JP6837856B2 - Expandable admixture for exposed concrete and exposed concrete containing it - Google Patents
Expandable admixture for exposed concrete and exposed concrete containing it Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、主に建築分野に使用される打放しモルタルまたは打放しコンクリート（以下、モルタルを含めてコンクリートと云う）に使用する膨張性混和材に関し、詳しくは、表面仕上げを施さない打放しコンクリートに添加した場合において、肌荒れがなく、美観に優れた表面が得られる膨脹性混和材に関する。また、本発明は上記膨脹性混和材を用いた打放しコンクリートに関する。 The present invention relates to an expansive admixture used mainly for exposed mortar or exposed concrete (hereinafter referred to as concrete including mortar) used in the construction field, and more specifically, it is added to exposed concrete without surface finishing. In some cases, the present invention relates to a swellable admixture that provides an aesthetically pleasing surface without rough skin. The present invention also relates to exposed concrete using the above-mentioned expandable admixture.
従来から、コンクリートの収縮応力を緩和してひび割れの発生を抑制するために、コンクリートに膨張材等の膨張性混和材が使用されている。この膨張性混和材としては、遊離石灰の水和膨張を利用した石灰系膨張材（例えば特許文献１参照）、カルシウムサルホアルミネートなどのエトリンガイト生成物質を主成分としたエトリンガイト系膨脹材（例えば特許文献２参照）などが知られている。これら膨張材は、一般的に土木分野における一般構造物コンクリート、水理構造物などの構築、あるいはヒューム管やボックスカルバート等のコンクリート２次製品の製造に主に使用され、建築分野にはあまり多く使用されてこなかった。 Conventionally, an expandable admixture such as an expander has been used for concrete in order to alleviate the shrinkage stress of concrete and suppress the occurrence of cracks. Examples of this expandable admixture include a lime-based expander that utilizes the hydration expansion of free lime (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and an ettringite-based expander that contains an ettringite-producing substance such as calcium sulfoluminate as a main component (for example, patent). Reference 2) and the like are known. These expansion materials are generally used mainly in the construction of general structural concrete and hydraulic structures in the civil engineering field, or in the manufacture of secondary concrete products such as hume pipes and box culverts, and are not often used in the construction field. It has not been used.
しかし最近では、コンクリート用膨張性混和材が、コンクリートのひび割れの発生を抑制することから、建築分野においても使用されることが増えてきている。一方、従来のコンクリート用膨張性混和材は、コンクリートのひび割れの発生を抑制する効果はあるものの、打放しコンクリートに使用した場合に、コンクリート表面に小さな突起粒（０．５〜１ｍｍ程度）が多数発生し、俗に言う肌荒れの様相を呈し、コンクリート表面の美観を損ねるという問題を生じる場合がみられた。 Recently, however, expansive admixtures for concrete have been increasingly used in the construction field because they suppress the occurrence of cracks in concrete. On the other hand, although the conventional expansive admixture for concrete has the effect of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in concrete, when used for exposed concrete, a large number of small protrusions (about 0.5 to 1 mm) are generated on the concrete surface. However, in some cases, the appearance of rough skin was exhibited, causing a problem of spoiling the aesthetic appearance of the concrete surface.
特許文献３において、膨張性焼成物の粒子含有率を規定した、温度依存性の少ない膨張性混和材が提案されている。この中で、１５０μｍを超える粒子含有率が３％未満であることが、硬化コンクリートの表面に膨張性混和材の水和により生じた消石灰による斑点や膨らみが目視で分かり難いことから好ましいことが明示されている。しかしながら、実施例に記載の１５０μｍ超の粒子含有率を１％にしたとしても、米粒状の膨れ（俗に言うポップアウト）は抑制できても、肌荒れ面を完全になくすことはできない。 Patent Document 3 proposes an expandable admixture with less temperature dependence, which defines the particle content of the expandable fired product. Of these, it is clearly stated that it is preferable that the particle content exceeding 150 μm is less than 3% because spots and swelling due to slaked lime caused by hydration of the expandable admixture on the surface of the hardened concrete are difficult to visually recognize. Has been done. However, even if the particle content of more than 150 μm described in the examples is set to 1%, even if the swelling of rice particles (so-called pop-out) can be suppressed, the rough skin surface cannot be completely eliminated.
本発明は、従来の上記問題を解決したものであり、打放しコンクリートに使用した場合、コンクリートの表面の美観を損ねるような肌荒れがなく、従って、表面仕上げを行わなくともコンクリート表面の美観に優れる膨脹性混和材を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明は打放しコンクリートであって、膨張性混和材を含有しており、表面の肌荒れがなく、従って、コンクリート表面の美観に優れるコンクリートを提供することを目的とする。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and when used for exposed concrete, there is no rough skin that impairs the aesthetic appearance of the concrete surface, and therefore, swelling excellent in the aesthetic appearance of the concrete surface without surface finishing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sex admixture.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a concrete which is exposed concrete, contains an expandable admixture, has no rough surface, and therefore has an excellent aesthetic appearance on the concrete surface.
本発明者らは、前記課題解決のため鋭意検討した結果、特定粒度の膨張物質を含有することにより、前記課題を解決することを見出し、本発明を完成させた。本発明は、以下の〔１〕で表す膨張性混和材、並びに〔２〕で表す打放しコンクリートである。
〔１〕打放しコンクリートに使用する膨張性混和材であって、膨張物質を主体として、
粒径１５０μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が０．１質量％以下であり、
かつ、粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下であり、
さらに、粒径５３μｍ〜１００μｍの膨張物質の含有率が１５質量％以上３０質量％以下であり、
さらに、膨張物質のブレーン比表面積が、４０００ｃｍ ２ ／ｇ以下である
ことを特徴とする膨張性混和材。
〔２〕〔１〕に記載の膨張性混和材を含有する打放しコンクリート。
As a result of diligent studies for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by containing a swelling substance having a specific particle size, and have completed the present invention. The present invention is an expansive admixture represented by the following [1] and exposed concrete represented by [2].
[1] An expandable admixture used for exposed concrete, mainly composed of expansive substances.
The content of the expanding substance having a particle size of more than 150 μm is 0.1% by mass or less.
And state, and are content of 1.0 wt% or less of the expansion material a particle diameter exceeding 100 [mu] m,
Further, the content of the expanding substance having a particle size of 53 μm to 100 μm is 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
Furthermore, the Blaine specific surface area of the expansion material is expandable admixture, characterized in der Rukoto below 4000 cm 2 / g.
[ 2 ] Exposed concrete containing the expandable admixture according to [1].
本発明の膨張性混和材を打放しコンクリートに使用した場合、コンクリート表面の美観を損なうような肌荒れが実質的に発生しない。膨張性能も確保される。従って、膨張性混和材を添加した場合であっても、コンクリート表面の美観に優れた打放しコンクリートを形成することができる。 When the expansive admixture of the present invention is used for exposed concrete, rough skin that spoils the aesthetic appearance of the concrete surface does not substantially occur. Expansion performance is also ensured. Therefore, even when the expandable admixture is added, it is possible to form exposed concrete having an excellent aesthetic appearance on the concrete surface.
本発明の膨張性混和材は、打放しコンクリートに使用する膨張性混和材であって、膨張物質を主体として、粒径１５０μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が０．１質量％以下であり、かつ粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下である膨脹性混和材である。また、粒径５３μｍ〜１００μｍの膨張物質の含有率が１５％以上である膨張性混和材である。さらに、膨張物質のブレーン比表面積が４０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である膨張性混和材。 The expandable admixture of the present invention is an expandable admixture used for exposed concrete, and the content of the expandable substance having a particle size of more than 150 μm is 0.1% by mass or less and the grain size is 0.1% by mass or less. It is a swellable admixture having a content of a swelling substance having a diameter of more than 100 μm of 1.0% by mass or less. Further, it is an expandable admixture having a content of an expanding substance having a particle size of 53 μm to 100 μm of 15% or more. Further, an expandable admixture having a brain specific surface area of an expandable substance of 4000 cm 2 / g or less.
膨張性混和材に含まれる膨張物質が、粒径１５０μｍを超える膨脹物質の含有率が０．１％の場合、ポップアウトの発生を抑えることはできるが、０．５〜１ｍｍ程度の小さな突起粒（以下「小突起粒」と呼ぶことがある）の発生を十分に抑えることはできない。粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下とすることによって、コンクリート表面上の小突起粒の発生を抑制することができ、美観を損なう肌荒れのないコンクリート表面を得ることができる。 When the swelling substance contained in the swellable admixture contains 0.1% of the swelling substance having a particle size of more than 150 μm, the occurrence of pop-out can be suppressed, but small protrusions of about 0.5 to 1 mm are formed. It is not possible to sufficiently suppress the occurrence of (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "small protrusion grains"). By setting the content of the expanding substance having a particle size of more than 100 μm to 1.0% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress the generation of small protrusions on the concrete surface and obtain a concrete surface without rough skin that spoils the aesthetic appearance. it can.
また、本発明の膨張性混和材は、粒径５３μｍ〜１００μｍの膨張物質の含有率が１５％以上であることが好ましい。粒径５３〜１００μｍの含有率を１５％以上とすることによって、コンクリートを効果的に膨張させることができる。より好ましくは、１７％以上である。一方、含有率の上限は必ずしも限定されるものではないが、好ましくは４０％以下であり、より好ましくは３０％以下である。 Further, the expandable admixture of the present invention preferably has a content of an expanding substance having a particle size of 53 μm to 100 μm of 15% or more. By setting the content of the particle size of 53 to 100 μm to 15% or more, the concrete can be effectively expanded. More preferably, it is 17% or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content rate is not necessarily limited, but is preferably 40% or less, and more preferably 30% or less.
本発明の膨張性混和材に含まれる膨張物質について、その含有率は、日本工業規格（ ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２「骨材のふるい分け試験方法」） に準じて、当該粒径と同じ公称目開きの篩に留まる膨脹物質の質量から求めたものである。 Regarding the swelling substance contained in the swellable admixture of the present invention, the content rate thereof is in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS A 1102 "Aggregate sieving test method"), and the sieve has the same nominal opening as the particle size. It is obtained from the mass of the expanding substance that remains.
さらに、本発明の膨脹性混和材に含まれる膨張物質の粉末度は、ブレーン比表面積が、４０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下であることが好ましい。粉末度が４０００ｃｍ２／ｇより高くなると、膨張コンクリートのスランプロスに影響を及ぼす可能性があり、また、膨張性能も十分に得られない虞がある。より好ましくは３８００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である。ブレーン比表面積の下限としては、２０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上が好ましく、２３００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上がより好ましい。 Further, the powderiness of the swelling substance contained in the swellable admixture of the present invention preferably has a brain specific surface area of 4000 cm 2 / g or less. If the powderiness is higher than 4000 cm 2 / g, it may affect the slump loss of the expanded concrete, and the expansion performance may not be sufficiently obtained. More preferably, it is 3800 cm 2 / g or less. The lower limit of the Blaine specific surface area, preferably at least 2000cm 2 / g, 2300cm 2 / g or more is more preferable.
本発明の膨脹性混和材に含まれる膨張物質とは、セメント及び水とともに練混ぜた後、水和反応によって、水酸化カルシウムやエトリンガイト等を生成し、モルタルやコンクリートを膨張させる性能を有する物質であり、具体的には、生石灰、遊離石灰を含有する焼成物、アウィン（３ＣａＯ・３Ａｌ２Ｏ３・ＣａＳＯ４）等のカルシウムサルホアルミネート、カルシウムアルミノフェライト、カルシウムアルミノシリケート等が例示され、これらの一種または二種以上を用いることができる。これらのうち、生石灰や遊離石灰を含有する焼成物等の遊離石灰を含有する膨張物質、あるいは遊離石灰及とカルシウムサルホアルミネートとの両方を含む膨張物質が、少量で安定した高い膨張力を得やすいので好ましい。さらに、エトリンガイト等の生成を促し膨張効果を高めるために石膏が併用される場合には、この石膏も含めて膨張物質という。石膏としては無水石膏が好ましい。 The swelling substance contained in the swellable admixture of the present invention is a substance having the ability to swell mortar and concrete by producing calcium hydroxide, ettringite, etc. by a hydration reaction after kneading with cement and water. There, in particular, quicklime, calcined product containing free lime, calcium sulfoaluminate such Awin (3CaO · 3Al 2 O 3 · CaSO 4), calcium alumino ferrite, calcium aluminosilicate, etc. are exemplified, these One or more can be used. Of these, swelling substances containing free lime, such as calcined products containing quick lime and free lime, or swelling substances containing both free lime and calcium sulfoluminate, obtain stable and high swelling power with a small amount. It is preferable because it is easy. Further, when gypsum is used in combination to promote the production of ettringite or the like and enhance the swelling effect, the gypsum is also referred to as a swelling substance. Anhydrous gypsum is preferable as the gypsum.
本発明の膨張性混和材には、膨張物質以外に、本発明の効果を実質失わない範囲で、例えばモルタルやコンクリートに一般に使用されている混和材料を添加することができる。この混和材料として、例えば、減水剤、高性能減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤、流動化剤を含む減水剤、収縮低減剤、凝結促進剤、凝結遅延剤、急結剤（材）、急硬剤（材）、増粘剤、保水剤、防錆剤、空気連行剤、消泡剤、起泡剤、防水材、撥水剤、白華防止剤、顔料、セメント用ポリマー、発泡剤、水中不分離性混和剤、繊維、シリカフュームやフライアッシュ等のポゾラン、高炉スラグ粉末、セメント、石灰石粉末等の石粉等が挙げられる。これらの一種又は二種以上を本発明による効果を阻害しない範囲で使用することができる。 In addition to the expanding substance, an admixture generally used for, for example, mortar and concrete can be added to the expanding admixture of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not substantially lost. Examples of the admixture include a water reducing agent, a high-performance water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high-performance AE water reducing agent, a water reducing agent containing a fluidizing agent, a shrinkage reducing agent, a coagulation accelerator, a coagulation retarder, and a quick-setting agent (material). ), Hardener (material), thickener, water retention agent, rust preventive, air entraining agent, defoamer, foaming agent, waterproof material, water repellent, anti-whitening agent, pigment, polymer for cement, Examples thereof include foaming agents, inseparable admixtures in water, fibers, pozzolans such as silica fume and fly ash, stone powders such as blast furnace slag powder, cement and limestone powder. One or more of these can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
本発明の膨脹性混和材を製造する方法は限定されない。例えば、市販の膨張材を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように、篩や分級機で分級することによって製造する方法、市販の膨張材を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように粉砕機で粉砕することによって製造する方法、少なくとも上記膨張物質を含む原材料を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように粉砕機で粉砕、あるいは粉砕後分級することによって製造する方法、上記膨張物質を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように粉砕機で粉砕した粉砕物あるいは粉砕分級物に上記混和材料等を添加して製造する方法、これらを組み合わせた製造方法等によって製造することができる。 The method for producing the expandable admixture of the present invention is not limited. For example, a method of manufacturing a commercially available expansion material by classifying it with a sieve or a classifier so as to be the expandable admixture of the present invention, and a crusher for producing a commercially available expansion material so as to be the expandable admixture of the present invention. A method of producing by pulverizing with a pulverizer, a method of producing by pulverizing at least a raw material containing the swelling substance with a pulverizer so as to be the expandable admixture of the present invention, or by classifying after pulverization, the above-mentioned expanding substance of the present invention. It can be produced by a method of adding the above-mentioned admixture or the like to a pulverized product or a pulverized grade product crushed by a pulverizer so as to be a swellable admixture, or a production method combining these.
本発明の膨脹性混和材は、打放しコンクリートに混和して用いる。膨張性混和材のコンクリート中の配合量は、収縮補償（１５０×１０−６〜２５０×１０−６）を目的とした標準添加量の範囲に設定する。２０±１０ｋｇ／ｍ３とすることが、膨張率が安定し易く且つ膨張性混和材無添加のコンクリートに比べて強度低下が起こり難いことから好ましく、より好ましくは２０±５ｋｇ／ｍ３とする。 The expandable admixture of the present invention is used by mixing with exposed concrete. The blending amount of the expandable admixture in concrete is set in the range of the standard addition amount for the purpose of shrinkage compensation (150 × 10-6 to 250 × 10-6). It is preferable to set it to 20 ± 10 kg / m 3 , because the expansion rate is easy to stabilize and the strength is less likely to decrease as compared with concrete to which no expandable admixture is added, and more preferably 20 ± 5 kg / m 3 .
本発明の打放しコンクリートに使用するセメントは、水和反応により硬化する水硬性セメントであれば何れのものでも良く、例えば、普通、早強、超早強、低熱、中庸熱、白色等の各種ポルトランドセメント、エコセメント、各種ポルトランドセメントにフライアッシュ、高炉スラグ、シリカヒューム等を混合した各種混合セメント、カラーセメント、アルミナセメント、カルシウムアルミネート、カルシウムフェロアルミネート、カルシウムサルホアルミネート、カルシウムアルミネートシリケート等の急硬成分を主体とする急硬性セメント、超速硬セメント等を用いることができ、これらを単独で使用し、または二種以上を併用することができる。 The cement used for the exposed concrete of the present invention may be any water-hard cement that is hardened by a hydration reaction. For example, various Portland cements such as ordinary, early-strength, ultra-fast-strength, low-heat, moderate-heat, and white. Various mixed cements, such as cement, eco-cement, various Portland cement mixed with fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, etc., color cement, alumina cement, calcium aluminate, calcium ferroaluminate, calcium salphoaluminate, calcium aluminate silicate, etc. Hard-hardening cement, ultra-fast-hardening cement, etc., which are mainly composed of the hard-hardening component of the above, can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明の打放しコンクリートに使用する骨材は制限されず、例えば、川砂、陸砂、海砂、砕砂、珪砂、川砂利、陸砂利、砕石及び人工骨材等の一般に使用されるものを用いることができる。これらは一種または二種以上を併用することができる。 The aggregate used for the exposed concrete of the present invention is not limited, and for example, commonly used materials such as river sand, land sand, sea sand, crushed sand, silica sand, river gravel, land gravel, crushed stone and artificial aggregate should be used. Can be done. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明の打放しコンクリートには、本発明の膨脹性混和材、および骨材、水以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、通常のモルタルやコンクリートに使用できる混和材料を添加することができる。この混和材料としては、例えば、高性能減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、流動化剤を含む減水剤、防水材（剤）、急結剤（材）、急硬剤（材）、顔料、撥水剤、発泡剤、起泡剤、消泡剤、遅延剤、硬化促進剤、収縮低減剤、増粘剤、水和熱抑制剤、保水剤、防錆剤、水中不分離性混和剤、セメント用ポリマー、石粉、粘土鉱物粉末、スラグ粉末、フライアッシュ、繊維、シリカフューム、フィラー等が挙げられ、これらの一種または二種以上を本発明による効果を阻害しない範囲で使用することができる。なお、本発明の膨張性混和材などを配合した打放しコンクリートの製造方法および使用方法は限定されない。 In addition to the expandable admixture of the present invention, aggregate, and water, admixtures that can be used for ordinary mortar and concrete can be added to the exposed concrete of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. .. Examples of the admixture include a high-performance water reducing agent, a high-performance AE water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a water reducing agent containing a fluidizing agent, a waterproof material (agent), a quick-setting agent (material), and a quick-hardening agent (material). , Pigment, water repellent, foaming agent, foaming agent, defoamer, retarder, hardening accelerator, shrinkage reducing agent, thickener, heat hydration inhibitor, water retention agent, rust preventive, inseparable in water Examples thereof include admixtures, polymers for cement, stone powder, clay mineral powder, slag powder, fly ash, fibers, silica fumes, fillers, etc., and one or more of these may be used within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. it can. The method for producing and using the exposed concrete containing the expandable admixture of the present invention is not limited.
本発明の膨張性混和材を配合した打放しコンクリートによって、コンクリート表面に小突起粒が少なく、いわゆる肌荒れがなく美観に優れた建造物を形成することができる。 By the exposed concrete containing the expandable admixture of the present invention, it is possible to form a structure having few small protrusions on the concrete surface, so-called rough skin, and excellent appearance.
以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と共に示す。ただし、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be shown together with comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
〔膨張性混和材の調整１〕
市販の石灰系膨張材またはエトリンガイト・石灰複合系膨張材を、日本工業規格に規定する試験用網篩（目開き５３μｍ、１００μｍ、１２５μｍ及び１５０μｍ）を用いて篩い分けを行い、表１に示す粒度分布の膨脹性混和材（本発明品Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、参考品Ｅ）を得た。
[Adjustment of expandable admixture 1]
Commercially available lime-based swelling materials or ettringite-lime composite swelling materials are sieved using a test mesh sieve (opening 53 μm, 100 μm, 125 μm and 150 μm) specified in Japanese Industrial Standards, and the particle size shown in Table 1 is shown. A distributed swellable admixture (Products A, B, D of the present invention, Reference product E) was obtained.
〔膨張性混和材の調整２〕
珪石、バン土頁岩、酸化鉄、無水石膏及び工業用生石灰の混合物を、電気炉にて１４００℃で焼成し、遊離生石灰が７５質量％、エーライト（３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ２）が１５質量％、無水石膏（ＣａＳＯ４）が１０質量％含有する膨張性焼成物を得た。この膨張性焼成物をボールミルで粉砕し、上記と同様の篩を用いて篩い分けを行い膨張性混和材（本発明品Ｃ、参考品Ｆ）とした。
[Adjustment of expandable admixture 2]
A mixture of silica stone, van slab, iron oxide, anhydrous gypsum and industrial quicklime was fired in an electric furnace at 1400 ° C., and free quicklime was 75% by mass, alite (3CaO · SiO 2 ) was 15% by mass, and anhydrous. An expansive calcined product containing 10% by mass of gypsum (CaSO 4) was obtained. This expandable fired product was crushed with a ball mill and sieved using the same sieve as above to obtain an expandable admixture (product C of the present invention, reference product F).
〔膨張コンクリートの製造〕
上記の膨張性混和材（ＥＸ）と、下記に示す使用材料を用い、表２に示すコンクリート配合で膨張コンクリートを製造した。
[Manufacturing of expanded concrete]
Using the above-mentioned expandable admixture (EX) and the materials used below, expanded concrete was produced with the concrete composition shown in Table 2.
〔使用材料〕
セメント（Ｃ）： 普通ポルトランドセメント（ 太平洋セメント社製品）
粗骨材（Ｇ）： 栃木県産砕石（表乾密度２．６５ｇ／ｃｍ３）
細骨材（Ｓ）： 静岡県産陸砂（表乾密度２．６０ｇ／ｃｍ３）
減水剤（Ａｄ）： リグニンスルホン酸系ＡＥ減水剤
水（Ｗ）： 水道水
[Material used]
Cement (C): Ordinary Portland cement (Taheiyo Cement product)
Coarse aggregate (G): Crushed stone from Tochigi prefecture (surface dry density 2.65 g / cm 3 )
Fine aggregate (S): Land sand from Shizuoka prefecture (surface dry density 2.60 g / cm 3 )
Water reducing agent (Ad): Lignin sulfonic acid-based AE water reducing agent water (W): Tap water
〔コンクリートの製造方法〕
コンクリートの練り混ぜは、固体の材料（セメント、骨材及び膨張性混和材）をコンクリートミキサに投入後３０秒間混合（空練り）し、その後液体の材料（水、減水剤）をミキサ内に投入し、合計１２０秒間混合（本練り）した。本練りは、６０秒間混合後、一度ミキサを止めてミキサに付着したセメントを掻き落とした後、更に６０秒間混合することとした。
[Concrete manufacturing method]
To knead concrete, solid materials (cement, aggregate and expansive admixture) are put into a concrete mixer, mixed for 30 seconds (empty kneading), and then liquid materials (water, water reducing agent) are put into the mixer. Then, the mixture was mixed (mainly kneaded) for a total of 120 seconds. In the main kneading, after mixing for 60 seconds, the mixer was stopped once to scrape off the cement adhering to the mixer, and then the mixture was mixed for another 60 seconds.
〔評価試験〕
作製したコンクリートの評価試験として、以下に示す通り、膨張率試験、スランプロス試験および肌面評価試験を行った。
（１）膨張率評価試験
ＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０２「コンクリート用膨張性混和材」のＡ法に準じて試験を行い、材齢７日の拘束膨張率を求めた。
（２）スランプロス試験
ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０１「コンクリートのスランプ試験方法」に準拠して試験を行い、練混ぜ直後と３０分経過後のスランプを測定し、スランプロスを評価した。
（３）肌面評価試験
材齢２８日のコンクリート供試体の肌面を、目視と指触により評価した。
〔Evaluation test〕
As the evaluation test of the produced concrete, the expansion coefficient test, the slump loss test and the skin surface evaluation test were carried out as shown below.
(1) Expansion rate evaluation test A test was conducted in accordance with Method A of JIS A 6202 "Expandable admixture for concrete" to determine the constrained expansion rate at 7 days of age.
(2) Slump loss test A test was conducted in accordance with JIS A 1101 "Concrete slump test method", and the slump was measured immediately after kneading and after 30 minutes to evaluate the slump loss.
(3) Skin surface evaluation test material The skin surface of a 28-day-old concrete specimen was evaluated visually and by touch.
〔試験結果〕
試験結果を表３に示す。
本発明品の膨張性混和材を用いたコンクリート（実施例１〜４）の肌面は、いずれも小突起粒がほとんどみられず、きれいな肌面を呈していた。図１に実施例１のコンクリート表面の写真を示す。
一方、本発明品によらない膨張性混和材を用いた比較例１および２のコンクリートは、小突起粒が目立ち、指触もざらついた感触を呈し、いわゆる肌荒れ現象が認められた。図２に比較例１のコンクリート表面の写真を示す。
なお、比較例３のコンクリートは、肌荒れ現象は認められなかったが、スランプロスが大きく、また材齢７日の膨張率が１５６×１０−６と低い結果となった。
〔Test results〕
The test results are shown in Table 3.
On the skin surface of the concrete (Examples 1 to 4) using the expandable admixture of the present invention, almost no small protrusions were observed, and the skin surface was clean. FIG. 1 shows a photograph of the concrete surface of Example 1.
On the other hand, in the concretes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using the expandable admixture not according to the product of the present invention, small protrusions were conspicuous and the finger touch was rough, and a so-called rough skin phenomenon was observed. FIG. 2 shows a photograph of the concrete surface of Comparative Example 1.
Although no rough skin phenomenon was observed in the concrete of Comparative Example 3, the result was that the slump loss was large and the expansion coefficient at 7 days of age was as low as 156 × 10-6.
Claims (2)
粒径１５０μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が０．１質量％以下であり、
かつ、粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下であり、
さらに、粒径５３μｍ〜１００μｍの膨張物質の含有率が１５質量％以上３０質量％以下であり、
さらに、膨張物質のブレーン比表面積が、４０００ｃｍ ２ ／ｇ以下であることを特徴とする膨張性混和材。 An expansive admixture used for exposed concrete, mainly composed of expansive substances.
The content of the expanding substance having a particle size of more than 150 μm is 0.1% by mass or less.
And state, and are content of 1.0 wt% or less of the expansion material a particle diameter exceeding 100 [mu] m,
Further, the content of the expanding substance having a particle size of 53 μm to 100 μm is 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
Furthermore, the Blaine specific surface area of the expansion material is expandable admixture, characterized in der Rukoto below 4000 cm 2 / g.
An exposed concrete containing the expandable admixture according to claim 1.
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