an interval d on the X-axis and the Y-axis.

In this array antenna 1, when the direction of the observation surface for transmitting and receiving the polarization signal (observation surface angle) is φ with respect to the X axis, the transmission polarization surface for transmitting the polarization signal of 30 GHz is φ = 45 ° and the deviation is 20 GHz. The receiving polarization plane that receives the wave signal is φ = 135 °. Therefore, the substantial arrangement interval of the antenna element 2 on the transmission polarization plane is d / √2, which is shorter than the arrangement interval d in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

FIG. 1B shows the observation directions of the satellite in the X-axis and the Y-axis described above and the Z-axis orthogonal to them (the depth direction of the paper in FIG. 1A), and the observation directions are the X-axis and the X-axis. The angle formed by the projected line V projected on the plane formed by the Y axis and the X axis is the observation plane angle φ, and the angle formed by the observation direction and the Z axis is the observation angle θ.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a laminated structure on the Z axis for one antenna element 2. The antenna element 2 has a ground plate 21, a dielectric 22, a lower layer feeding element 23, a dielectric 24, a lower layer slot plate 25, a dielectric 26, an upper layer feeding element 27, a dielectric 28 and an upper slot plate 29, and a dielectric in order from the lower layer. The body 30, the lower layer non-feeding element 31, the dielectric 32, and the upper layer non-feeding element 33 are laminated.

The ground plate 21, the lower slot plate 25, and the upper slot plate 29 are shielding plates for shielding, and are each made of a thin plate having conductivity, for example, an aluminum plate. The dielectrics 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 are each composed of a foamed sheet such as foamed polyethylene or foamed polypropylene.

The lower layer feeding element 23 and the upper layer feeding element 27 are two feeding elements in the present invention. The lower layer feeding element 23 is an element for receiving a polarization signal, and is a thin lower layer feeding board 23a having an insulating property such as a flexible substrate, a rectangular lower layer feeding patch 23b provided substantially in the center thereof, and the lower layer thereof. It is provided with a lower layer power supply line 23c that supplies power to the power supply patch 23b. The lower layer feeding patch 23b and the lower layer feeding line 23c are formed of a conductive foil such as copper, aluminum, or gold. Further, the lower layer feeding line 23c is arranged along the receiving polarization plane of φ = 135 °, and is connected to a common feeding trunk line on the lower layer feeding board 23a, although not shown in detail.

The upper layer feeding element 27 is an element for transmitting a polarization signal, and is a thin upper layer feeding board 27a having an insulating property such as a flexible substrate, a rectangular upper layer feeding patch 27b provided substantially in the center thereof, and an upper layer thereof. It is provided with an upper layer power supply line 27c that supplies power to the power supply patch 27b. The upper layer feeding patch 27b and the upper layer feeding line 27c are formed of the same conductive foil as the lower layer feeding patch 23b and the like. Further, the upper layer feeding line 27c is arranged along the transmission polarization plane of φ = 45 °, and is connected to a common feeding trunk line on the upper layer feeding board 27a, although not shown in detail.

Since the lower layer feeding element 23 receives the polarization signal in the frequency band lower than that of the upper layer feeding element 27, the size of the lower layer feeding patch 23b is larger than that of the upper layer feeding patch 27b. Further, in the array antenna 1, the lower layer feeding element 23 receives a polarization signal that is parallel to the reception polarization plane and perpendicular to the paper surface. Therefore, the excitation direction of the lower layer feeding element 23 is also the direction of the received polarization plane. Similarly, the upper layer feeding element 27 transmits a polarization signal that is parallel to the transmission polarization plane and perpendicular to the paper surface. Therefore, the excitation direction of the upper layer feeding element 27 is also the direction of the transmission polarization plane.

The lower layer slot plate 25 and the upper layer slot plate 29 are provided with rectangular slot openings 25a and 29a at positions (opposing positions) corresponding to the lower layer feeding patch 23b and the upper layer feeding patch 27b. Further, the slot opening 25 of the lower slot plate 25 is provided with a bridge portion 25b that crosses the diagonal direction. Since the bridge portion 25b is provided parallel to the excitation direction of the upper layer feeding patch 27b, it has a strong influence on the excitation when the upper layer feeding patch 27b is fed, and improves the antenna characteristics such as directivity. Further, since it is orthogonal to the excitation direction of the lower layer feeding patch 23b and its width is sufficiently narrower than that of the lower layer feeding patch 23b, there is almost no influence thereof and other antenna characteristics are not deteriorated.

The lower layer non-feeding element 31 includes a thin lower layer insulating substrate 31a having an insulating property such as a flexible substrate, and a rectangular lower layer non-feeding patch 31b provided substantially in the center thereof. The lower layer non-feeding element 31 is installed at a height position that affects the directivity of the upper layer feeding element 27 for transmission by the dielectric 30 laminated on the lower layer thereof, and the beam width of the upper layer feeding element 27 is adjusted. Narrow it to improve frontal gain.

The upper layer non-feeding element 33 includes a thin upper layer insulating substrate 33a having an insulating property such as a flexible substrate, and a substantially diamond-shaped upper layer non-feeding patch 33b provided at a substantially central portion thereof. The upper layer non-feeding element 33 is installed at a height position that affects the lower layer feeding element 23 for reception by the dielectric 32 laminated on the lower layer thereof, and is installed along the excitation direction of the lower layer feeding element 23. The extended shape affects the directivity of the lower layer feeding element 23, narrows the beam width of the lower layer feeding element 23, and improves the frontal gain.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the element directivity when transmitting a polarization signal of 30 GHz from the above-mentioned antenna element 2, and FIG. 3A is a directivity of a φ = 135 ° plane, FIG. 3B is a diagram. Shows the directivity of the φ = 45 ° plane, and FIG. 3C shows the directivity of the φ = 0 ° plane. The horizontal axis of these graphs indicates the signal level (dB), and the circumferential direction indicates the above-mentioned observation angle θ. In these graphs, comparing the state without the lower layer passive patch 31b (broken line) and the state with the lower layer passive patch 31b (solid line), the beam in the front direction is improved by the improvement of the directivity by the lower layer passive patch 31b. It can be seen that the width is narrowed and the side grating lobe is lowered. As a result, the front gain is improved by the amount that the grating lobe on the side is reduced.

Further, by providing the lower layer non-feeding element 31, null N is generated in the vicinity of the grating lobe on the side. Specifically, in the graphs of FIGS. 3A to 3C, null N is generated near θ = 60 °. In the present embodiment, the arrangement interval d of the antenna element 2 is set based on the observation angle θ in which the null N is generated. The null in the present embodiment means a portion in the vicinity of the grating lobe where the gain is lower than that of the grating lobe.

In the present embodiment, the grating lobe is generated by arranging the antenna element 2 so that the grating lobe of the array antenna 1 is generated at the observation angle θ where null N is generated in the element directivity of the antenna element 2. Even if this is the case, the arrangement interval d of the antenna element 2 is set based on the idea that the generation level can be lowered. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 when the observation direction of the satellite shown in FIG. 1 (B) is viewed from a direction horizontal to the XY axis plane, the observation angle θ and the wavelength λ in the observation direction Based on the above, the arrangement interval d is set using the equation d = λ / sinθ. For example, when a polarization signal of 30 GHz is transmitted from the antenna element 2 having the element directivity shown in FIG. 3, “1 (λ) / sin60” makes the arrangement interval d about 12 mm.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the array directivity of the array antenna 1 in which the antenna elements 2 are arranged at the above-mentioned arrangement interval d, and FIG. 5 (A) shows the directivity of the φ = 0 ° plane, and FIG. B) shows the directivity of the φ = 45 ° plane, and FIG. 3C shows the directivity of the φ = 90 ° plane. The horizontal axis of these graphs shows the observation angle θ, and the vertical axis shows the signal gain (dBi).

When the arrangement interval d of the antenna element 2 is 12 mm, d = 0.8λ for the received polarization signal of 20 GHz, d = 1.2λ for the transmission polarization signal of 30 GHz, and the arrangement interval on the transmission side is 1λ. Will exceed. However, since the observation surface direction (excitation direction) on the transmitting side is set to φ = 45 °, the substantial arrangement interval d on the transmitting side is d / √2, which is about 0.85λ. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the observation planes φ = 0 ° and φ = 90 ° do not satisfy the directivity standard, but the observation plane with φ = 45 ° along the satellite orbital plane obtains a good directivity standard. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem (2) described in the column of the prior art.

Further, FIG. 6 shows φ = 0 ° of the array antenna in which the antenna elements not provided with the lower layer passive element 31 and the upper layer passive element 33 are arranged at the same arrangement interval d as in the graph of FIG. 5 (A). It is a graph which shows the directivity of a surface. As is clear from the comparison between the graph of FIG. 5A and the graph of FIG. 6, the antenna element provided with the non-feeding element shown in FIG. 5A is compared with the antenna element not provided with the non-feeding element of FIG. It can be seen that the level of the grating lobe (circled in the figure) in the transmitted polarization signal (solid line) is reduced by about 10 to 15 dB, and as an effect, the front gain in the center is improved. Further, FIG. 7 is a table comparing the frontal gain and the aperture efficiency of the array antenna provided with the non-feeding element and the array antenna not provided with the non-feeding element. As is clear from this table, transmission / reception is performed. By providing a non-feeding element in the shared planar array antenna, it is possible to improve both the front gain and the aperture efficiency.

As described above, according to the antenna element 2 of the present embodiment, at least one of the two feeding elements 23 and 27 that transmit and receive two polarization signals orthogonal to each other is placed on the upper layer feeding element 27. Since the lower layer non-feeding element 31 is laminated, the beam of the transmitted polarization signal is narrowed down, the front gain of the antenna element 2 is improved, and the problem (1) described in the column of the prior art can be solved. Further, the non-feeding element 31 used for the flat antenna element is generally a thin and lightweight one in which a patch 31b made of a conductive foil or the like is provided on a lower insulating substrate 31a such as a flexible substrate, and therefore is not patent document 1 and non-patent document 1. Unlike the technique described in Patent Document 2, the thickness and weight do not increase.

Further, according to the antenna element 2, a dielectric 30 for adjusting the height position of the lower layer passive element 31 is laminated between the upper layer feeding element 27 and the lower layer passive element 31, so that the wavelength of the polarization signal can be adjusted. The lower layer non-feeding element 31 can be arranged at the optimum height position accordingly. That is, at a height position that affects the front gain of at least one of the two feeding elements 23 and 27, or at a height position that affects both front gains, the lower layer non-feeding element 31 or the upper layer no By adjusting the height position of the feeding element 33, it is possible to simultaneously or selectively improve the front gains of the two feeding elements 23 and 27.

Further, when the upper layer non-feeding element 33 is composed of the non-feeding patch 33b of the conductive foil provided on the upper insulating substrate 33a, the non-feeding patch 33b is provided so as to extend along the excitation direction of the lower layer feeding element 23. Therefore, it is possible to selectively improve the front gains of the two feeding elements.

Further, according to the array antenna 1 of the present embodiment, the two feeding elements 23 and 27 that transmit and receive two polarization signals orthogonal to each other and the feeding element 27 on the upper layer of the two feeding elements 23 and 27. The antenna element 2 including at least one non-feeding element 31 laminated on the antenna element 2 is arranged in a matrix, and the antenna element 2 is based on the observation angle θ at which null N is generated in the element directivity of the antenna element 2. Since the arrangement interval d of is set, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of the grating lobe. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem (1) described in the column of the prior art. Further, the null in the present embodiment refers to a portion in the vicinity of the grating lobe generated in the element directivity of the antenna element 2 where the gain is lower than that of the grating lobe. Therefore, by arranging the antenna element 2 so that the grating lobe of the array antenna 1 is generated at the observation angle θ where this null N is generated, even if the grating lobe is generated, the generation level can be lowered. It will be possible. By setting the arrangement interval of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element by using such a method, the arrangement interval does not become extremely narrow, so that it does not become difficult to route the feeding line.

Further, when the wavelength of one of the two polarization signals is λ, the observation angle is θ, and the arrangement interval is d, the grating lobe is set to the observation angle θ based on the equation d = λ / sin θ. Since the arrangement interval d is obtained so that the grating lobe is generated, it is possible to lower the level even if the grating lobe is generated.

Further, in the directivity of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element, by using the observation surface angles φ = 45 ° and 135 °, the element spacing d of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element is set to d / √2, and no grating lobe is generated. Since the observation angle is used, it is possible to satisfy the directivity standard. Therefore, it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problem (2).

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the specific configuration is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and even if there is a design change or the like within a range that does not deviate from the gist of the present invention. Included in the invention. For example, in the above embodiment, two non-feeding elements are provided for transmission and reception, but one non-feeding element is installed at a height position that affects both the transmission and reception feeding elements. Thereby, it is possible to obtain the same effect with one non-feeding element. Further, even when the non-feeding element is at a height position that affects both the transmission and reception feeding elements, the patch shape of the non-feeding element is targeted by extending it along the excitation direction of the target feeding element. It is also possible to affect the feeding element. Further, an example in which the observation surface of the array antenna 1 is set to φ = 45 ° and φ = 135 ° has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the arrangement method of the antenna element 2 and the antenna element 2 of the present invention is used. For example, it is possible to improve the directivity, improve the frontal gain, and reduce the grating lobe.

1 Transmission / reception shared plane array antenna 11 Antenna body 2 Transmission / reception shared plane antenna element 21 Ground plate 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 Dielectric 23 Lower layer power supply element 23a Lower layer power supply board 23b Lower layer power supply patch 25 Lower layer slot plate 25a Slot opening Part 25b Bridge part 27 Upper layer feeding element 27a Upper layer feeding board 27b Upper layer feeding patch 29 Upper layer slot plate 29a Slot opening 31 Lower layer no feeding element 31a Lower layer insulating board 31b Lower layer no feeding patch 33 Upper layer no feeding element 33a Upper layer insulating board 33b No upper layer Power patch

Claims (5)

It is a transmission / reception shared plane antenna element in which a slot plate is laminated on each of two feeding elements that transmit and receive two polarization signals orthogonal to each other and the two feeding elements.
On the slot plate in the upper layer of the slot plate, and laminating at least one parasitic element,
A plane antenna element for both transmission and reception. A dielectric for adjusting the height position of the non-feeding element is laminated between the upper slot plate and the non-feeding element.
The transmission / reception shared plane antenna element according to claim 1. The non-feeding element is composed of a non-feeding patch of a conductive foil provided on an insulating substrate, and extends along the excitation direction of at least one of the two feeding elements.
The transmission / reception shared plane antenna element according to claim 1 or 2. Two feeding elements that transmit and receive two polarization signals that are orthogonal to each other, a slot plate that is laminated on each of the two feeding elements, and at least a slot plate that is laminated on the upper layer of the slot plates. The transmission / reception shared plane antenna element including one non-feeding element is arranged in a matrix along the X-axis and the Y-axis orthogonal to each other.
The wavelength of one of the two polarization signals is λ, which is an observation angle at which null occurs in the element directivity of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element and is orthogonal to the X-axis and the Y-axis. When the observation angle with respect to the Z axis is θ and the arrangement interval of the transmission / reception shared plane antenna element on the X axis and the Y axis is d, the arrangement interval d is obtained based on d = λ / sin θ .
A shared flat array antenna for transmission and reception. When an observation surface angle is the direction of the observation surface to transmit and receive the polarization signal was phi with respect to the X-axis, a phi = 45 ° and 135 °,
The transmission / reception shared plane array antenna according to claim 4.

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