JP6953655B1 - A set of boxes that make up the scaffold - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform scaffolding when working at a high place in new construction or repair work of a civil engineering building structure. The most suitable scaffolding is selected from among many types of scaffolding and put into practical use according to the individual site conditions such as the place where the scaffolding is installed and the required height and scale. However, it is a field of construction work that is expected to be further improved and improved, such as shortening the construction period and reducing dangerous aerial work. SOLUTION: Scaffolding work is shortened and heightened by a method of constructing a scaffold by raising an inner box from an outer box by using a set of boxes whose outer shell is composed of a support 2f and a beam 2g and fits in a nested structure. We tried to save labor in the work. [Selection diagram] Fig. 3

Description

The present invention relates to scaffolding to be installed outside or inside a building used at the time of new construction or repair of a building. It also relates to how to build a scaffold.

Scaffolding is required when working at heights in new construction or repair work of civil engineering and building structures.
Scaffolding is constructed and dismantled by heavy machinery such as cranes and manual work. There is also a scaffold that allows the scaffolding floor to be raised and lowered to a predetermined height by a lifting device. The most suitable scaffolding is selected from a number of scaffolding types according to the location where the scaffolding is installed and the individual site conditions such as the required height and scale, and is put into practical use. Especially in urban building repair work, scaffolding is assembled and dismantled by human power, and the work situation is side by side with dangers such as aerial work and falling accidents during material transportation.
The optimum scaffolding structure for scaffolding construction / removal work differs depending on the site conditions, but further improvements / improvements such as labor saving, reduction of dangerous aerial work, shortening of work period, and reduction of construction cost are expected. It is a field of construction work to be done.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-6895 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-45649 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-50651

The scaffolding of Patent Document 1 is a scaffolding for storing and transporting columns, beams, scaffolding boards, etc., which are members of the scaffolding, in a disjointed state. It is a scaffold that unitizes (assembles) these members on the ground in the turning range area of the crane, lifts the unitized scaffold with the crane, moves it, and installs and removes it at the scaffold installation location.
In the case of this type of scaffolding, the work of assembling and disassembling the members is performed at a different place from the installation site, but the amount of work is the same and labor saving is not achieved. In addition, although the height is low, the assembly and disassembly work for unitizing is also a high-altitude work, and there is a problem that the risk of a fall does not change.
The telescopic scaffold of Patent Document 2 has a workbench provided only at the uppermost portion. In other words, it is suitable for repair work such as ceilings with a constant height inside the building. It can be said that it is an inefficient scaffolding when repairing the wall surface of a building, that is, the surface extending vertically and horizontally. Further, when expanding and contracting in the height direction, the work table is heavy by human power and requires a power device to raise it, and the efficiency of using the power device is not good compared to the scale of the scaffold.
The telescopic scaffold of Patent Document 3 is a scaffold in which a workbench is provided at the uppermost portion and a support column for supporting the workbench expands and contracts. As with ordinary scaffolding, most of the scaffolding assembly and disassembly work is aerial work, and the risk of work is not small compared to other scaffolding. Although described in the literature, it is a telescopic scaffold that is used in special spaces such as inside a boiler, and is assembled and disassembled at the site, and the movement of the scaffold is inefficient.

In order to solve the above problems, a set of boxes and a scaffolding construction method constituting the scaffolding of the present invention are as follows.
As shown in FIG. 1, the set of boxes constituting the scaffolding of the present invention is
The outer shell is a set of boxes that are composed of columns 2f and beams 2g and fit in a nested structure.
When the set of boxes was erected substantially vertically, the upper surface of the outer box was open.
It has a device 2b capable of projecting the inner boxes 1b and 1c upward from the outer boxes 1a and 1b with a lifting machine.
It has a support 2i that supports the protruding inner box and has
It is a set of boxes characterized in that the floor material 3a is mounted inside the box.
Also, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4,
The inner side surface of the box has a structure in which the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface of the box by engaging with the floor material 3a.
The inside of the box is a set of boxes characterized by having a structure in which the end portion of the floor material can be detachably laid on a beam in which the floor material is lined up in a substantially horizontal direction by engaging with the floor material. be.
Also, as shown in FIG.
Between the outer box support 2f and the inner box support 2f,
It is a set of boxes characterized by having a support slip device composed of plates 2h1 or 2h2 long in the vertical direction.
Also, as shown in FIG.
When a winch is adopted as a lifting machine, it is a set of boxes characterized in that a fixed pulley is mounted above one of the boxes of the set of boxes in combination with a rope.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7,
Using a set of boxes as described above,
The process of installing a set of boxes 1 in a nested structure approximately vertically, and
The process of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box with the lifting machine 6 and
The process of supporting the protruding inner box with the support tool 2i,
The scaffolding construction method is characterized by having a step of removing the floor material 3a attached to the side surface of the box and a step of laying the removed floor material substantially horizontally to construct the scaffolding floor 5a.

Since the set of boxes and the scaffolding construction method constituting the scaffolding of the present invention are as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
The scaffolding, which consists of a set of factory-made boxes, can be reused, so the usage cost is low. In the round-trip transportation from the factory to the site, the scaffolding of a set of boxes is housed in a nested structure, so the volume during transportation does not increase and the transportation cost is low.
At the site, a lifting machine is used to remove the inner box from the nested outer box, where the columns and beams have already been assembled, to build a high scaffolding, which is quicker to construct. Therefore, one lifting machine can handle a plurality of sets of boxes, and the utilization efficiency of the power unit is good.
In addition, various scaffolding members such as scaffolding floors, handrails, and stairs other than structural members can be attached to the side surface of the box of the present application, and since these members are carried to a high place together with the box, they are unloaded or unloaded to a high place again. There is no need and labor is saved. Therefore, dangerous work at high places is reduced. When a floor material with a hinge device is used, the floor material does not come off the beam, so there is no risk of falling.
The scaffolding constructed with one set of boxes of the present application has multiple layers, and it is possible to connect multiple sets of boxes horizontally, and because there is a wide area, the work of the main body construction using the scaffolding is also efficient. You can.
Since the scaffolding dismantling / removal work can be carried out in the reverse procedure of the construction method, it is possible to save labor and reduce dangerous work at high places.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a set of boxes and a scaffolding construction method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Here, each member and function constituting the present invention will be described first, and then examples will be described.

<Pedestal>
The pedestal referred to in the present application is a structure portion that is below the assembled scaffold structure for the purpose of construction and that gravitationally supports the set of boxes of the present application above.
The pedestal should be made of concrete or metal. Further, the pedestal may have an adjuster function or a jack function whose height can be adjusted. Further, a pedestal may be a pedestal in which wheels are added to the pedestal so that a set of boxes can be easily moved horizontally while being placed on the pedestal. The pedestal may have a device that spreads the legs, such as an outrigger, to increase the resistance of the scaffold to tipping over. Alternatively, the pedestal may be pre-mounted on the bottom of a set of boxes.
When the base (ground) is reinforced with concrete or steel, a set of boxes may be installed directly on the ground without using a pedestal.

<A set of boxes>
Here, in order to explain the contents of the present application, the names of the boxes constituting the set of nested boxes will be described first.
The outermost large box is called the outer box. The innermost small box is called the inner box. The box between the outer box and the inner box is called the intermediate box. There is no need for an intermediate box. In addition, there may be a plurality of intermediate boxes. If there is more than one, the dimensions of each intermediate box will vary from large to small in stages to form a nested structure.
Therefore, the set of boxes referred to in the present application is a plurality of boxes in which the outer box, the intermediate box, and the inner box have a nested structure, and the intermediate box and the inner box can be housed in the outer box. When the outer box of a pair of nested boxes is erected on a pedestal or the ground, the outer box and the intermediate box can be pulled out upward so that the inner box of the outer box or the intermediate box can be pulled out upward. It is a set of boxes characterized by the upper surface being open (opened out). The structure and function of the outer box, intermediate box, and inner box are slightly different depending on where they are placed. Also, apart from the terms of the outer box, middle box, and inner box, the outer box and inner box are referred to as relative names of the placed positions. The outer box is always the outer box and the inner box is always the inner box. The intermediate box is a relatively outer box or inner box.

<Box shape>
As for the shape of the box, when the outer box of a set of boxes is erected on a pedestal or the ground, a rectangular parallelepiped shape is a good shape for use. It is easy to use that the outer box, the intermediate box, and the inner box have a cross-sectional shape similar to that of the outer box. The functions and effects of the present invention can be exhibited in a polygonal prism other than a rectangular parallelepiped in the same manner as in a rectangular parallelepiped, but it seems that there is a disadvantage in the manufacturing cost of the box and the flexibility in the field.
The dimensions in the height direction when the set of boxes of the present application are erected substantially vertically on the pedestal may be smaller, the same, or larger than the height of the outer box in the intermediate box or the inner box.

<Box dimensions>
The main purpose of this application is to save labor in scaffolding construction work, shorten the construction period, and improve work safety. Therefore, after assembling each box into a nested structure at a factory or a temporary yard, it is transported by truck (vertical box is laid down sideways) and transported to the site. Therefore, the size of the outer box should be large enough to be loaded on a truck. Generally, the size of the marine container is good. However, the construction scaffold may be smaller than the width of the marine container (the width in the vehicle width direction when loaded on a truck) because the width direction may be a width that people can pass through or a width that is partially smaller than that. Wall ties and reserves are required to prevent the scaffolding from tipping over in the width direction during construction.

<Box material and structure>
Wood, metal, resin, etc. are good materials because it requires strength as a scaffold. It is also possible to partially adopt strong concrete.
Each box in a set of boxes may have a skeleton structure (struts and beams) using steel pipes or shaped steel. A part or all of the frame may be covered with a board, a net, or the like. Welding is recommended for the nodes of the skeleton structure to withstand repeated use and to save space for the nodes. Auxiliary members such as braces and beams may be present between the skeletons.
The optimum shape of the set of boxes of the present application is a rectangular parallelepiped whose outer shell is composed of columns and beams. When the box is erected, the tall box has a hierarchy of horizontal beams, and the horizontally long box has vertical columns to partition the inside of the box. Scaffolding floors, staircase members, handrails, braces, etc. Convenient to install. If the distance between the beams and the distance between the columns is approximately 2 m or less, a compartmentalized space can be constructed in which the limbs of the worker can reach and the materials and equipment can be easily attached, detached, and delivered. In addition, the rigidity and strength of the box structure will be improved.

<Box with scaffolding members on the sides>
Hereinafter, in order to clearly explain the top, bottom, left, and right of the box, the box will be described in a state where the box is erected substantially vertically on a pedestal.
Scaffolding members such as flooring materials and stairs can be attached to a part of the side surface of a set of boxes standing on a pedestal in advance. If the method is to attach members such as flooring materials thinly so that they fit within the width of the box columns, beams, and inter-column sliding devices, there will be no hindrance when the inner box of the nested structure is taken in and out (up, down). ..
By attaching the upper or lower end of these flooring materials and staircase members to the beam part of the box with a hinge device, it is attached to the side surface of the box when or after the set of boxes is erected. The flooring materials and staircase members that have been used can be rotated in the vertical direction by tilting or raising them, and they can be used as a substantially horizontal scaffold floor or an oblique elevating staircase. Similarly, handrails, braces, connecting members, overhanging members, etc. are attached to the side of the box, and by using a lifting machine to erect the box and raise (protrude) the inner box, they are raised at the same time as the box is raised. The scaffolding material and auxiliary members of the box can also be unloaded upwards, which greatly reduces the labor required for transporting the material in the vertical direction and shortens the construction period.
Also, not only in the transportation work but also in the scaffolding construction work, the worker does not move the floor material etc. in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, but simply rotates the material transported to the installation position in advance and it is almost horizontal. Since scaffolding floors and diagonal stairs can be constructed safely, dangerous work during construction is reduced.

<Heighting machine>
The set of boxes of the present application are housed in a nested structure, transported by truck, unloaded from the truck by a crane (lifting machine), and installed substantially vertically. After that, using the crane, the inner box of the nested structure is lifted, a support is installed, and the inner box is prevented from descending or falling, and is used as a scaffold. (It is necessary to prevent falls such as connecting the outside of the scaffolding to the wall)
Instead of a large lifting machine such as a crane, a small lifting machine such as a winch is installed outside the outer box, and the pulleys and ropes installed in the outer box and intermediate box are used to raise and lower the box inside the nested structure. It is possible to make it. The device and operation method will be described later.

<Support>
The support is a device that transmits the weight of the inner box lifted by the lifting machine to the outer box. An example of the support 2i is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
The support shown in FIG. 1 has a simple structure in which a steel pipe support 2i is placed on a beam of the outer box to support the weight of the inner box.
The support shown in FIG. 2 has a structure in which a bracket provided on a support column of an outer box is a support that can be rotated in the horizontal direction. With the inner box suspended by the crane, rotate the bracket horizontally, position the bracket under the bottom of the column or beam of the inner box, and lower the inner box suspended by the crane to lower the inner box above the bracket. It is used in the procedure of loading. With this support, the inner box does not settle relative to the outer box. By operating the bracket from the outside using an electric motor or a string, it is possible to work safely without workers entering under the suspended load.
Alternatively, as for the support, the inner box is lifted by the lifting machine, and the outer box and the inner box are displaced in the vertical direction by penetrating the pins through the holes provided in the columns of the outer box and the inner box. It may be a simple structure to block.
Alternatively, the structure may be such that the entire inner box is pulled out from the outer box, and then the inner box is placed on the outer box. Even in this case, since the inner box is smaller than the open space on the upper surface of the outer box, a support for supporting the inner box is required.
The method of supporting the inner box with the outer box is not limited to the above example, and a device of a known method may be adopted as a support tool.
The scaffolding composed of a set of boxes needs to be appropriately reinforced against loads, earthquakes, winds, vibrations, shakings, etc. by using means other than supports.

<Sliding device between columns>
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a strut-to-post slip device that facilitates the vertical movement of the inner box of a set of boxes of the present application using steel pipe columns.
FIG. A shows a planar cross section of a set of boxes of the present application. Adopt inter-post sliding devices near the columns at the four corners of the box. The device is attached to the support of the outer box or the beam near the support by welding or screwing at a slight distance from the support, and the inner box moves up and down smoothly without unevenness. It is a device that can be attached.
The inter-column slip device 2h1 shown in FIG. B is a member obtained by dividing a tube having a diameter larger than the column tube of the inner box into approximately 3 to 4 in the vertical direction, and is a device to which a vertically long curved steel plate is attached. ..
The strut-to-post slip device 2h2 shown in FIG. C is a device in which a strip-shaped plate is attached to a portion of the outer box where the strut of the inner box abuts. The board is made of metal or resin and is a member fixed to the columns and beams of the outer box.
When pulling out the box of the present application nested structure upward or storing it downward, there is some play between the inner box and the outer box, so while shaking back and forth and left and right, or repeating small collisions back and forth and left and right. The inner box rises or falls. The strut-to-post slip device is a device that limits the swing width of the front, back, left, and right. In particular, since the set of boxes of the present application is equipped with scaffolding members and the like on the side surfaces of the boxes, the internal box is a device for maintaining an interval for avoiding small collisions with those members. Therefore, when a large space is required, a spacer may be inserted between the plate and the support column or beam to be fixed to increase the space.
Since a set of boxes stands almost vertically, the only horizontal force acting between the boxes is the force that the boxes lean against each other. Since the force is very small and the frictional force is also small, it works with the above-mentioned device. It is an inexpensive device because it does not use mechanical products such as wheels and bearings.

<Rise stop device>
It is a device that prevents the inner box from being completely pulled out from the outer box, and is a device that stops the inner box from rising halfway. A protrusion is provided on the upper inner surface of the outer box, a protrusion is provided on the lower outer surface of the inner box, and when the inner box protrudes upward, both protrusions collide and the inner box is pulled out from the outer box. It is a device with a structure that does not exist. The protrusion may be a small shaped steel or a steel pipe attached to the box. Alternatively, it may be a simple one such as a bolt or a hook having a strength to withstand bending or shearing. However, in the case of a set of boxes of the present application that employs a small lifting machine and a pulley as shown in FIG. 6, a force of the same magnitude as the weight of the box inside the device acts on this lift stop device. Strength is required.
Since it is also necessary to take out the inner box from the outer box for maintenance, the lift stop device needs to be removable or the installation position can be moved.

<Floor material>
The floor material is attached to the side surface of the box, and can be transported to the installation position of the scaffolding height at the site through the work of trucking the box, installing the box, and projecting the box. Steel plates, aluminum plates, resin plates, wood, etc. are suitable as flooring materials.
The flooring material attached to the side surface of the box is used as a scaffolding floor by being moved and installed substantially horizontally on the beam of the box in a state where the box is fixed at a predetermined position as a scaffolding. When the flooring is on the side of the box, the top or bottom may be hinged to the beam of the box. By simply rotating the floor material using a hinge device, it can be installed on the beam of the box almost horizontally. The opposite end of the flooring may be removably fixed to the other beam with a device such as a claw, bolt or belt.
It is preferable that the floor material has a two-sheet structure or a drawer type, and the length can be adjusted. When used as a scaffolding floor, it is convenient because the length can be adjusted to the beam spacing.
The box has four sides, front, back, left and right. A scaffolding floor that protrudes like a veranda is also possible by using diagonal materials and hanging chains on the side surface in the direction of the building. On the side of another adjacent set of boxes in the direction of the scaffolding, it is also possible to use the flooring on that side to construct a scaffolding floor that constitutes a migratory corridor.

<Stairs member>
It is also possible to attach a staircase member for raising and lowering on the side surface of the box. Like the floor material, the staircase member may have its upper end or lower end attached to the beam of the box by a hinge device. A diagonal staircase can be constructed by rotating it using a hinge. If the step plate of the staircase member is rotatable like a louver window, the overall thickness can be made thin and it is easy to attach it to the side surface of the box. The staircase member should have an adjustable length.
Further, as a scaffold lifting device, a ladder or a ramp may be used instead of the stairs. In those cases, they may remain fixed to the sides of the box.

<Other scaffolding related parts>
Scaffolding-related members and box reinforcement members can be attached to the sides of the box using bolts, clips, belts, and the like. By attaching it to the side of the box, such as connecting members to another adjacent scaffold, connecting walls to buildings, asagao, braces, handrails, etc., it is possible to save labor and reduce dangerous aerial work. can.

<Detachable beam>
Even when a set of horizontally long boxes is used to cope with the on-site situation, the outer box and the intermediate box need to have the upper surface of the box blown out in order to project the inner box upward. If the top surface is blown out, the width of the long box may change during transportation or during scaffolding construction. Detachable beams are attached to the upper surfaces of the outer box and the intermediate box to stop the width of the box. When the inner box passes upward through the upper surface of the outer box or the intermediate box, the detachable beam can be removed to open the upper surface of the box.

<Example 1>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. In order not to confuse the contents of the figure, this figure mainly shows the support columns 2f and the beams 2g of the outer shell of the nesting set of boxes 1. The explanation of various members related to the scaffolding floor, etc. is shown in a separate figure. Figure A shows a situation in which a set of three boxes, an outer box, an intermediate box, and an inner box, are erected vertically on a pedestal in a nested structure. FIG. B shows a state in which the inner boxes 1b and 1c are projected upward from the outer box 1a by a lifting machine and are supported by the support 2i that supports the inner box. A floor material 3a is attached to the bottom surface of the inside 1d of the box.
In other words, Figure 1 shows
The outer shell is a set of boxes 1 composed of columns 2f and beams 2g and housed in a nested structure. When the set of boxes is erected substantially vertically, the upper surfaces 2c of the outer boxes 1a and 1b are open. It has a device 2b that can project the inner boxes 1b and 1c upward from the outer box with a lifting machine, has a support 2i that supports the projected inner box, and mounts a floor material 3a inside the box. It represents a set of boxes.
High scaffolding is not required if the building is low in height. The figure shows a set of boxes that make up a horizontally long scaffold. The upper surfaces of the outer box and the intermediate box need to be blown out, but in a horizontally long open space, the members will be distorted if there is no presser in the middle part. Therefore, the outer box and the upper surface of the intermediate box of this set of boxes are equipped with removable beams 2k to prevent the width of the upper surface of the box from changing. It can be said that the upper surface 2c of the box is opened whenever necessary by removing the detachable beam 2k, which is a stairwell state.
Further, in the set of boxes shown in the figure, an additional beam 2l in the longitudinal direction is provided 30 to 50 cm below the upper surface of the outer box and the intermediate box. The beam 2l is a beam on which the detachable beam 2k can be temporarily installed when the detachable beam 2k on the upper surface of the box is removed, and the change in the width of the upper surface of the box is suppressed. It is a device that can do. Further, as shown in the figure, it is a beam that can also have a function of supporting the inner box in combination with the support 2i that supports the inner box.

<Example 2>
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of another embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the pillars and beams of the outer shell of a set of nested boxes 1 are mainly described. The explanation of various members related to the scaffolding floor, etc. is shown in a separate figure.
Fig. A shows a state in which the intermediate box 1b is inside the outer box 1a and the inner box is inside the intermediate box 1c, and the three boxes are nested and are erected substantially vertically on the pedestal. ing. The outer shell of each box is composed of steel pipe columns 2f and beams 2g, and the beams are provided at intervals of about 1 to 2 m in the height direction.
The set of boxes shown in Fig. A is a set of boxes 1 whose outer shell is composed of columns 2f and beams 2g and fits in a nested structure. When the set of boxes is erected substantially vertically, the upper surface 2c of the outer box is open, and has a device 2b capable of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box with a lifting machine.
FIG. B is a cross-sectional plan view of three nested boxes. It is a figure which shows the situation which overlapped with the beam 2g of the side surface of a box, and the floor material 3a is attached.
In Fig. C, a set of boxes shown in Fig. A is lifted by a lifting machine and a lifting device 2b, the inner box is projected upward from the outer box, and then the support 2i in the outer box is used. , Represents the situation supporting the protruding inner box. Further, a floor material 3a is attached to the inner side surface of the box.
Since the inner box becomes taller when the inner box protrudes from the outer box, the display in the height direction is partially omitted in the figure.
FIG. D is a diagram showing a floor material 3a, a hinge device 3c, and a claw device 3d as an example of means for attaching the floor material to the side surface of the box. The hinge device 3c of the floor material 3a is a device capable of rotating the floor material around a beam having a thickness and a position where the annular ring attached to the floor material engages with the ring as a rotation axis. Further, the claw device attached to the floor material represents a claw having a structure in which the claw is hooked on the beam at the position where the claw-shaped metal is engaged and the claw is engaged with the metal and cannot be easily removed. It is a device that removes the claw when a certain part is pushed or pulled. As described above, the present application has a structure such as a thickness, a position, and a stopper so that the inner side surface (beams and columns) of the box can be engaged with the floor material 3a and the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface. ing. The device for mounting the floor material on the beam or the column may be of another type.
When the box is moved by the lifting machine, the floor material moves along with the box, so there is no need to transport it separately. The situation of the box with the floor material attached to the side of the box will be explained later.

<Example 3>
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating that in a set of nested boxes, the inner box can be smoothly projected from the outer box. FIG. A is a plan view of a set of boxes having a nested structure, and FIGS. B and C are detailed views of the support columns thereof.
FIG. B shows a strut-to-post slip device 2h1 composed of a long plate in which a metal tube is vertically cut in the vertical direction between the strut of the outer box and the strut of the inner box.
FIG. C shows a strut-to-post slip device 2h2 composed of two metal plates long in the vertical direction between the strut of the outer box and the strut of the inner box.
When the inner box comes out from the outer box of the nested structure, various members such as columns, beams, braces, handrails and scaffolding materials such as flooring materials and steps come into contact with each other, which hinders the contact. However, paying attention to the columns of the outer box and the inner box, using the above-mentioned vertically cut metal tube 2h1 or metal plate 2h2 or the like to separate the columns of the outer and inner boxes from each other will hinder the problem. Can be resolved.
The set of boxes is approximately vertical and there is very little static friction between the stanchions and the inter-post struts because no horizontal force is acting. Here, when each member such as a beam, a brace, and a scaffolding material is mounted on the side surface of the box, it is configured so as to fit inside a thin space between the diameter of the column and the gap created by the sliding device between the columns. It is necessary, but it is easily possible by adjusting the dimensions of the members.

<Example 4>
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the side surface and internal mechanism of the set of boxes of the present application and the mounting structure of the floor material and the like.
The boxes shown in FIGS. A and B are boxes representing any one of the nested boxes.
The structure of the box shown in FIG. A is a dimension in which the distance between the columns and beams on the inner side surface of the box is engaged with the floor material so that the floor material fits on the side surface. In addition, the floor material has a hinge device, a claw device, or a device such as a bolt or a socket so that it can be attached to and detached from the support column or beam. And has a structure. Although an example is shown in FIG. 2D, in the case of a hinge device using a ring, the ring is attached to the floor material, and the beam is inside the ring of the ring and acts as a rotation axis of the hinge.
In other words, in the box of the present application represented by FIG. It has a structure that can be attached to.
Further, as described above, the dimensions of the floor material in the thickness direction need to be stored in a thin shape in a narrow space composed of the columns and the sliding device between the columns, and the floor material is manufactured thinner than the diameter of the columns. There is a need to. Further, if the staircase member has a structure in which the step plate is rotated like a louver window, the staircase can be made thin. Alternatively, a large space can be constructed by mounting the inter-column sliding device away from the columns of the outer box.
In addition, other members such as wall binders, connecting materials, reinforcing materials, and asagao can be detachably attached to the side surfaces of the box. In that case, a device and structure are required to engage and receive the columns and beams of the box.

Figure B shows the state after one box shown in Figure A has changed and the inner box protrudes from the outer box. This represents a state in which the claws 3d of the floor material 3a are manually removed, the floor material is rotated in the vertical direction using the hinge device 3c, and the floor material is laid substantially horizontally. In the figure, the floor material 3a that is substantially horizontal is referred to as a scaffolding floor 5a.
Even in this state, the columns and beams inside the box engage with the floor material to be laid almost horizontally, and the spacing and thickness of the columns and beams, the arrangement of reinforcing materials and diagonal members, hinge devices and claw devices, Must have a device or structure to receive bolts, sockets, etc.
When removing the scaffolding, the claw device 3d of the scaffolding floor (floor material) 5a is removed, and the scaffolding floor 5a is rotated in the vertical direction using the hinge device 3c to the original position of the side surface of the box. It can be attached to the (side surface) as a flooring material.
That is, the inside of the set of boxes of the present application has a structure that can be laid so that the floor material can be detachably laid substantially horizontally by engaging with the floor material.

FIG. C is a diagram illustrating an in-service situation of a scaffold composed of a set of boxes of the present application.
The figure shows a state in which a scaffolding already composed of three sets of boxes is installed on a pedestal, the inner box is projected upward by the lifting machine 6, and the scaffold is supported by the support tool 2i. Furthermore, it shows that a set of boxes that fit in the fourth nesting structure is installed almost vertically on the pedestal.

That is, the set of boxes 1 of the present application is a set of boxes whose outer shell is composed of columns 2f and beams 2g and fits in a nested structure. Then, when the set of boxes is erected substantially vertically, the upper surface 2c of the outer box is open, and the device 2b capable of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box by the lifting machine 6 is provided. ing. It also has a support 2i that supports the protruding inner box.
The inner side surface 2d of the box has a structure in which the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface by engaging with the floor material 3a. The inside of the box has a structure in which the floor material can be laid so as to be detachably and horizontally engaged with the floor material.

A construction worker enters the inside of a set of boxes and manually rotates and moves the side floor materials in order from the bottom with a hinge device to construct a substantially horizontal scaffolding floor 5a, and rotates and moves the stairs member 3b diagonally. Scaffolding can be constructed up to the top of a set of boxes in sequence by the method of constructing the stairs. Further, the floor material can be rotationally moved to the outside of the box and connected to the beams of the adjacent set of boxes to construct a substantially horizontal scaffolding floor 5a.
By adopting the set of boxes of the present application, it is possible to carry (unload) columns, beams, scaffolding floors, stairs, braces, handrails, etc. to the use position in a short time using a lifting machine. Therefore, it is not necessary to carry the members upward. In addition, the installation work of the scaffolding floor and the like is also safe because a part of the floor is connected to the beam by a hinge device, so that an accident such as a fall can be prevented. (Contributing to shortening the construction period and saving labor)
The procedure for removing the scaffolding set of the present application can be performed by reversing the assembly procedure. From above, the scaffolding floor and stairs are stored (mounted) on the side of the box and come down. After installing the lifting equipment of the lifting machine, the workers leave the scaffolding while storing the minimum necessary stairs etc. on the side of the box, then lift it with the lifting machine and store a set of boxes in a nested manner. The removal work can be completed by loading it on the transport truck.

<Example 5>
FIG. 5 shows a set of boxes in which a fixed pulley is mounted above any of the boxes of the present invention in the case where a rope and a pulley are adopted as a force transmission method for a small lifting machine. It is a figure explaining. The figure is easy to understand and illustrated, and explains how the three boxes, the outer box, the intermediate box, and the inner box, which have a nested structure, move by the external lifting machine, pulley, and rope. It is a schematic and perspective view, omitting the display of the scaffolding material and the structure of the box.
Figure A is a diagram in which the pulleys are arranged in an easy-to-see manner from the front. FIG. B is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the positional relationship between the pulley and the box. Figure C is an illustration showing a state in which the inner box and the intermediate box are projected from the outer box using a lifting machine and a pulley.
Here, a method of raising the box inside the nested structure will be described, assuming that there is no force loss due to the pulleys and ropes. Here, raising the inner box and projecting the inner box have the same meaning.
A small lifting machine (winch, etc.) is fixed to the outer box or the base outside the outer box. A fixed pulley A is arranged above the outer box. The fixed pulley B is arranged below the intermediate box and the fixed pulley C is arranged above. Below the inner box is a fixing device D that fixes one end of the rope. The rope is wired in the order of various devices A, B, C, D from a small lifting machine which is a rope pulling device.

The procedure for raising the inner box using a pulley is described below. Here, it is premised that the strength of the rope, pulley and lift stop device can support the inner box and the intermediate box.
(1) When the rope is pulled by a small lifting machine, the rope is first pulled and approached between C and D by a tensile force larger than the weight of the inner box. Since C never goes down, D goes up. Since D is fixed to the inner box, that is, the inner box rises. The tensile force at that time (first-stage tensile force) is the same as the resultant force of the weight of the inner box and some frictional resistance between the boxes.
(2) When the inner box rises and the rise stop device on the outer surface of the inner box abuts on the rise stop device on the inner surface of the intermediate box, the inner box cannot be raised any more by the first-stage tensile force. In this state, the support 1 can be made to function to fix the movement of the inner box and the intermediate box.
(3) When the tensile force is further increased, the space between A and B is then attracted and approaches. Since A never goes down, B's pulley goes up and approaches A. Since the pulley of B is fixed to the intermediate box, that is, the intermediate box rises. The tensile force (second stage tensile force) at this time is the resultant force of the weights of the inner box and the intermediate box and the frictional force between the boxes. Here, the fixed pulley B is a fixed pulley fixed to the intermediate box, but since the fixed pulley B moves integrally with the intermediate box, it has the same function as the moving pulley.
(4) When the intermediate box rises and the rise stop device on the outer surface of the intermediate box abuts on the rise stop device on the inner surface of the outer box, the rise of the inner box and the intermediate box due to the second stage tensile force is stopped. By operating the support 2 in this state and fixing the movement of the intermediate box and the outer box, the inner box of the set of boxes can be projected.
(5) Even if the scaffolding is a set of boxes with multiple intermediate boxes, by increasing the number of pulleys and lift stop devices, the steps are the same as above, and the multiple intermediate boxes are placed in order from the inner box of the nested structure. It is possible to raise the box.
(6) The method of returning a set of nested boxes to the nested state is to apply a tensile force to the rope again using a lifting machine (pull the rope slightly) and apply the load of the inner box and the intermediate box with the rope. After releasing the functions of the support 1 and the support 2 in the received state, the tensile force of the rope is weakened and the rope is drawn out, so that the intermediate box and the inner box can be gradually housed inside the outer box. ..

FIG. 6 is a perspective and schematic explanatory view when a fixed pulley fixed to an outer box, a base, or the like is installed at the position of the small lifting machine of FIG. The end of the rope can be oriented in any direction depending on the orientation of the fixed pulley. It is possible to construct a scaffold consisting of many sets of boxes of the present application one by one using one winch and an extension rope, and it can be constructed at low cost. It is also possible to pull the rope with a crane, which can be said to be an advantageous method of using a lifting machine when the sky is blocked in a building or the like and the crane cannot be used.

When the load of the set of boxes of the present application is large, it is possible to reduce the load of the rope, the pulley and the lifting machine by adopting a plurality of sets of the rope and the pulley. Further, it is possible to reduce the tensile force of the rope by half or more by adopting a multi-pulley between the fixed pulleys A to B and the rope fixing device D.

When constructing a new building, if there is a high scaffolding on the outer circumference from the beginning, it will be an obstacle to the construction work of the main body. In addition, the scaffolding cannot be connected to the building, so the scaffolding may tilt. In such a field situation, it is necessary to gradually increase the height of the scaffolding according to the progress of the height of the building. In such a case, it is costly to charter the crane each time to raise the scaffolding of the set of the present application. If an inexpensive small lifting machine (winch) is installed at the site and a set of scaffolding with a fixed pulley mounted on the box of the present application is used each time, the inner box is raised for each layer. It is possible to raise the scaffolding level by level inexpensively and safely. In this case, it is necessary to be able to install supports for each layer.

<Example 6>
FIG. 7 is a procedural diagram illustrating a method of constructing a scaffold using a set of boxes having a nested structure of the present application described above.
FIG. A is a diagram showing a state in which a set of boxes 1 housed in a nested structure is transported by truck to a construction site at a factory or a temporary yard. Since the scaffolding material (floor material 3a, etc.) is attached to the side surface of the nested box, the work can be done in a very short time by loading and unloading the truck for each set of boxes.
FIG. B shows the work situation of a process in which a set of boxes 1 housed in a nested structure carried in is installed substantially vertically on a pedestal 2a using a lifting machine 6. If the pedestal has a height adjustment function, it is a very easy task.
Figure C shows the process of lifting the inner box upward from the outer box of a set of boxes with a lifting machine (protruding the inner box from the outer box), and the work of raising the scaffolding. Represents.
In this state, the support 2i is inserted between the bottom surface of the inner box and the beam of the outer box, and the hanger of the lifting machine is lowered to support the inner box protruding from the outer box with the support 2i. Can be done. In this process, a set of nested box stanchions and beams act as structural materials for the high scaffolding. (This work process is performed for each box in the order of the large box to the small box of the inner box of the nested structure, or by installing the above-mentioned rise stop device 2j between the inner box and the outer box. , By lifting the inner box, it is also possible to connect and lift the outer box.)
Although the support 2i represents a steel pipe in the figure, the support may have a different form. In addition, as the scaffolding becomes higher, it is necessary to take measures to prevent falls such as wall joints, reserves, and tie ropes.
FIG. D shows a work process in which a worker removes the floor material 3a attached to the side surface 2d of the box and lays the removed floor material substantially horizontally to construct the scaffolding floor 5a.
In the box of the present application, the distance between the columns and the distance between the beams in the horizontal direction is approximately 2 m or less, and the scaffolding floor can be placed on the beams to easily make a safe work floor. Further, since the distance between the beams in the height direction is also about 2 m or less, the scaffolding floor can be constructed in an easy-to-use (height within the reach of workers) layers every 2 m or less.
When the construction of the scaffolding floor is completed, carpenters, painters, plumbers, and other scaffolding craftsmen who are unfamiliar with the scaffolding can enter and work on the scaffolding.

It is a figure explaining the support and the beam of the outer shell of a set of boxes of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the support and the beam of the outer shell of a set of boxes of another form of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the sliding device between columns of a set of boxes of this invention. It is a figure explaining the arrangement of the floor material and the like of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the set of the box of this application when the fixed pulley is mounted above the box. It is explanatory drawing of the set of boxes of this application when a fixed pulley is adopted outside the outer box. It is a figure explaining the scaffolding construction method using a set of boxes of the present invention.

1: A set of boxes of the present application 1a: Outer box
1b: Intermediate box 1c: Inner box 1d: Inside the box 2: Each part of the box 2a: Pedestal 2b: Suspension device 2c: Top surface of the box 2d: Side surface of the box 2e: Bottom surface of the box 2f: Support
2g: Beam 2h1: Sliding device between columns
2h2: Another form of inter-post sliding device 2i: Support 2j: Lifting stop device 2k: Detachable beam 2l: Upper side additional cross beam 3: Scaffolding member 3a: Floor material 3b: Stair member 3c: Hinge device 3d: Claw Device 3e: Handrail material 3f: Wall connecting 3g: Oblique member 4: Rope 4a: Fixed pulley above the box 4b: Fixed pulley below the box 4c: Small lifting machine (rope tensioning device)
4d: Rope fixing device
5: Scaffolding 5a: Scaffolding floor 6: Lifting machine 7: Base

Claims (2)

The outer shell is a set of boxes consisting of columns and beams that fit in a nested structure.
When the set of boxes was erected substantially vertically, the upper surface of the outer box was open.
It has a device that can project the inner box upward from the outer box with a lifting machine.
Has a support to support the protruding inner box,
Install the flooring inside the box,
The inner side surface of the box has a structure in which the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface of the box by engaging with the floor material.
The inside of the box constitutes a scaffolding having a structure in which the end portion of the flooring material can be detachably laid on a beam in which the flooring material is engaged with the flooring material and arranged in a substantially horizontal direction. A pair of boxes.
Using a set of boxes according to claim 1,
The process of installing a set of boxes in a nested structure approximately vertically,
The process of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box with a lifting machine,
The process of supporting the protruding inner box with a support, and
Remove the flooring attached to the side of the box and
It has a process of laying the removed floor material almost horizontally to build a scaffolding floor.
A scaffolding construction method characterized by that.

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