JP6973066B2 - Chemical heat storage reactor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a chemical heat storage reactor that stores heat by a chemical reaction.

In the chemical heat storage reactor described in Patent Document 1, a laminated body of the chemical heat storage reactor is formed by laminating a heat storage material layer containing the heat storage material, a filter, a reaction medium diffusion layer, and a heat exchange unit inside the frame portion. Is formed, and a laminated unit in which a plurality of the laminated bodies are laminated and integrated is housed in a container.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-126293

However, the chemical heat storage reactor described in Patent Document 1 is large because the laminated unit serving as a heat generating source is housed in the container.
Further, when water is added to the heat storage material when the heat storage material is heated, the heat storage material expands. The stacking unit is a pair of end plates and a pair of end plates arranged on both sides in the stacking direction so that the reaction medium diffusion layer laminated on the heat storage material and the heat exchange portion are not deformed by the expansion pressure of the heat storage material. It is restrained by the bolts and nuts that connect it.
The end plate needs to be formed of a thick metal plate so as not to be bent and deformed by the expansion pressure of the heat storage material, and is heavy.

As described above, the chemical heat storage reactor described in Patent Document 1 is used as a heat source for off-site because the laminated unit is restrained by using the end plate member which is large in size and thick and heavy as a whole. In some cases, a chemical heat storage reactor that is heavy to move, has a high heat storage density, and is lightweight has been desired.

An object of the present invention is to obtain a chemical heat storage reactor having a high heat storage density and a light weight.

The chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1 covers the heat storage material that generates heat when combined with the reaction medium and the reaction medium is desorbed to store heat, and the outer surface of the heat storage material to restrict the passage of the heat storage material. The reaction medium has a heat storage material restraint cover on which micropores to pass through are formed, and a container for accommodating the heat storage material covered with the heat storage material restraint cover, and is covered with the heat storage material restraint cover. A plurality of the heat storage materials are provided, and a space is formed between one of the heat storage material restraint covers and the other heat storage material restraint cover, and the space is used as a reaction medium flow path through which the reaction medium passes. A part of the heat storage material restraint cover is in contact with the inner surface of the container, and another part is in contact with the heat storage material restraint cover covering the other adjacent heat storage material .

In the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1, when the reaction medium is flowed inside the container, the reaction medium passes through the micropores of the heat storage material restraint cover and is combined with the heat storage material, and the heat storage material dissipates heat. As a result, the temperature of the container rises, and the chemical heat storage reactor can be used as a heat source.

When the heat storage material binds to the reaction medium, it generates heat and tries to expand. However, since the heat storage material is restrained by the heat storage material restraint cover that covers the outer surface, expansion is suppressed. That is, since the container is not affected by the expansion force of the heat storage material, the thickness of the members constituting the container can be reduced.

The chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1 does not have members such as a reaction medium diffusion layer, a heat exchange unit, and an end plate, which are required for a conventional chemical heat storage reactor, and is the minimum required as a heat generation source. Since it can be composed of members and the thickness of the members constituting the container can be reduced, a chemical heat storage reactor having a high heat storage density and a light weight can be obtained. The heat storage density is the amount of heat stored in the heat storage material in the internal volume of the chemical heat storage reactor.

When heat is stored in the heat storage material, the heat can be stored by heating the heat storage material to desorb the reaction medium.
In the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1, a plurality of heat storage materials covered with a heat storage material restraint cover are provided inside the container, but a space is formed between the heat storage material restraint covers, and this space reacts. Since it is a reaction medium flow path through which the medium passes, the reaction medium can be supplied to each heat storage material via the reaction medium flow path. In the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1, since the space between the heat storage material restraint covers serves as the reaction medium flow path, no separate member for forming the reaction medium flow path is required, and the chemical heat storage reactor can be used. It is possible to reduce the weight and size.
Further, in the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1, since a part of the heat storage material restraint cover is in contact with the inner surface of the container, it is compared with the case where a part of the heat storage material restraint cover is not in contact with the inner surface of the container. Therefore, the heat of the heat storage material can be efficiently transferred to the container, and the container can be heated efficiently. Further, since the other part of the heat storage material restraint cover is in contact with the heat storage material restraint cover that covers the other adjacent heat storage materials, the heat of the heat storage material arranged at a position away from the inner surface side of the container is transferred. , The heat storage material restraint cover, and the heat storage material can be transmitted to the container.

The invention according to claim 2 is the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage material formed in a rod shape and the heat storage material restraint cover formed in a tubular shape covering the outer peripheral surface of the heat storage material. And have.

In the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 2, the outer peripheral surface of the heat storage material formed in a rod shape is covered with the heat storage material restraint cover. Therefore, the heat storage material restraining cover restrains the heat storage material that tends to expand outward in the radial direction, and the radial expansion of the heat storage material can be suppressed.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the chemical heat storage reactor according to the second aspect, the heat storage material is formed in a columnar shape, and the heat storage material restraint cover is formed in a cylindrical shape.

In the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 3, since the heat storage material is formed in a cylindrical shape and the heat storage material restraining cover is formed in a cylindrical shape, the expansion force of the heat storage material formed in the columnar shape increases. Also, the heat storage material can maintain the initial cylindrical shape (circular cross section), and the heat storage material restraint cover can maintain the initial cylindrical shape (circular cross section).

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the chemical heat storage reactor according to the second or third aspect, the openings at both ends of the heat storage material restraint cover are closed in contact with the wall surface of the container. There is.

The invention according to claim 5 is the chemical heat storage reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the container is provided with a communication portion capable of communicating inside and outside.

In the chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 5, the reaction medium can be taken in and out through the communication unit.

According to the present invention, it has an excellent effect that a chemical heat storage reactor having a high heat storage density and a light weight can be obtained.

It is a perspective view which shows the chemical heat storage reactor which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of the chemical heat storage reactor shown in FIG. (A) is a perspective view showing a heat storage body, and (B) is a side view showing an end face of the heat storage body. It is a cross-sectional view of line 4-4 of the chemical heat storage reactor shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of the chemical heat storage reactor shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the chemical heat storage reactor at the time of performing heat storage in a heat storage material. It is sectional drawing which shows the chemical heat storage reactor which concerns on other embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the chemical heat storage reactor which concerns on still another Embodiment.

The chemical heat storage reactor 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. The arrow H shown in the figure indicates the device vertical direction (vertical direction, stacking direction), the arrow W indicates the device width direction (horizontal direction), and the arrow D indicates the device depth direction (horizontal direction).

(Chemical heat storage reactor)
The chemical heat storage reactor 10 includes a reaction vessel 12 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, and a plurality of heat storage bodies 50 shown in FIG. 3 are housed inside the reaction vessel 12.

(Reaction vessel)
As shown in FIG. 1, the reaction vessel 12 is formed in a box shape and includes a rectangular bottom plate 14, side walls 16, 18, 20, 22 rising from each side of the bottom plate 14, and a rectangular top plate 24. There is.

Inside the reaction vessel 12, the partition walls 26, 28, and 30 connected in a U shape in a plan view allow the heat storage body storage chamber 32, which is rectangular in a plan view, to house the heat storage body 50, and steam as a reaction medium. The U-shaped steam flow path 34 is partitioned in a flowing plan view.

The bottom plate 14, the side walls 16, 18, 20, 22, the top plate 24, and the partition walls 26, 28, 30 are made of a metal plate such as stainless steel, and are joined to each other by welding or brazing.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 5, the partition walls 26 and 30 are formed with a plurality of holes 36 for allowing steam to flow in and out between the heat storage body accommodating chamber 32 and the steam flow path 34.

A pipe 38 for allowing steam to flow in and out of the reaction vessel 12 is connected to the side wall 16 located in front of the reaction vessel 12, and an on-off valve 40 is attached to the end of the pipe 38. The pipe 38 may be removed and the on-off valve 40 may be directly attached to the side wall 16.

The chemical heat storage reactor 10 of the present embodiment is connected to the evaporation condenser 42 described below to supply steam.

(Evaporation condenser)
As shown in FIG. 1, the end of the communication passage 43 connected to the evaporation condenser 42 is detachably connected to the on-off valve 40. The evaporation condenser 42 evaporates the stored water and supplies it to the chemical heat storage reactor 10 (generates steam W), a condensing unit that condenses the steam W received from the chemical heat storage reactor 10, and the steam W. Has each function as a storage unit for storing condensed water.

Further, the evaporation condenser 42 includes a container 44 in which water is stored, and one of the heat medium flow paths 46 used for condensing the water vapor W or evaporating the water in the container 44. The part is arranged. Further, the heat medium flow path 46 is arranged so as to perform heat exchange in the portion of the container 44 including at least the gas phase portion 44A. A low temperature medium flows through the heat medium flow path 46 during condensation and a medium temperature medium flows through the heat medium flow path 46 during evaporation.

The communication passage 43 for communicating the evaporation condenser 42 and the chemical heat storage reactor 10 is provided with an on-off valve 48 for switching between communication and non-communication between the evaporation condenser 42 and the chemical heat storage reactor 10. ..

(Structure of heat storage molded body)
As shown in FIG. 3, the heat storage body 50 of the present embodiment includes a heat storage molded body 54 formed in a columnar shape and a cylindrical heat storage material restraining cover 52 that covers the outer periphery of the heat storage molded body 54. ing.
As an example, the heat storage molded body 54 uses a molded body of calcium oxide (CaO: an example of a heat storage material), which is one of the oxides of alkaline earth metals. This molded body is formed into a substantially rectangular block shape, for example, by kneading calcium oxide powder with a binder (for example, clay mineral or the like) and firing it.

Here, the heat storage molded body 54 expands and dissipates heat (heat generation) with hydration, and stores heat (heat absorption) with dehydration, and can reversibly repeat heat dissipation and heat storage by the reaction shown below. It is said to be composed.

CaO + H ₂ O ⇔ Ca (OH) ₂
When the heat storage amount and the calorific value Q are shown together in this formula,
CaO + H2O → Ca (OH) ₂ + Q
Ca (OH) 2 + Q → CaO + H ₂ O
Will be.

As an example, the heat storage capacity per 1 kg of the heat storage molded body 54 is 1.86 [MJ / kg].

Further, in the present embodiment, the particle size of the heat storage material constituting the heat storage molded body 54 is the average particle size of the heat storage material when it is powder, and the average particle size of the powder before granulation when the heat storage material is granular. do. This is because it is presumed that if the grains collapse, they will return to the state of the previous process.

The heat storage material restraint cover 52 that covers the outer periphery of the heat storage molded body 54 is, for example, an etching filter made of a metal material in which a large number of minute through holes (not shown) of φ200 [μm] are formed on the entire surface. The etching filter has a filtration accuracy smaller than the average particle size of the heat storage material constituting the heat storage molded body 54. As a result, the etching filter allows water vapor to pass through a flow path smaller than the average particle size of the heat storage material constituting the heat storage molded body 54, while restricting the passage of the heat storage material larger than the average particle size. It has become.

The filtration accuracy is the particle size at which the filtration efficiency is 50 to 98%, and the filtration efficiency is the removal efficiency for particles having a certain particle size. The heat storage material restraint cover 52 may be formed of a mesh.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, in the present embodiment, the longitudinal direction is parallel to the depth direction of the chemical heat storage reactor 10, and the inside of the heat storage body storage chamber 32 is in the width direction of the chemical heat storage reactor 10. Five of them are housed side by side in two stages.

Since the heat storage body 50 has a cylindrical shape, by arranging the heat storage body 50 inside the heat storage body storage chamber 32 as described above, a space 56 serving as a steam flow path is formed between the heat storage bodies 50. These spaces 56 communicate with the holes 36 of the partition walls 26 and 30.

As shown in FIG. 4, the upper portion of the outer peripheral surface (outer peripheral surface of the heat storage material restraint cover 52) of the heat storage body 50 arranged in the upper stage is in contact with the top plate 24 of the reaction vessel 12. Further, the lower portion of the outer peripheral surface (outer peripheral surface of the heat storage material restraint cover 52) of the heat storage body 50 arranged in the lower stage is in contact with the bottom plate 14 of the reaction vessel 12.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the side portions of the outer peripheral surfaces of the heat storage bodies 50 adjacent to each other in the width direction are in contact with each other, and the side portions of the heat storage body 50 arranged on the outermost side in the width direction are the partition walls 26. It is in contact with 30, and the longitudinal end of each heat storage body 50 is in contact with the partition wall 28 and the side wall 20. As a result, the plurality of heat storage bodies 50 are restrained so as not to move inside the heat storage body storage chamber 32.

(Action and effect of chemical heat storage reactor)
Next, the action and effect of the chemical heat storage reactor 10 will be described.
When the heat stored in the chemical heat storage reactor 10 is generated (heat-dissipated) from the heat storage molded body 54, as an example, as shown in FIG. 1, the on-off valve 40 and the on-off valve 48 are opened, and in this state, the on-off valve 40 and the on-off valve 48 are opened. A medium temperature medium is passed through the heat medium flow path 46 of the evaporation condenser 42 to evaporate the water in the liquid phase portion 44B. Then, the generated steam W moves in the communication passage 43 in the direction of the arrow D and is supplied into the reaction vessel 12.

In the chemical heat storage reactor 10, the supplied steam W passes through the steam flow path 34 and the holes 36 of the partition walls 26 and 30 and flows into the inside of the heat storage body accommodating chamber 32, and the steam W passing through the space 56 stores heat. By passing through the micropores of the material restraint cover 52 and coming into contact with the heat storage molded body 54, the heat storage molded body 54 generates heat (heat is dissipated) while causing a hydration reaction. This heat is transferred to the top plate 24 and the bottom plate 14 of the reaction vessel 12, and finally the top plate 24 and the bottom plate 14 are heated to raise the temperature, and the chemical heat storage reactor 10 can be used as a heat source. ..

By the way, when the heat storage material is combined with the reaction medium, it generates heat and tends to expand. However, since the heat storage molded body 54 made of the heat storage material is restrained by the heat storage material restraint cover 52 that covers the outer surface, the radial expansion of the heat storage molded body 54 is suppressed by the tension load of the heat storage material restraint cover 52. .. As a result, the reaction vessel 12 is less likely to receive the expansion force of the heat storage material, and the thickness of the member constituting the reaction vessel 12 can be reduced. As described above, the chemical heat storage reactor 10 of the present embodiment does not have members such as a reaction medium diffusion layer, a heat exchange unit, and an end plate, which are required for the conventional chemical heat storage reactor, and is required as a heat generation source. Since it can be configured with the minimum number of members and the thickness of the members constituting the reactor 12 can be reduced, the heat storage density is high, the weight is reduced, and the transfer is easy.

In the heat storage molded body 54 of the present embodiment, only the outer surface is covered with the heat storage material restraint cover 52, and the longitudinal end portion of the heat storage molded body 54 is not covered. By restraining the surface, the expansion in the longitudinal direction of the heat storage molded body 54 can be suppressed by suppressing the expansion in the radial direction of the heat storage molded body 54. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the longitudinal end portion of the heat storage molded body 54 is not covered with the heat storage material restraint cover 52.

In addition, both ends of the heat storage material restraint cover 52 may be closed with an etching filter to cover both ends of the heat storage molded body 54. That is, the entire heat storage molded body 54 may be covered with an etching filter.

In the present embodiment, in order to generate heat of the heat storage material, the chemical heat storage reactor 10 is connected to the evaporation condenser 42, and the water vapor generated by the evaporation condenser 42 is supplied to the inside of the chemical heat storage reactor 10. The chemical heat storage reactor 10 of the embodiment is not limited to this, and a water tank is connected to the on-off valve 40, water in the water tank is injected into the inside of the chemical heat storage reactor 10, and the heat storage material and water are reacted. May be good. In this way, the chemical heat storage reactor 10 can be easily heated without the evaporation condenser 42.

When heat is stored in the heat storage molded body 54 in the chemical heat storage reactor 10, the on-off valve 40 and the on-off valve 48 are opened as shown in FIG. 6, and in this state, the reaction vessel 12 is heated by a heater or the like. Heat using the heat source of. As a result, the internal heat storage molded body 54 undergoes a dehydration reaction, and this heat is stored in the heat storage molded body 54. The steam W separated from the heat storage molded body 54 is discharged to the outside of the reaction vessel 12, flows through the communication passage 43 in the direction of arrow E, and flows into the evaporation condenser 42. Then, in the gas phase portion 44A of the evaporation condenser 42, the steam W is cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the heat medium flow path 46, and the condensed water is stored in the liquid phase portion 44B of the container 44.

[Other embodiments]
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments, and various other embodiments can be taken within the scope of the present invention. That is clear to those skilled in the art.

In the above embodiment, a plurality of heat storage bodies 50 are stacked in a matrix in the vertical and horizontal directions as shown in FIG. 4, but may be stacked in a staggered manner with the phases shifted in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. ..

In the above embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the heat storage material restraint cover 52 is circular, but the cross-sectional shape of the heat storage material restraint cover 52 may be a non-circular shape such as an ellipse, a rectangle, or a polygon. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional shape of the heat storage material restraint cover 52 may be a substantially rectangular shape having four linear sides and rounded corners. As a result, a flat surface portion is formed on the heat storage material restraint cover 52, and the contact area with the adjacent heat storage material restraint cover 52, the top plate 24, and the bottom plate 14 increases, and the top plate 24 and the bottom plate 14 have a contact area. Heat can be transferred efficiently.

10 Chemical heat storage reactor 12 Container (reaction vessel)
38 Piping (communication part)
52 Heat storage material restraint cover 54 Heat storage material 56 Space (reaction medium flow path)

Claims (5)

A heat storage material that generates heat when combined with the reaction medium and desorbs the reaction medium to store heat.
A heat storage material restraining cover that covers the outer surface of the heat storage material, restricts the passage of the heat storage material, and has micropores formed through the reaction medium.
A container for accommodating the heat storage material covered with the heat storage material restraint cover,
Have,
A plurality of the heat storage materials covered with the heat storage material restraint cover are provided.
A space is formed between the heat storage material restraint cover on one side and the heat storage material restraint cover on the other side, and the space is used as a reaction medium flow path through which the reaction medium passes.
A part of the heat storage material restraint cover is in contact with the inner surface of the container, and another part is in contact with the heat storage material restraint cover covering the other adjacent heat storage material.
Chemical heat storage reactor. The heat storage material formed in the shape of a rod and
The heat storage material restraint cover formed in a cylindrical shape covering the outer peripheral surface of the heat storage material, and the heat storage material restraint cover.
The chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 1. The heat storage material is formed in a columnar shape and is formed in a columnar shape.
The heat storage material restraint cover is formed in a cylindrical shape.
The chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 2. The openings at both ends of the heat storage material restraint cover are closed in contact with the wall surface of the container.
The chemical heat storage reactor according to claim 2 or 3. The container is provided with a communication portion that allows communication between the inside and the outside.
The chemical heat storage reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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