JP6959053B2 - 正極活物質、蓄電装置、電子機器 - Google Patents
正極活物質、蓄電装置、電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6959053B2 JP6959053B2 JP2017133257A JP2017133257A JP6959053B2 JP 6959053 B2 JP6959053 B2 JP 6959053B2 JP 2017133257 A JP2017133257 A JP 2017133257A JP 2017133257 A JP2017133257 A JP 2017133257A JP 6959053 B2 JP6959053 B2 JP 6959053B2
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- particles
- power storage
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/10—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with wound or folded electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の正極活物質について説明する。
粒子状の正極活物質において、粒径をより小さくすることにより、キャリアの移動距離が短くなるため、蓄電装置の出力をより高めることができる。またオリビン型構造を有する正極材料においては一次元方向にキャリアが拡散するため、キャリアの移動方向であるb軸方向の厚さをより薄くすることにより、蓄電装置の出力をより高めることができる。
本発明の一態様の正極活物質が有する粒子は例えば、集合体を形成する際に、二以上の粒子において、粒子間の長径がそれぞれ概略平行になるように配置される。ここで図1(B)において例えば、集合体202aが有する粒子203a、粒子203bおよび粒子203cは、粒子間において、それぞれの長径が互いに概略平行であることが示唆される。また、集合体202bが有する粒子204aおよび粒子204bは、粒子間において、それぞれの長径が互いに概略平行であることが示唆される。また、集合体202cが有する粒子205a、粒子205bおよび粒子205cは、長径方向が概略平行であることが示唆される。
本発明の一態様の正極活物質は、液相法、より好ましくは水熱法を用いて作製されることが好ましい。液相法を用いることにより、粒径の小さい粒子を得ることができる。また、液相法を用いることにより、アスペクト比の高い粒子が得られる場合がある。また、水熱法を用いることにより生産性を高めることができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の蓄電池について説明する。
活物質に負極活物質を用いる場合は、例えば合金系材料や炭素系材料等を用いることができる。
また、初回の充放電において被膜が形成される場合に不可逆な反応が生じる。例えば正極と負極のいずれかにおける不可逆な反応がより大きい場合には充放電のバランスが崩れ、蓄電池の容量の低下を招く場合がある。対極を用いて充放電を行った後、電極の組み換えを行うことにより容量の低下を抑制できる場合がある。例えば、負極に対して正極を組み合わせて充電、あるいは充放電を行った後、充電、あるいは充放電に用いた正極を取り外し、新たな正極と組み合わせて蓄電池を作製することにより、蓄電池の容量の低下を抑制できる場合がある。該手法をプレドープ、またはプリエージングと呼ぶ場合がある。
負極および正極の作製方法の一例として、スラリーを作製し、該スラリーを塗工することにより電極を作製することができる。電極作製に用いるスラリーの作製方法の一例を述べる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の蓄電装置について説明する。
図4に、蓄電装置の一例として、薄型の蓄電池について示す。図4は、薄型の蓄電池の一例を示す。薄型の蓄電池は、可撓性を有する構成とすれば、可撓性を有する部位を少なくとも一部有する電子機器に実装すれば、電子機器の変形に合わせて蓄電池も曲げることもできる。
次に蓄電装置の一例として、コイン型の蓄電池の一例について、図11を参照して説明する。図11(A)はコイン型(単層偏平型)の蓄電池の外観図であり、図11(B)は、その断面図である。
次に蓄電装置の一例として、円筒型の蓄電池を示す。円筒型の蓄電池について、図12を参照して説明する。円筒型の蓄電池600は、図12(A)に示すように、上面に正極キャップ(電池蓋)601を有し、側面および底面に電池缶(外装缶)602を有している。これら正極キャップと電池缶(外装缶)602とは、ガスケット(絶縁パッキン)610によって絶縁されている。
図16および図17に、薄型の蓄電池の構成例を示す。図16(A)に示す捲回体993は、負極994と、正極995と、セパレータ996と、を有する。
また、蓄電システムの構造例について、図18乃至図20を用いて説明する。ここで蓄電システムとは、例えば、蓄電装置を搭載した機器を指す。
本実施の形態では、可撓性を有する蓄電池を電子機器に実装する例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、蓄電装置を搭載することのできる電子機器の一例を示す。
本実施の形態では、車両に蓄電装置を搭載する例を示す。
SEMを用いて各試料の観察を行った。試料A1、試料C1および試料C2の観察結果をそれぞれ図25、図26および図27に示す。図25(A)、図26(A)および図27(A)は50、000倍、図25(C)、図26(C)および図27(C)は1、000倍における観察結果である。また図25(B)は図25(A)の点線で囲む領域の、図26(B)は図26(A)の点線で囲む領域の、図27(B)は図27(A)の点線で囲む領域の、拡大図をそれぞれ示す。図25(B)より、試料A1が有する2つの粒子を測定したところ、短径は58nmおよび33nmであった。また図26(B)より試料C1が有する2つの粒子を測定したところ、短径は478nmおよび665nmであった。また図27(B)より試料C2が有する2つの粒子を測定したところ、短径は291nmおよび57nmであった。
次に各試料について、レーザ回折粒度分布測定装置(SALD−2200形、島津製作所製)を用いて測定した。粒径の算出方式にはレーザ回折・散乱法を用いた。装置の測定範囲は、0.030μmから1000μmであった。図29(A)は試料A1の、図29(B)は試料C1の、試料29(C)は試料C2の粒度分布測定の結果をそれぞれ示す。また各試料について、D50およびD90の結果を表2に示す。ここでD50とは粒度分布測定結果の積算粒子量曲線において、その積算量が50%を占めるときの粒子径、すなわちメジアンである。またD90とは粒度分布が90%となる粒径である。なお、表2において同じ試料名が複数回記載してある場合には、異なる粉体を用いて複数回測定したことを示す。
次に、各試料において比表面積の測定を行った。比表面積の測定には自動比表面積・細孔分布測定装置(トライスターII3020(島津製作所社製))を用いた。解析にはBET法を用いた。各試料の比表面積の測定結果を表3に示す。
103 活物質
111 正極
111a 正極
115 負極
115a 負極
121 正極集電体
122 正極活物質層
123 セパレータ
125 負極集電体
126 負極活物質層
130 電極組立体
131 電極組立体
201 正極活物質
202a 集合体
202b 集合体
202c 集合体
203a 粒子
203b 粒子
203c 粒子
204a 粒子
204b 粒子
205a 粒子
205b 粒子
205c 粒子
206a 長径
207a 短径
206b 長径
207b 短径
206c 長径
207c 短径
300 蓄電池
301 正極缶
302 負極缶
303 ガスケット
304 正極
305 正極集電体
306 正極活物質層
307 負極
308 負極集電体
309 負極活物質層
310 セパレータ
321 グラフェン化合物
500 蓄電池
501 正極集電体
502 正極活物質層
503 正極
504 負極集電体
505 負極活物質層
506 負極
507 セパレータ
508 電解液
509 外装体
510 正極リード電極
511 負極リード電極
512 溶接領域
514 封止部
600 蓄電池
601 正極キャップ
602 電池缶
603 正極端子
604 正極
605 セパレータ
606 負極
607 負極端子
608 絶縁板
609 絶縁板
611 PTC素子
612 安全弁機構
900 回路基板
910 ラベル
911 端子
912 回路
913 蓄電池
914 アンテナ
915 アンテナ
916 層
917 層
918 アンテナ
919 端子
920 表示装置
921 センサ
922 端子
951 端子
952 端子
981 フィルム
982 フィルム
990 蓄電池
991 外装体
992 外装体
993 捲回体
994 負極
995 正極
996 セパレータ
997 リード電極
998 リード電極
1700 曲面
1701 平面
1702 曲線
1703 曲率半径
1704 曲率中心
1800 曲率中心
1801 フィルム
1802 曲率半径
1803 フィルム
1804 曲率半径
7100 携帯表示装置
7101 筐体
7102 表示部
7103 操作ボタン
7104 蓄電装置
7200 携帯情報端末
7201 筐体
7202 表示部
7203 バンド
7204 バックル
7205 操作ボタン
7206 入出力端子
7207 アイコン
7300 表示装置
7304 表示部
7400 携帯電話機
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 操作ボタン
7404 外部接続ポート
7405 スピーカ
7406 マイク
7407 蓄電装置
7408 リード電極
7409 集電体
8000 表示装置
8001 筐体
8002 表示部
8003 スピーカ部
8004 蓄電装置
8021 充電装置
8022 ケーブル
8024 蓄電装置
8100 照明装置
8101 筐体
8102 光源
8103 蓄電装置
8104 天井
8105 側壁
8106 床
8107 窓
8200 室内機
8201 筐体
8202 送風口
8203 蓄電装置
8204 室外機
8300 電気冷凍冷蔵庫
8301 筐体
8302 冷蔵室用扉
8303 冷凍室用扉
8304 蓄電装置
8400 自動車
8401 ヘッドライト
8406 電気モーター
8500 自動車
9600 タブレット型端末
9625 スイッチ
9626 スイッチ
9627 電源スイッチ
9628 操作スイッチ
9629 留め具
9630 筐体
9630a 筐体
9630b 筐体
9631 表示部
9631a 表示部
9631b 表示部
9632a 領域
9632b 領域
9633 太陽電池
9634 充放電制御回路
9635 蓄電体
9636 DCDCコンバータ
9637 コンバータ
9638 操作キー
9639 ボタン
9640 可動部
Claims (10)
- 一次粒子を有する二次粒子を有し、
前記二次粒子の粒径は300nm以上3μm以下であり、
前記一次粒子は、鉄、ニッケル、マンガン、およびコバルトのうちいずれか一以上を有するリチウム含有複合リン酸塩であり、
前記一次粒子は、第1の径と、第2の径と、を有し、
前記第1の径は、前記第2の径の2倍以上6倍以下であり、
前記第2の径は、20nm以上130nm以下であり、
比表面積が18m2/g以上50m2/g以下であり、
二以上の前記一次粒子間において、前記第1の径がそれぞれ概略平行に配置される正極活物質。 - 複数の二次粒子のそれぞれが一次粒子を有する正極活物質であって、
前記複数の二次粒子それぞれの粒径は300nm以上3μm以下であり、
前記一次粒子は、鉄、ニッケル、マンガン、およびコバルトのうちいずれか一以上を有するリチウム含有複合リン酸塩であり、
前記一次粒子は、第1の径と、第2の径と、を有し、
前記第1の径は、前記第2の径の2倍以上6倍以下であり、
前記第2の径は、20nm以上130nm以下であり、
比表面積が18m2/g以上50m2/g以下であり、
一つの二次粒子に含まれる二以上の前記一次粒子間において、前記第1の径がそれぞれ概略平行に配置される正極活物質。 - 一次粒子を有する二次粒子を有する正極活物質であって、
前記二次粒子の粒径は300nm以上3μm以下であり、
前記一次粒子は、鉄、ニッケル、マンガン、およびコバルトのうちいずれか一以上を有するリチウム含有複合リン酸塩であり、
前記一次粒子は、第1の径と、第2の径と、を有し、
前記第1の径は、前記第2の径の2倍以上6倍以下であり、
前記第2の径は、20nm以上130nm以下であり、
レーザ回折・散乱法により求められる前記正極活物質の中央値は、500nm以上6μm以下であり、
比表面積が18m2/g以上50m2/g以下であり、
二以上の前記一次粒子間において、前記第1の径がそれぞれ概略平行に配置される正極活物質。 - 複数の二次粒子のそれぞれが一次粒子を有する正極活物質であって、
前記複数の二次粒子それぞれの粒径は300nm以上3μm以下であり、
前記一次粒子は、鉄、ニッケル、マンガン、およびコバルトのうちいずれか一以上を有するリチウム含有複合リン酸塩であり、
前記一次粒子は、第1の径と、第2の径と、を有し、
前記第1の径は、前記第2の径の2倍以上6倍以下であり、
前記第2の径は、20nm以上130nm以下であり、
レーザ回折・散乱法により求められる前記正極活物質の中央値は、500nm以上6μm以下であり、
比表面積が18m2/g以上50m2/g以下であり、
一つの二次粒子に含まれる二以上の前記一次粒子間において、前記第1の径がそれぞれ概略平行に配置される正極活物質。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
前記比表面積が、18m2/g以上40m2/g以下である正極活物質。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記正極活物質は、オリビン構造を有する正極活物質。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記概略平行に配置されるとは、二以上の前記一次粒子間において、前記第1の径の方向同士でなす角度が0°以上10°以下で並ぶことである正極活物質。 - 請求項7において、
前記正極活物質は、LiFePO4で表される正極活物質。 - 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一に記載の正極活物質を有する正極と、
負極と、を有する蓄電装置。 - 請求項9に記載の蓄電装置を有する電子機器。
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