JP6949650B2 - Incinerator ash melting treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a melting treatment apparatus for incinerator ash.

The incineration ash discharged from the garbage incinerator, etc. may contain harmful substances, in which case it cannot be disposed of in landfills, etc. Conventionally, as a melting treatment device for detoxifying and reducing the volume of incineration ash, for example, a melting furnace for melting incineration ash, a melting furnace blower for sending coke combustion air to the melting furnace, and discharging from the melting furnace. A melting treatment apparatus including a combustion chamber for burning the hot gas to be produced and a heat exchanger for exchanging cold air with hot air by heat from the combustion chamber has been proposed.

Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of hearths having a outlet and covering the lower part of the cylindrical furnace body in such a melting processing apparatus, and these hearths can be switched by having a slide mechanism. The structure of the melting furnace is disclosed. According to this melting furnace, when the slag opening or the like is clogged, it can be easily replaced with another hearth for maintenance.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-148320

However, in the melting furnace disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the refractory material is applied to a part of the melting furnace and the flue of the exhaust gas, the refractory material in the furnace is periodically disassembled and reconstructed. It took a long construction period, during which the melting furnace had to be shut down. In addition, dust and condensate adhere to and solidify in the furnace and on the inner wall surface of the exhaust gas flue, which tends to cause blockage of the furnace and flue, making continuous operation for a long period of time difficult.

An object of the present invention is to provide a melting treatment apparatus capable of easily removing condensates and the like without stopping the melting furnace for a long time for maintenance in the furnace.

The present invention is an incineration ash melting treatment apparatus including a melting furnace having a coke burning section for burning coke, an incineration ash melting section for melting incinerated ash, and an exhaust gas burning section for burning exhaust gas. The melting of incineration ash is characterized in that the inner wall of the furnace body and the flue of the exhaust gas is made of only steel material and has a water cooling mechanism for cooling the furnace body and the outer wall of the flue. A processing device is provided.

The water cooling mechanism is preferably either or both of a water cooling jacket and a shower ring. Further, the water cooling mechanism may have a control unit that controls the temperature of the supplied water.

The melting furnace has a hearth that constitutes the bottom of the furnace and is provided with a slag port and is removable from the hearth. It may be provided with a jack mechanism capable of moving the hearth up and down. Further, a refractory material may be provided on the bottom of the melting furnace.

Further, a slag-shaped outlet formed at the bottom of the furnace, a slag opening holding member provided around the slag opening on the outlet side of the slag opening, and the slag opening holding member provided from the outlet side of the slag opening. It is preferable to have a slag portion provided with a V-shaped trough provided toward the outside of the melting furnace.

According to the present invention, during maintenance of the melting furnace, condensates and the like can be easily removed without stopping the melting furnace for a long time.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the structural example of the melting processing apparatus. It is a vertical sectional view of the melting furnace which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the melting furnace of FIG. It is an enlarged view of the slag portion of the melting furnace of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present specification and the drawings, elements having substantially the same functional configuration are designated by the same reference numerals, so that duplicate description will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an incinerator ash melting treatment apparatus including a melting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention. The melting processing apparatus 1 includes a melting furnace 2, a combustion chamber 3 for burning the high temperature gas generated in the melting furnace 2, and a heat exchanger 4 for generating hot air with the heat of the high temperature gas from the combustion chamber 3, and melts. Air for combustion of coke is sent to the furnace 2 and the incineration ash is melted by using the coke as a fuel in the melting furnace 2 to detoxify and reduce the volume of the incineration ash.

The melting processing device 1 sends the melting furnace blower 41, which is the main blower, the first pipe 42 that sends air from the melting furnace blower 41 to the heat exchanger 4, and the coke combustion air from the heat exchanger 4 to the melting furnace 2. The coke combustion air supply pipe 43, the second pipe 44 branched from the first pipe 42 and connected to the coke combustion air supply pipe 43, the third pipe 45 branched from the first pipe 42, and the third pipe. An exhaust gas combustion air supply pipe 46 for sending exhaust gas combustion air from the furnace body 11 to the exhaust gas combustion unit 23 (FIG. 2) is provided. Further, a cooling air fan 51 that sends cooling air to the combustion chamber 3 and a combustion air fan 52 that sends combustion air to the combustion chamber 3 are provided.

The incinerator ash melted in the melting furnace 2 is discharged from a garbage incinerator or the like, and is composed of main ash and fly ash. For example, incinerator ash granulated into a substantially ellipsoidal shape having appropriate dimensions is put into the melting furnace 2 together with coke. In addition to coke, waste plastic generated during molding of various plastics may be used as fuel. Above the melting furnace 2, a material charging means 5 for charging a material containing coke and incinerator ash is provided.

As shown in FIG. 2, for example, the material charging means 5 is a material charging cylinder 101 to which a material containing coke 8 and incinerator ash 9 is supplied from the charging bucket 100, and an insertion inserted into the upper opening of the furnace body 11. It has a unit 102. A damper 103 is provided in the material charging cylinder 101, and the damper 103 includes a cone portion 104, a vertical holding rod 105 for holding the cone portion 104, a horizontal holding rod 106 for holding the vertical holding rod 105, and a material. A cylinder 107 installed on the outer peripheral surface of the loading cylinder 101 to move the horizontal holding rod 106 up and down is provided. Then, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the piston rod 108 of the cylinder 107 is contracted, the lower end of the material charging cylinder 101 is closed by the cone portion 104, and the piston rod 108 is extended. Then, the lower end of the material charging cylinder 101 is opened.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the melting furnace 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a side view of the melting furnace 2. The melting furnace 2 includes a substantially cylindrical furnace body 11 whose lower end is sequentially reduced in diameter, and a hearth 12 that closes an opening at the lower part of the furnace body 11.

Inside the furnace body 11, the lower part is the coke combustion part 21 in which the coke 8 is burned, and the upper part of the coke combustion part 21 is incineration in which, for example, the incineration ash 9 which is agglomerated into a substantially elliptical shape is melted. The ash melting unit 22 and above the ash melting unit 22 is an exhaust gas combustion unit 23 that reburns the exhaust gas CO.

One end of a first air passage 31 that supplies hot air into the furnace is connected to the coke combustion unit 21, and the first air passage 31 is a wind box 32 arranged along the outer periphery of the furnace body 11. , A communication pipe 33 for connecting the wind box 32 and the furnace body 11 is provided. Hot air is supplied to the first air passage 31 from a hot air supply source, for example, a heat exchanger 4 as shown in FIG. 1 via a coke combustion air supply pipe 43. The tuyere 31a, which is an opening on the coke combustion portion 21 side of the first air passage 31, is arranged in the vicinity of the inclined surface 13 of the hearth 12. In this way, the first air passage 31 supplies coke combustion air to the coke combustion unit 21.

Similarly, one end of a second air passage 34 to which hot air is supplied is connected to the incinerator ash melting unit 22, and the second air passage 34 is an air box arranged along the outer periphery of the furnace body 11. It is provided with a communication pipe 36 that connects the 35, the wind box 35, and the furnace body 11. Further, one end of a third air passage 37 to which hot air is supplied is connected to the exhaust gas combustion unit 23, and the third air passage 37 is connected to the air box 38 arranged along the outer periphery of the furnace body 11. , A communication pipe 39 for connecting the wind box 38 and the furnace body 11 is provided.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a flue 15 connected to a communication pipe 47 connected to the combustion chamber 3 is provided above the furnace body 11. Further, a water cooling jacket 17 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the coke combustion unit 21 as a water cooling mechanism for cooling the outer wall of the furnace body 11. As another embodiment of the water cooling mechanism, for example, showering is performed on the outer wall portion of the incinerator ash melting unit 22 and the exhaust gas combustion unit 23 of the melting furnace 2, and the inlet, outlet 14, and flue of the melting furnace 2 are provided. A water-cooled jacket may be placed on the outer wall of 15 (from the vicinity of the top of the furnace to the combustion chamber 3). With such a water cooling mechanism, the refractory material on the inner wall of the furnace body 11 which has been conventionally provided is omitted, and by cooling from the outer wall side, the condensate and the like adhering to the inner wall are reduced, and the work time required for maintenance is shortened. can.

Steel materials are used for the inner walls of the furnace body 11 and the flue 15. As the steel material, for example, a rolled steel material for general structure is used, and SS400 material is suitable. By using a steel material for the inner wall, adhesion of condensate is suppressed as compared with refractory material, and even when condensate adheres, it becomes easier to hang.

As the water cooling mechanism, it is preferable to install a water cooling jacket or a shower ring as described above, and it is preferable to provide a control unit for controlling the temperature of the water in this water cooling mechanism. As a result, the cooling capacity can be adjusted according to the temperature change in the melting furnace 2, and the incinerator ash can be stably melted. When the moisture in the cooled exhaust gas condenses, the corrosion of the water-cooled portion is promoted. Therefore, it is preferable to control the water temperature of the cooling water to 25 ° C. to 90 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 25 ° C, dew condensation is likely to occur, and if the temperature exceeds 90 ° C, the heat resistant temperature of the material of the water-cooled jacket portion is exceeded, which is not preferable.

Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of hearths 12, for example, two are provided, and each hearth 12 can be replaced via a slide mechanism 61 that can move back and forth. The slide mechanism 61 has, for example, a guide rail 62, a wheel 63 running on the guide rail 62, and a drive unit (not shown) for rotationally driving the wheel 63, and is connected to, for example, a chain for moving the wheel 63. The guide rail 62 can be moved with the manual handle. By providing the plurality of hearths 12 in this way, for example, when the slag opening 14 is clogged, it is possible to easily replace the hearth 12 with another hearth 12 for maintenance.

Further, below the furnace body 11, the hearth 12 can be moved up and down by the jack mechanism 64. The hearth 12 is moved along the guide rail 62 by the slide mechanism 61 and placed below the furnace body 11, and then raised by the jack mechanism 64 until it comes into close contact with the lower end of the furnace body 11. The opening at the bottom of the main body 11 is surely closed, and the sealing performance of the furnace main body 11 can be improved. As the jack mechanism 64, for example, an electric table lifter can be used.

In the hearth 12, the upper surface on the inner peripheral side forming the inner bottom surface of the furnace body 11 is an inclined surface 13, and a slag opening 14 penetrating the outer peripheral side of the hearth 12 is formed on the lower end side of the inclined surface 13. Has been done. The hearth 12 is preferably coated with a refractory material such as refractory bricks on the inside of the furnace. In this case, although the condensate is formed on the hearth 12, it is not blocked by the condensate because it is melted by the flowing solution. Further, since the spare hearth 12 can be quickly replaced by providing the slide mechanism 61 and the jack mechanism 64 described above, maintenance work for removing the condensate from the hearth 12 without stopping the melting furnace 2 for a long time can be performed. It can be carried out.

The lower end of the furnace body 11 is arranged so as to penetrate the work floor surface 10. A container 20 for accommodating the molten metal is arranged below the opening 10a provided on the work floor surface 10, and the molten metal can be injected into the container 20 through the slag opening 14.

As shown in FIG. 2, the slag opening 14 is formed in a gutter shape on the inclined surface 13 of the hearth 12. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, for example, the slag portion of the molten metal includes a slag port 14, a slag opening holding member 18 provided around the slag port 14 on the outlet side of the slag port 14. It is preferable to provide a V-shaped trough 19 provided from the outlet side of the slag opening 14 toward the outside of the melting furnace 2. The slag opening pressing member 18 has, for example, an upper semicircular shape, and by providing the slag opening holding member 18 in the upper half on the outlet side of the slag opening 14, upward erosion of the slag opening 14 is suppressed. , It is possible to avoid the scattering of the molten metal and limit the area where the molten metal comes into contact. Further, by providing the V-shaped gutter 19 having an appropriate length toward the outside of the melting furnace 2, the molten metal can be discharged at a distance from the melting furnace 2, so that the flow of the molten metal to the container 20 is stable. It is less susceptible to adverse effects such as blockage due to slag. As shown in FIG. 4, for example, the outlet holding member 18 and the V-shaped gutter 19 are supported by a pipe 110 through which cooling water passes, and the periphery of the exit holding member 18 is fixed to the hearth 12 with clay or the like. You may. The slag opening 14, the slag opening holding member 18, and the V-shaped gutter 19 may be appropriately designed according to the size of the container 20.

Next, a step of melting treatment of incinerator ash using the above melting treatment apparatus 1 will be described.

First, the hearth 12 is attached to the bottom of the furnace body 11. One of the plurality of hearths 12 is moved to the bottom of the furnace body 11 by the slide mechanism 61, brought into close contact with the bottom of the furnace body 11 by the jack mechanism 64, and the hearth 12 is fixed by bolts or the like.

When the installation of the hearth 12 is completed, the coke 8 is supplied from the charging bucket 100 to the coke combustion unit 21 in the melting furnace 2. After that, the granulated incinerator ash 9 and waste plastic are supplied from the charging bucket 100 to the incinerator ash melting section 22 in the melting furnace 2.

Then, hot air is supplied from each of the air passages 31, 34, and 37 to the coke combustion section 21, the incineration ash melting section 22, and the exhaust gas combustion section 23 to burn the coke 8 of the coke combustion section 21, and the incineration ash melting section. The incineration ash of 22 is preheated, waste plastic is burned, and the exhaust gas (CO) of the exhaust gas combustion unit 23 is reburned. At this time, the upper part of the coke combustion unit 21 is set to, for example, about 1300 ° C to 2000 ° C.

Further, the exhaust gas in the melting furnace 2 is supplied (sucked) from the flue 15 to the combustion chamber 3. The exhaust gas sucked into the combustion chamber 3 is heated again in the combustion chamber 3. As a result, the exhaust gas is further detoxified, the heat of the exhaust gas is exchanged for hot air by the heat exchanger 4, and the hot air is supplied to the air passages 31, 34, and 37.

The molten slag is discharged to the outside from the slag port 14 of the hearth 12. The coke 8, the incinerator ash 9, and the waste plastic are sequentially replenished from the charging bucket 100 into the melting furnace 2 to melt the incinerator ash 9. If the outlet 14 is blocked or the refractory of the hearth 12 is damaged due to the continuous operation of the melting furnace 2, the operation of the melting furnace 2 is temporarily stopped and the hearth 12 is lowered by the jack mechanism 64. At the same time, it is moved back and forth by the slide mechanism 61, and after the maintenance is completed, it is replaced with the waiting hearth 12.

According to the present embodiment, since the furnace main body 11 has a water cooling mechanism and no refractory material is used, it is possible to omit the time required for heat input to the refractory material when the furnace is started up or down, and the efficiency is high. The incineration ash can be melted.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the coke burning section 21 of the melting furnace 2 gradually decreases in cross-sectional area toward the lower end, thereby reducing the emission of heat dissipated from the coke burning section 21. Therefore, the thermal efficiency can be improved. Further, since the upper surface of the hearth 12 is an inclined surface 13, the molten slag can be smoothly and continuously discharged to the outside of the furnace.

Further, according to the present embodiment, since there are a plurality of hearths 12 and these can be easily replaced, the melting furnace 2 can be easily cleaned and the refractory bricks can be cleaned without stopping the melting furnace 2 for a long time. Maintenance such as re-covering can be performed.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can come up with various modifications or modifications within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims, and of course, the technical scope of the present invention also includes them. It is understood that it belongs to.

(Example of the present invention)
As shown in FIG. 2, a water-cooled jacket 17 capable of cooling the wall surface of the melting furnace 2 was provided, and the inside of the melting furnace 2 was subjected to melting treatment of incinerator ash by a melting treatment apparatus in which refractory bricks were provided only on the bottom of the furnace. .. The inner walls of the melting furnace 2 and the flue 15 were made of SS400. The outer wall of the melting furnace 2 was cooled by a shower ring with water at room temperature, and the flue portion was cooled by a water-cooled jacket in which the temperature of the cooling water was controlled at 50 to 55 ° C. The refractory bricks used for the furnace bottom were 65 mm thick, had a fire resistance of 1750 ° C., 47% alumina, and 43% silicon carbide.

As a result of the melting treatment in the melting furnace of the above specifications, continuous operation for one month was possible. In addition, it took two days to renew the melting furnace. It took 3 hours to remove the melting furnace and flue deposits. There was no water leakage problem from the water-cooled jacket for one year.

(Comparison example)
Instead of providing a water cooling mechanism with a shower ring or a water cooling jacket, refractory bricks were provided on the inner walls of the melting furnace and the flue, and the incinerator ash was melted in the same manner as in the example of the present invention.

As a result, continuous operation was possible for only two days due to the blockage of the melting furnace and flue. In addition, it took more than one month to renew the refractory bricks of the melting furnace. It took more than 24 hours to remove the melting furnace and flue deposits. Furthermore, when the melting process was restarted after the renewal work, a hole was opened in the flue due to wall thinning after one month of the treatment period, and water leakage occurred.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied as a melting furnace for melting incinerator ash when incinerating municipal waste or industrial waste.

1 Melting processing equipment 2 Melting furnace 3 Combustion chamber 4 Heat exchanger 8 Coke 9 Incineration ash 11 Furnace body 12 Hearth 13 Inclined surface 14 Outlet port 17 Water-cooled jacket 18 Outlet port holding member 19 V-shaped trough 21 Coke combustion unit 22 Incineration ash melting part 23 Exhaust gas combustion part 61 Slide mechanism 62 Guide rail 63 Wheel 64 Jack mechanism

Claims (6)

An incineration ash melting treatment apparatus equipped with a melting furnace having a coke combustion unit for burning coke, an incineration ash melting unit for melting incineration ash, and an exhaust gas combustion unit for burning exhaust gas.
The incinerator is characterized in that the furnace body of the melting furnace and the inner wall of the flue of the exhaust gas are formed only of a steel material, and also have a water cooling mechanism for cooling the furnace body and the outer wall of the flue. Ash melting treatment equipment. The incinerator ash melting treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling mechanism is either or both of a water cooling jacket and a shower ring. The incinerator ash melting treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the water cooling mechanism includes a control unit that controls the temperature of the supplied water. The melting furnace has a hearth that constitutes the bottom of the furnace and is provided with a slag port and is removable from the hearth. The incineration ash melting treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a jack mechanism capable of moving the hearth up and down. The incinerator ash melting treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a refractory material is provided on the bottom of the melting furnace. A slag-shaped outlet formed at the bottom of the furnace, a slag opening holding member provided around the slag opening on the outlet side of the slag opening, and the melting furnace from the outlet side of the slag opening. The incineration ash melting treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the slag portion is provided with a V-shaped slag provided toward the outside of the slag.

Images