JP6743735B2 - 自動傾斜車両 - Google Patents
自動傾斜車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6743735B2 JP6743735B2 JP2017053346A JP2017053346A JP6743735B2 JP 6743735 B2 JP6743735 B2 JP 6743735B2 JP 2017053346 A JP2017053346 A JP 2017053346A JP 2017053346 A JP2017053346 A JP 2017053346A JP 6743735 B2 JP6743735 B2 JP 6743735B2
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Description
自動傾斜車両、特に傾斜可能な角度範囲が大きい改良型の自動傾斜車両においては、以下に説明するように、アクチュエータによる消費エネルギが大きく、車両の傾斜角を必ずしも正確に目標傾斜角に制御することができないという課題がある。本願発明者は、この課題について鋭意検討を行った結果、車両の旋回時に車輪にはそれらの位置を車両の直進走行時のような標準状態における位置へ戻そうとするジャイロモーメントが作用することが原因であることを究明した。
本発明によれば、横方向に隔置された一対の前輪(12L、12R)と、少なくとも一つの転舵可能な後輪(14)と、車両傾斜装置(18)と、制御装置(20)とを含む自動傾斜車両(10)であって、一対の前輪は、それぞれ対応するナックル(16L、16R)により回転可能に支持されており、車両傾斜装置は、前後方向に延在する揺動軸線(34)の周りに揺動する揺動部材(36)と、揺動軸線の周りに揺動部材を揺動させる傾斜アクチュエータ(38)と、一対のタイロッド(40L、40R)とを含み、一対のタイロッドは揺動軸線に対し横方向両側において上端の枢着部(42L、42R)にて揺動部材に枢着され且つ下端の枢着部(44L、44R)にて対応するナックルに枢着されており、傾斜アクチュエータはサスペンションスプリング(50)を介して車体(24)に連結されており、制御装置は、車両を旋回内側へ傾斜させるための車両の目標傾斜角(θt)を演算し、車両の傾斜角(θ)が目標傾斜角になるように傾斜アクチュエータを制御するよう構成された自動傾斜車両が提供される。
本発明の一つの態様においては、制御装置(20)は、少なくとも一対の前輪について車輪速度、車両のヨーレート(Yr)及び車両の傾斜角(θ)に基づいてジャイロモーメント(Mjff)を演算するよう構成される。
図1乃至図4において、本発明の第一の実施形態にかかる自動傾斜車両10は、非操舵駆動輪である一対の前輪12L及び12Rと、操舵従動輪である一つの後輪14とを含む定員1名の三輪車両である。前輪12L及び12Rは、横方向に互いに隔置され、それぞれ対応するナックル(車輪キャリア)16L及び16Rにより回転軸線(図示せず)の周りに回転可能に支持されている。
次に、図7に示されたフローチャートを参照して第一の実施形態における車両の傾斜角制御ルーチンについて説明する。なお、図7に示されたフローチャートによる傾斜角の制御は、図には示されていないイグニッションスイッチがオンであるときに所定の時間毎に繰返し実行される。
Yrfl=Yrfr=Yrr=Yr・cosθ (1)
Yrfl=Yr・cos(θ-θc) (2)
Yrfr=Yr・cos(θ+θc) (3)
Mjff=If(ωfl・Yrfl+ωfr・Yrfr)/2 (4)
Mjr=If・ωr・Yrr・|cosδr|/2 (5)
Gj={M/(Mjff+Mjr)}Lg (6)
H=H0・cosθ (7)
Rt=Rt0・cosθ (8)
θt=tan−1{(Gyt+Gj)/G} (9)
次に、図8に示されたフローチャートを参照して第一の実施形態における後輪の転舵角制御ルーチンについて説明する。なお、図8に示されたフローチャートによる転舵角の制御も、図には示されていないイグニッションスイッチがオンであるときに所定の時間毎に繰返し実行される。
δrt=tan−1(L・Gyt/V2) …(10)
Δrt=δrmax・signδrt (11)
前述のように、従来の自動傾斜車両、特に改良型の自動傾斜車両においては、車輪に作用するジャイロモーメントの影響により、傾斜アクチュエータの消費エネルギが大きい。更に、車両の傾斜角θを精度よく車両の目標傾斜角θtに制御することが困難であり、車両の傾斜角の制御性がよくないという問題がある。図14、図16及び図17を参照して、これらの問題について説明する。
θt=tan−1(Gyt/G) (12)
第一の実施形態においては、車両の目標傾斜角θtは、上記式(9)に従って演算されることにより、ジャイロモーメントに起因する横加速度Gjが考慮された従来よりも好ましい値に演算される。目標傾斜角θt、車両10の目標横加速度Gyt、ジャイロモーメントに起因する横加速度Gj及び重力加速度Gの関係は、図17に示されている通りである。ジャイロモーメントに起因する横加速度Gjはジャイロモーメントに起因する横力Fjに対応している(Gj=Fj/M)。よって、目標傾斜角θt、遠心力をFy、ジャイロモーメントに起因する横力をFj及び重力Fgの関係は、図9に示されている通りである。
図18は、本発明による自動傾斜車両の第二の実施形態における車両の傾斜角の制御制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。なお、図18において、図7に示されたステップと同一のステップには、図7において付されたステップ番号と同一のステップ番号が付されている。また、車両の傾斜角の制御制御ルーチン及び後輪の舵角の制御ルーチン以外に関する第二の実施形態の構成は、上述の第一の実施形態の構成と同一である。
図19は、本発明による自動傾斜車両の第三の実施形態を示す概略構成図である。なお、図19において図1に示された部材と同一の部材には図1において付された符号と同一の符号が付されている。
Claims (5)
- 横方向に隔置された一対の前輪と、少なくとも一つの転舵可能な後輪と、車両傾斜装置と、制御装置とを含む自動傾斜車両であって、前記一対の前輪は、それぞれ対応するナックルにより回転可能に支持されており、前記車両傾斜装置は、前後方向に延在する揺動軸線の周りに揺動する揺動部材と、前記揺動軸線の周りに前記揺動部材を揺動させる傾斜アクチュエータと、一対のタイロッドとを含み、前記一対のタイロッドは前記揺動軸線に対し横方向両側において上端の枢着部にて前記揺動部材に枢着され且つ下端の枢着部にて対応するナックルに枢着されており、前記傾斜アクチュエータはサスペンションスプリングを介して車体に連結されており、前記制御装置は、車両を旋回内側へ傾斜させるための車両の目標傾斜角を演算し、車両の傾斜角が前記目標傾斜角になるように前記傾斜アクチュエータを制御するよう構成された自動傾斜車両において、
前記制御装置は、運転者の操舵操作量及び車速に基づいて車両の目標横加速度を演算し、少なくとも前記一対の前輪について車輪速度及び前記車両のヨーレートに基づいてジャイロモーメントを演算し、前記ジャイロモーメントに起因する車両の横加速度を推定し、前記目標横加速度及び前記ジャイロモーメントに起因する横加速度の和に基づいて車両の前記目標傾斜角を演算するよう構成された自動傾斜車両。 - 請求項1に記載の車両の自動傾斜車両において、前記制御装置は、少なくとも前記一対の前輪について車輪速度、前記車両のヨーレート及び前記車両の傾斜角に基づいて前記ジャイロモーメントを演算するよう構成された自動傾斜車両。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の車両の自動傾斜車両において、前記車両は、乗員により操作され前記車両の目標傾斜角の大きさを予め設定された許容最大傾斜角以下に制限するか否かを設定する設定装置を有し、前記制御装置は、前記設定装置が前記目標傾斜角の大きさを制限する設定である状況において、前記目標傾斜角の大きさが前記許容最大傾斜角を越えるときには、前記目標傾斜角を前記許容最大傾斜角に制限するよう構成された自動傾斜車両。
- 請求項3に記載の車両の自動傾斜車両において、前記制御装置は、前記設定装置が前記目標傾斜角の大きさを制限する設定である状況においては、前記車輪速度、前記ジャイロモーメント及び前記ジャイロモーメントに起因する車両の横加速度の何れかをローパスフィルタ処理するよう構成された自動傾斜車両。
- 請求項4に記載の車両の自動傾斜車両において、前記制御装置は、前記設定装置が前記目標傾斜角の大きさを制限する設定でない状況においても、前記車輪速度、前記ジャイロモーメント及び前記ジャイロモーメントに起因する車両の横加速度の何れかをローパスフィルタ処理するよう構成され、前記設定装置が前記目標傾斜角の大きさを制限する設定である状況における前記ローパスフィルタ処理のカットオフ周波数は、前記設定装置が前記目標傾斜角の大きさを制限する設定でない状況における前記ローパスフィルタ処理のカットオフ周波数よりも低い値に設定された自動傾斜車両。
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