JP6625143B2 - 自動車の内燃機関用の排気ガス後処理装置 - Google Patents
自動車の内燃機関用の排気ガス後処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
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- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
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- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
- B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/93—Arrangements, nature or configuration of flow guiding elements
- B01F2025/931—Flow guiding elements surrounding feed openings, e.g. jet nozzles
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F01N2490/02—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes
- F01N2490/06—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes the gases flowing longitudinally from inlet to outlet in opposite directions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
図1は、自動車の内燃機関用の第1の実施形態に係る排気ガス後処理装置の概略断面図である。内燃機関は、例えば、ディーゼルエンジンとして形成され、自動車の駆動に用いられる。排気ガス後処理装置は、内燃機関の排気ガスにより貫流可能であり全体で12と表示された排気ガス流路を備える少なくとも1つの排気ガス誘導要素10を含む。排気ガス流路12は、排気ガス誘導要素10の混合管14内に延在し、その混合管14は、特に排気ガスの還元剤との混合に用いられる。
図9は、排気ガス後処理装置の第2の実施形態を概略部分断面図で示す。図9から、気流分配要素28及び46に排気ガスが排気ガス管94を使用して供給されていることが認識でき、図9で、排気ガス管94を通過する排気ガスの気流は、矢印96で具体的に示されている。図9で方向矢印34及び36により具体的に示されているように、矢印96により具体的に示された排気ガスの気流は、気流分配要素28を使用して、方向矢印34により具体的に示された第1の分配気流、及び方向矢印36により具体的に示された第2の分配気流に分割される。
y1/x1>tan(α/2)
y2/x2>tan(α/2)
y3/x3>tan(α/2)
y4/x4>tan(α/2)
図10は、排気ガス後処理装置あるいは排気ガス誘導要素10の第3の実施形態を概略部分断面斜視図で示す。第3の実施形態では、排気ガスにより貫流可能な排気ガス流路12の少なくとも一部分がらせん形状に、つまりスパイラル形あるいは渦巻形に延びることが提供されている。特に、分配流路30及び32のうち少なくとも1つ及び/又は副流路48、50、及び52のうち少なくとも1つがらせん形状に延びることが考えられる。更に、分配要素98を使用して引き起こされた上記の副分配により、更なる2つの副流路が作り出されており、その結果、代替的又は追加的に、更なる副流路のうち1つが少なくとも実質的にらせん形状に延びる、つまり渦巻形あるいはスパイラル形に延びることが考えられる。排気ガス流路12の少なくとも一部分のこのらせん形状の形態により、排気ガス流路12のこのらせん形状の部分は、中心軸線26の方向に、つまり内側に向かって細くなる。言い換えると、第3の実施形態では、排気ガス誘導要素10の少なくとも一部分が、つまり排気ガス流路12の少なくとも一部分が、幾何学的な円錐形状あるいはらせん形状を有することが提供されている。このらせん形状部は、図10で特に良好に認識でき、図10では106と表示され、らせん形状部106は、例えば、第1の実施形態において設けられた部分領域30である。
12 排気ガス流路
14 混合管
16 計量装置
18 供給位置
20 粒子フィルタ
22 捕集チャンバ
24 噴射
26 中心軸線
28 第1の気流分配要素
30 第1の分配流路
32 第2の分配流路
34 方向矢印
36 方向矢印
38 第1の流路領域
40 隔壁領域
42 第1の側面
44 第2の側面
46 第2の気流分配要素
48 第1の副流路
50 第2の副流路
52 第3の副流路
54 第2の流路領域
56 方向矢印
58 方向矢印
60 方向矢印
62 第1の表面領域
64 第1の部分
66 内側
68 第2の表面領域
70 第2の部分
72 第3の部分
74 第3の表面領域
76 第4の表面領域
78 第5の表面領域
80 第6の表面領域
82 方向矢印
84 第2の副気流
86 第3の副気流
88 平板羽根
90 湾曲羽根
91 方向矢印
92 方向矢印
94 排気ガス管
96 矢印
98 分配要素
100 矢印
102 矢印
104 環状間隙
106 らせん形状部
B 領域
C 領域
D 領域
E 領域
Claims (11)
- 自動車の内燃機関用の排気ガス後処理装置であって、前記内燃機関の排気ガスが流れる少なくとも1つの排気ガス流路(12)を備える少なくとも1つの排気ガス誘導要素(10)を備え、少なくとも1つの供給位置(18)で前記排気ガスの脱硝のために還元剤を前記排気ガス流路(12)に投入可能な計量装置(16)を備え、前記排気ガス流路(12)に設けられ、前記排気ガス流路(12)を、前記排気ガスの第1の分配気流が流れる第1の分配流路(30)と、前記排気ガスの第2の分配気流が流れ、かつ前記供給位置が設けられる第2の分配流路(32)とに分ける第1の気流分配要素(28)を備え、前記第1の気流分配要素(28)は、前記第2の分配気流が流れ、前記第2の分配気流の流れ方向に拡大する第1の流路領域(38)を備え、前記第2の分配流路(32)に、前記供給位置(18)が備えられた第2の気流分配要素(46)が備えられた排気ガス後処理装置において、
前記第2の気流分配要素(46)により、前記第2の分配流路(32)は、前記排気ガスの第1の副気流が流れる第1の副流路(48)と、前記排気ガスの第2の副気流(84)が流れる第2の副流路(50)と、前記排気ガスの第3の副気流(86)が流れ、前記第1の副流路(48)と前記第2の副流路(50)の間に設けられる第3の副流路(52)とに分けられ、前記第2の気流分配要素(46)は、前記第2及び第3の副気流(84、86)が流れ、前記第2及び第3の副気流(84、86)の流れ方向に筒状もしくは拡大する第2の流路領域(54)を備え、前記第1の気流分配要素(28)の前記第1の流路領域(38)は、前記還元剤の射出方向に沿って拡大することを特徴とする、排気ガス後処理装置。 - 前記還元剤は、前記計量装置(16)により、その円錐角が少なくとも20度ある噴霧円錐(24)に形成されながら、前記排気ガス流路(12)に投入可能であり、前記気流分配要素(28、46)は、前記噴霧円錐(24)の外側に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記排気ガスが流れる前記排気ガス流路(12)の少なくとも一部分は、らせん形状に延びることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記還元剤は、噴射方向で前記第2の分配流路(32)に投入可能であり、前記流路領域(38、54)はそれぞれ、前記噴射方向に沿って拡大することを特徴とする、請求項1〜請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記還元剤は、前記噴霧円錐(24)を形成しながら、前記噴射方向と一致する仮想直線(26)に沿って前記第2の分配流路(32)に投入可能であり、前記流路領域(38、54)はそれぞれ、前記直線(26)に対して同軸に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記第1の分配流路(30)は、前記第1の気流分配要素(28)の第1の表面領域(62)と、前記第1の表面領域(62)に対向する前記排気ガス誘導要素(10)の内側(66)の第1の部分(64)とにより区画されており、
前記第2の分配流路(32)は、前記第1の表面領域(62)とは反対側の前記第1の気流分配要素(28)の第2の表面領域(68)と、前記第2の表面領域(68)に対向する前記排気ガス誘導要素(10)の内側(66)の第2の部分(70)とにより区画されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス後処理装置。 - 前記第1の副流路(48)は、前記第1の気流分配要素(28)の前記第2の表面領域(68)の第3の部分(72)と、前記第3の部分(72)に対向する前記第2の気流分配要素(46)の前記第3の表面領域(74)とにより区画されており、
前記第3の副流路(52)は、前記第3の表面領域(74)とは反対側の前記第2の気流分配要素(46)の第4の表面領域(76)と、前記第4の表面領域(76)に対向する前記第2の気流分配要素(46)の第5の表面領域(78)とにより区画されていることを特徴とする、請求項6記載の排気ガス後処理装置。 - 前記第2の副流路(50)は、前記第5の表面領域(78)とは反対側の前記第2の気流分配要素(46)の第6の表面領域(80)と、前記第6の表面領域(80)に対向する前記排気ガス誘導要素(10)の前記内側(66)の前記第2の部分(70)の部分領域とにより区画されていることを特徴とする、請求項7記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記第3の副流路(52)に、平板誘導要素(88)が前記排気ガスの誘導のために割り当てられていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記排気ガスの少なくとも一部分において渦流形の気流を引き起こすために湾曲誘導要素(90)が設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記気流分配要素(28、46)のうち少なくとも1つ、特に前記第1の気流分配要素(28)は、その内側に、それぞれの分配気流又は副気流の流れ方向で細くなる第1の長手方向領域(110)及びそこから続いて流れ方向で拡大する第2の長手方向領域(112)を有する拡散部(108)の輪郭を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1〜請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス後処理装置。
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