JP6878460B2 - 複素環カルボン酸アミド配位子および銅触媒によるハロゲン化アリールのカップリング反応におけるその使用 - Google Patents
複素環カルボン酸アミド配位子および銅触媒によるハロゲン化アリールのカップリング反応におけるその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6878460B2 JP6878460B2 JP2018554117A JP2018554117A JP6878460B2 JP 6878460 B2 JP6878460 B2 JP 6878460B2 JP 2018554117 A JP2018554117 A JP 2018554117A JP 2018554117 A JP2018554117 A JP 2018554117A JP 6878460 B2 JP6878460 B2 JP 6878460B2
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- 0 *c1c(cccc2)c2cc2c1cccc2 Chemical compound *c1c(cccc2)c2cc2c1cccc2 0.000 description 9
- HYFNGLKABYTLLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C(C1)C(CC[IH]C)NC1C(O)=O)I Chemical compound CN(C(C1)C(CC[IH]C)NC1C(O)=O)I HYFNGLKABYTLLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GADZSEOJQKAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1C(C(O)=O)NC(C[IH]C)C1N1[IH]C1 Chemical compound CN1C(C(O)=O)NC(C[IH]C)C1N1[IH]C1 GADZSEOJQKAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRGAYAGBVIXNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc(cc1)ccc1Cl Chemical compound COc(cc1)ccc1Cl YRGAYAGBVIXNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAZUCVUGWMQGMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc(cc1)ccc1S(C)(=O)=O Chemical compound COc(cc1)ccc1S(C)(=O)=O KAZUCVUGWMQGMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
このように、銅触媒による塩化アリールのカップリング反応は非常に重要な応用の将来性があり、適切な配位子はこの反応が発生できるキーになっている。本分野では、製造が簡単で、工業化応用に適し、反応を効率的に進行させる銅触媒による塩化アリールカップリング反応の触媒系がまだ欠けている。
R2は、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
R3はH、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基からなる群から選ばれる。
あるいは、R2およびR3はその隣接するN原子とともに3〜20員の飽和または不飽和の環(たとえば置換または無置換のピロール、インドール、アゾール、ベンゾアゾールおよび芳香族複素環)を形成している。)
R4は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R5は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R6は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R7は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R8は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R9は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
Aは3〜12員の飽和または不飽和の複素環基で、ここで、前記の複素環はそれぞれ独立にN、O、Sから選ばれる1〜4個のヘテロ原子を含有する。)
R2は、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
R3はH、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基からなる群から選ばれる。
あるいは、R2およびR3はその隣接するN原子とともに3〜20員の飽和または不飽和の環(たとえば置換または無置換のピロール、インドール、アゾール、ベンゾアゾールおよび芳香族複素環)を形成している。
ここで、前記のハロゲン化アリールは、塩化アリール、臭化アリール、ヨウ化アリール、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる)
(ただし、Xは、N、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれる。
Yは、Cl、Br、Iからなる群から選ばれる。
前記のカップリング試薬は、アンモニア水、アンモニアガス、アンモニウム塩(好ましくは塩化アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、リン酸水素アンモニウム、またはこれらの組み合わせ)/水酸化物溶液(好ましくは水酸化カリウム溶液)、
Rc、Rd、Reは、それぞれ独立にH、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルケニル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-C3〜20のシクロアルキル基、置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基あるいは、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。
あるいはRcとRdはともに置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基を形成している。
あるいはReとRdはともに置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基を形成している。
前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれ、前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
前記の置換とは、基における一つまたは複数の水素原子がハロゲン、シアノ基、酸素(すなわち、基の同一の炭素原子における2つの水素原子が=Oで置換される)、C1〜C6アルキル基、ハロゲン置換のC1〜C6アルキル基、C1〜C6アルコキシ基、C6〜C10のアリール基、C6〜C10のアリール基-オキシ基、C2〜C10のエステル基(アルキル基-COO-)、C2〜C10のアシル基-アルコキシ基(アルキル基-OOC-)、C2〜C10のアシル基(アルキル基-CO-)、C2〜C10のアミド基(アルキル基/アリール基-NHC(O)-)、-COOH、ニトロ基、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、1個または2個のC1〜C6のアルキル基で置換されたアミノ基、C1〜C6アルキル基-S-からなる群から選ばれる置換基で置換されることをいう。)
(1) 不活性溶媒で、
前記のアンモニア源は、アンモニアガス、アンモニア水、塩化アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸水素二アンモニウム、アジ化ナトリウム、好ましくはアンモニアガス、アンモニア水、塩化アンモニウムおよびリン酸水素二アンモニウムからなる群から選ばれる。)
もう一つの好適な例において、反応(2)では、前記の塩基は、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれ、最も好ましくはリン酸カリウムである。
もう一つの好適な例において、反応(2)では、前記のアンモニア源がアンモニウム塩である場合、前記の反応は、強塩基の存在下で行われる(好ましくはKOHの存在下で行われる)。
ここで、前記の銅触媒は、CuI、CuBr、CuCl、CuTc、Cu(OAc)2、CuSO4、Cu2O、CuBr2、CuCl2、CuO、CuSCN、CuCN、Cu(acac)2、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれ、好ましくはCuIで、
前記の塩基は、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウム、酢酸ナトリウム、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれ、好ましくはリン酸カリウム、炭酸セシウムで、
前記の溶媒は、DMSO、DMF、DMA、NMP、アセトニトリル、t-ブタノール、イソプロパノール、1,4-ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、DME、トルエン、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれ、好ましくはDMSOおよび/またはDMFならびに/またはDMEで、
前記の配位子は、下記の式(I)で表される構造を有する、
触媒系を提供する。
R2は、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
R3はH、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基からなる群から選ばれる。
あるいは、R2およびR3はその隣接するN原子とともに3〜20員の飽和または不飽和の環(たとえば置換または無置換のピロール、インドール、アゾール、ベンゾアゾールおよび芳香族複素環)を形成している。)
R4は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R5は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R6は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R7は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R8は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R9は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
Aは3〜12員の飽和または不飽和の複素環基で、ここで、前記の複素環はそれぞれ独立にN、O、Sから選ばれる1〜4個のヘテロ原子を含有する。)
方法(i)は、
方法(ii)は、
(ここで、各基の定義は、本発明の第四の側面に記載の通りである。)
本明細書で用いられるように、用語「ハロゲン」とは、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素を指す。
特別に説明しない限り、本明細書に記載の配位子とは、銅触媒による塩化アリールのカップリング反応に使用される配位子を指す。
R2は、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
R3はH、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基からなる群から選ばれる。
あるいは、R2およびR3はその隣接するN原子とともに3〜20員の飽和または不飽和の環(たとえば置換または無置換のピロール、インドール、アゾール、ベンゾアゾールおよび芳香族複素環)を形成している。)
R4は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R5は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R6は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R7は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R8は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。)
R9は、H、ニトロ基、ハロゲン、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、アルコキシ基(たとえばC1〜C6のアルキルオキシ基)、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
Aは3〜12員の飽和または不飽和の複素環基で、ここで、前記の複素環はそれぞれ独立にN、O、Sから選ばれる1〜4個のヘテロ原子を含有する。)
また、本発明は、塩化アリールのカップリング反応の方法であって、前記の式(I)化合物を配位子として使用して上記反応を行うことを含む方法を提供する。
1.複素環カルボン酸アミド配位子によって促進される銅触媒による塩化アリールのC-Nカップリング反応
上記反応において、カップリング試薬の選択は制限されず、相応する第一級アミンまたは第二級アミンでもよく、ほかのアンモニア源、たとえばアンモニアガス、アンモニア水、またアンモニウム塩、アジ化ナトリウムなどでもよい。具体的な反応過程が以下の通り
である。
カップリング試薬が第一級アミンまたは第二級アミンである場合、反応は以下の通りである。
Rc、Rdは、それぞれ独立にH、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
前記の置換とは、基における一つまたは複数の水素原子がハロゲン、C1〜C6アルキル基、C1〜C6アルコキシ基、C6〜C10のアリール基、C6〜C10のアリール基-オキシ基、C2〜C10のエステル基(アルキル基-COO-)、C2〜C10のアシル基(アルキル基-CO-)、C2〜C10のアミド基(アルキル基-NHC(O)-、アリール基-NHC(O)-)、-COOHからなる群から選ばれる置換基で置換されることをいう。
上記反応過程において、銅触媒は、CuI、CuBr、CuCl、CuTc、Cu(OAc)2、CuSO4、Cu2O、CuBr2、CuCl2、CuO、CuSCN、CuCN、Cu(acac)2でもよく、好ましくはCuIである。
前記の配位子は特に制限されないが、上記のいずれの配位子も、L53またはL103が好ましい。
好適な塩基は、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウムでもよく、好ましくはリン酸カリウム、炭酸セシウムで、最も好ましくはリン酸カリウムである。
溶媒は、DMSO、DMF、DMA、NMP、アセトニトリル、t-ブタノール、イソプロパノール、THF、1,4-ジオキサンでもよく、好ましくはDMSO、DMFで、最も好ましくはDMSOである。
反応温度は50〜180℃、好ましくは100〜130℃である。
前記のアンモニア源は、アンモニアガス、アンモニア水、塩化アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸水素二アンモニウム、アジ化ナトリウム、好ましくはアンモニアガス、アンモニア水、塩化アンモニウムおよびリン酸水素二アンモニウムからなる群から選ばれる。)
前記のアンモニア源がアンモニウム塩である場合、前記の反応は、強塩基の存在下で行われる(好ましくはKOHの存在下で行われる)。
銅触媒は、CuI、CuBr、CuCl、CuTc、Cu(OAc)2、CuSO4、Cu2O、CuBr2、CuCl2、CuO、CuSCN、CuCN、Cu(acac)2でもよく、好ましくはCuIである。
配位子は前記のいずれかで、好ましくはL13、L15またはL31である。
塩基は、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウムでもよく、好ましくは炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウムで、最も好ましくはリン酸カリウムである。
溶媒は、DMSO、DMF、DMA、NMP、アセトニトリル、t-ブタノール、イソプロパノール、THF、1,4-ジオキサンでもよく、好ましくはDMSO、DMFで、最も好ましくはDMSOである。
反応温度は50〜180℃、好ましくは100〜130℃である。
Rcは、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
前記の置換とは、基における一つまたは複数の水素原子がハロゲン、C1〜C6アルキル基、C1〜C6アルコキシ基、C6〜C10のアリール基、C6〜C10のアリール基-オキシ基、C2〜C10のエステル基(アルキル基-COO-)、C2〜C10のアシル基(アルキル基-CO-)、C2〜C10のアミド基(アルキル基-NHC(O)-、アリール基-NHC(O)-)、-COOH、-CN、MeS-、スルホン基、スルホアミド基からなる群から選ばれる置換基で置換されることをいう。
銅触媒は、CuI、CuBr、CuCl、CuTc、Cu(OAc)2、CuSO4、Cu2O、CuBr2、CuCl2、CuO、CuSCN、CuCN、Cu(acac)2でもよく、好ましくはCuIである。
配位子は前記のいずれかで、好ましくはL13、L15またはL35である。
塩基は、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウムでもよく、好ましくはリン酸カリウムである。
溶媒は、DMSO、DMF、DMA、NMP、アセトニトリル、t-ブタノール、イソプロパノール、THF、1,4-ジオキサンでもよく、好ましくはDMSOである。
反応温度は50〜180℃、好ましくは100〜130℃である。
Rcは、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、あるいは置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。ここで、前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環基にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれる。前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造でもよい。
前記の置換とは、基における一つまたは複数の水素原子がハロゲン、C1〜C6アルキル基、C1〜C6アルコキシ基、C6〜C10のアリール基、C6〜C10のアリール基-オキシ基、C2〜C10のエステル基(アルキル基-COO-)、C2〜C10のアシル基(アルキル基-CO-)、C2〜C10のアミド基(アルキル基-NHC(O)-、アリール基-NHC(O)-)、-COOH、-CN、MeS-、スルホン基、スルホアミド基からなる群から選ばれる置換基で置換されることをいう。
配位子は1に記載のいずれかで、好ましくはL-92、L-105である。
塩基は、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウムでもよく、好ましくはリン酸カリウムである。
溶媒は、DMSO、DMF、DMA、NMP、アセトニトリル、t-ブタノール、イソプロパノール、THF、1,4-ジオキサンでもよく、好ましくはDMSOである。
反応温度は50〜180℃、好ましくは100〜130℃である。
1.効率的に銅触媒による塩化アリールのカップリング反応を行うことができる触媒系を提供し、前記の触媒系は通常の臭化アリールとヨウ化アリールのカップリング系で行いにくい塩化アリールのカップリング反応が順調に進行するようにさせることができ、かつ基質の兼用性が良く、触媒系の適用範囲が幅広い。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.11 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.62 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.22 (br s, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 145.9, 131.0, 128.7, 115.1, 65.1; LC-MS (ESI, m/z): 124.1 (M + H)+.
10 mLの密封管にヨウ化第一銅(0.05 mmol)、配位子L-15(0.05または0.1 mmol)、リン酸カリウム(1.1 mmol)を入れ、真空に吸引してアルゴンガスで3回置換し、さらに塩化芳香族炭化水素(1.0 mmol)、1 mLのDMSOおよびアンモニア水(2.0 mmol)を入れ、110℃または120℃で反応させて均一に24時間撹拌し、冷却後水および酢酸エチルを入れ、分液し、水相を酢酸エチルで2回抽出し、有機層を合併し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮後カラムクロマトグラフィーにかけ、製品である芳香族アミンを得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.40 - 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.21 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.14 - 7.08 (m, 1H), 7.06 - 7.01 (m, 2H), 7.00 - 6.93 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 158.02, 154.91, 133.06, 130.45, 129.83, 122.98, 119.32, 118.53, 20.89
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.05 (s, 3H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (dd, J = 7.5, 2.1 Hz, 2H); EI-MS (m/z) 186 (M+)
10 mLの密封管に基質である臭化/ヨウ化芳香族炭化水素(1.0 mmol)、アミン(1.2 mmol)、ヨウ化第一銅(0.05 mmol)、配位子(0.05 mmol)、リン酸カリウム(1.0 mmol)を入れ、真空に吸引してアルゴンガスで3回置換した後1 mLのDMSOを入れ、80℃で反応させて均一に48時間撹拌し、冷却後酢酸エチルで密封管の内容物を洗浄し、かつシリカゲルおよび珪藻土のカートリッジでろ過し、ろ液を濃縮した後カラムクロマトグラフィーにかけ、産物である芳香族アミンを得た。得られた結果を下記表に示す。
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 2.32 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.47, 136.12, 134.34, 129.79, 129.39, 125.63, 114.89, 55.35, 45.84, 21.01, 8.66. ESI-MS m/z 231.4 (M + H)+
Claims (13)
- 前記反応では、前記配位子と反応物である前記ハロゲン化アリールのモル比は1〜50:100で、及び/または
前記配位子と前記銅触媒のモル比は1〜5:1である、ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記の反応は、
(ここで、Xは、NH、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれ、
Yは、Clからなる群から選ばれ、
前記のカップリング試薬は、アンモニア水、アンモニアガス、アンモニウム塩/水酸化物溶液、
Rc、Rd、Reは、それぞれ独立になし、H、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルキル基、置換または無置換のC1〜C6のアルケニル基、置換または無置換のC6〜C20のアリール基、置換または無置換の3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC7〜C25のアルキル基-アリール基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のC3〜C20のシクロアルキル基、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-C3〜20のシクロアルキル基、置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基あるいは、置換または無置換のC1〜C5アルキル基-3〜20員の複素環基からなる群から選ばれる。
あるいはRcとRdはともに置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基を形成している。
あるいはReとRdはともに置換または無置換の3〜20員の複素環基を形成している。
前記のヘテロアリール基または複素環にN、OまたはSからなる群から選ばれるヘテロ原子が1〜5個含まれ、前記のシクロアルキル基または複素環基は単環、多環、スピロ環または橋架け環の構造で、
前記の置換とは、基における一つまたは複数の水素原子がハロゲン、シアノ基、酸素(すなわち、基の同一の炭素原子における2つの水素原子が=Oで置換される)、C1〜C6アルキル基、ハロゲン置換のC1〜C6アルキル基、C1〜C6アルコキシ基、C6〜C10のアリール基、C6〜C10のアリール基-オキシ基、C2〜C10のエステル基(アルキル基-COO-)、C2〜C10のアシル基-アルコキシ基(アルキル基-OOC-)、C1〜C9のアルキル基-CO-、C2〜C10のアミド基(アルキル基/アリール基-NHC(O)-)、-COOH、ニトロ基、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、1個または2個のC1〜C6のアルキル基で置換されたアミノ基、C1〜C6アルキル基-S-からなる群から選ばれる置換基で置換されることをいう。) - 前記の反応温度は50〜180℃であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記の反応は、反応(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)または(5)であり、
前記反応(1)は、不活性溶媒で、
前記反応(2)は、不活性溶媒で、
前記のアンモニア源は、アンモニアガス、アンモニア水、塩化アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸水素二アンモニウム、アジ化ナトリウムからなる群から選ばれる。);
前記反応(3)は、不活性溶媒で、
前記反応(4)は、不活性溶媒で、
前記反応(5)は、不活性溶媒で、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記の銅触媒は、CuI、CuBr、CuCl、CuTc、Cu(OAc)2、CuSO4、Cu2O、CuBr2、CuCl2、CuO、CuSCN、CuCN、Cu(acac)2、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記の反応は塩基の存在下において行われることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- アリールカップリング反応の触媒であって、
前記反応系は銅触媒、配位子、塩基、および有機溶媒を含み、
前記銅触媒は、CuI、CuBr、CuCl、CuTc、Cu(OAc) 2 、CuSO 4 、Cu 2 O、CuBr 2 、CuCl 2 、CuO、CuSCN、CuCN、Cu(acac) 2 、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれ、
前記塩基は、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム、リン酸カリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、重炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウム、酢酸ナトリウム、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され、
前記有機溶媒は、DMSO、DMF、DMA、NMP、アセトニトリル、tert-ブタノール、イソプロパノール、1,4-ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、DME、トルエン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され、
前記配位子は、請求項10に記載の化合物である、
ことを特徴とする触媒。 - 前記塩基は、リン酸カリウムまたは炭酸セシウムであり、
前記有機溶媒は、DMSO、および/またはDMF、および/またはDMEである、請求項12に記載の触媒。
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