JP6881892B2 - 固体電解質、全固体電池及び固体電解質の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解質、全固体電池及び固体電解質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018035 Li 1-x M1 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 44
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 sodium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002986 Li4Ti5O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002995 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
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Description
CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定において、2θ=15.42°±0.50°、17.87°±0.50°、25.48°±0.50°、30.01°±0.50°、31.38°±0.50°の位置にピークを有する。
Liを含む硫化物系固体電解質は、特許文献1−7に開示されているように様々な課題を解決すべく研究が行われているが、本質的にはイオン伝導度を高くする必要がある。現時点で最もイオン伝導度が高い(10−2S/cmのオーダー)と考えられるのは、特許文献7に開示されたGeを含む固体電解質であるが、これは金属リチウムにより分解されてしまうという不安定さを有している。金属リチウムに対して安定な固体電解質はイオン伝導度が10−4S/cmのオーダーのものが多いが、Li6−xPS5Clxという構造(Argyrodite)の硫化物系固体電解質は10−3S/cmのオーダーのイオン伝導度を有している。
まず,試薬Li2S、Na2S、P2S5、LiClを目的組成である(Li5.635Na0.115)PS4.75Cl1.25となるようにそれぞれ秤量後、遊星型ボールにて20時間混合を行うことでメカニカルミリング処理を行った。メカニカルミリング処理は、380rpmの回転速度、室温、アルゴン雰囲気内で20時間行った。
実施例2は、添加するNaの量及びそれに伴うLi量の変動のみが実施例1と異なっており、それ以外の材料組成、製法、測定方法等は実施例1と同じである。
実施例3は、添加するNaの量及びそれに伴うLi量の変動のみが実施例1と異なっており、それ以外の材料組成、製法、測定方法等は実施例1と同じである。
実施例4は、添加するNaの量及びそれに伴うLi量の変動のみが実施例1と異なっており、それ以外の材料組成、製法、測定方法等は実施例1と同じである。
比較例1は、アルカリ金属としてLiのみを含み、Naを含まない点のみが実施例1と異なっており、それ以外の材料組成、製法、測定方法等は実施例1と同じである。
比較例2は、添加するNaの量及びそれに伴うLi量の変動のみが実施例1と異なっており、それ以外の材料組成、製法、測定方法等は実施例1と同じである。
比較例3は、添加するNaの量及びそれに伴うLi量の変動のみが実施例1と異なっており、それ以外の材料組成、製法、測定方法等は実施例1と同じである。
比較例4は、添加するNaの量及びそれに伴うLi量の変動のみが実施例1と異なっており、それ以外の材料組成、製法、測定方法等は実施例1と同じである。
アルカリ金属としてLiのみを含み、Naを含まない固体電解質である比較例1の試料と比べると、Naを添加してカチオン比が0.01〜0.05の範囲内にある実施例1から4ではイオン伝導度が1.4倍から2.2倍になっており、イオン伝導度が確実に大きくなっている。一方、カチオン比が0.075〜0.15の範囲内にある比較例2〜4では、イオン伝導度が比較例1の0.0015倍から0.42倍となっており、Naを添加しすぎたために全てがArgyrodite内に入り込めず、不純物となってイオン伝導度の向上を阻害しているものと考えられる。
実施例5では、実施例2の固体電解質を用いて試験セルを作成して、その試験セルの電池特性を測定した。
比較例5では、比較例1の固体電解質を用いて試験セルを作成して、その試験セルの電池特性を測定した。試験セルの製法及び電池特性の測定方法は、実施例5と同じである。比較例5の特性及び内部抵抗は、図3〜図6においてHで示されている。
図3〜図5においては、0.05C、0.5C、1Cのいずれにおいても、実施例5の方が放電曲線が高電圧且つ高電気容量となっているのがわかる。特に放電電流が大きいほど、比較例5に比べて高電圧且つ高電気容量になっている。
上述の実施形態は本願発明の例示であって、本願発明はこれらの例に限定されず、これらの例に周知技術や慣用技術、公知技術を組み合わせたり、一部置き換えたりしてもよい。また当業者であれば容易に思いつく改変発明も本願発明に含まれる。
Claims (5)
- 全固体二次電池に用いられる固体電解質であって、
Li、S、P、M1元素及びM2元素を含有しており、
前記M1元素は、Na及びKの少なくとも一種であり、
前記M2元素は、Cl、Br、I及びFからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
前記Liと前記M1元素とのモル量における関係は、0.01≦M1/(Li+M1)≦0.07であり、
CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定において、2θ=15.42°±0.50°、17.87°±0.50°、25.48°±0.50°、30.01°±0.50°、31.38°±0.50°の位置にピークを有し、
(Li1−xM1x)7−yPS6−yM2y(0<x≦0.07、0<y≦2)の組成で表される、固体電解質。 - 前記M1元素はNaである、請求項1に記載されている固体電解質。
- CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定における2θ=30.01°±0.50°の位置のピーク強度をIA、33.65°±0.50°の位置のピーク強度をIBとしたときに、IB/IAが0.1未満である、請求項1または2に記載されている固体電解質。
- 正極活物質粒子を有する正極と、負極活物質粒子を有する負極と、請求項1から3のいずれか一つに記載されている固体電解質とを備えた全固体二次電池。
- 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一つに記載の固体電解質の製造方法であって、
Li2S、P2S5及びM12Sと、LiM2またはM1M2とを所定割合で含む原料混合物に対してメカニカルミリング処理を行ってガラスを得る工程と、
前記ガラスを当該ガラスのガラス転移点以上の温度で熱処理を行ってイオン伝導性ガラスセラミックスに変換する工程と
を含む、固体電解質の製造方法。
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KR1020160070973A KR102561098B1 (ko) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-08 | 고체 전해질, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지 |
US15/354,614 US11245131B2 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-17 | Solid electrolyte and lithium battery including the same |
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JP2017199631A (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | 出光興産株式会社 | 硫化物固体電解質、電極合材及びリチウムイオン電池 |
KR20240051321A (ko) | 2017-05-24 | 2024-04-19 | 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 | 이온 전도성 화합물 및 관련 용도 |
JP7577448B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-14 | 2024-11-05 | 出光興産株式会社 | 金属元素含有硫化物系固体電解質及びその製造方法 |
US10811726B2 (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2020-10-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Solid electrolyte for all-solid lithium secondary battery, all-solid lithium secondary battery, and method of preparing the solid electrolyte |
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