JP6613252B2 - 光電変換素子 - Google Patents
光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6613252B2 JP6613252B2 JP2016574758A JP2016574758A JP6613252B2 JP 6613252 B2 JP6613252 B2 JP 6613252B2 JP 2016574758 A JP2016574758 A JP 2016574758A JP 2016574758 A JP2016574758 A JP 2016574758A JP 6613252 B2 JP6613252 B2 JP 6613252B2
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor layer
- amorphous semiconductor
- type amorphous
- photoelectric conversion
- film
- Prior art date
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 186
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 610
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 175
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 513
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 94
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 71
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 39
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 27
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 24
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 19
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AUEPDNOBDJYBBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[C-]#[O+] Chemical compound [Si].[C-]#[O+] AUEPDNOBDJYBBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023882 Endoribonuclease ZC3H12A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710112715 Endoribonuclease ZC3H12A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005685 electric field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATFCOADKYSRZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotungsten Chemical compound [In].[W]=O ATFCOADKYSRZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013035 low temperature curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGVYYLZOAMMKAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pegnivacogin Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)NCCCCC(NC(=O)OCCOC)C(=O)NCCCCCCOP(=O)(O)O QGVYYLZOAMMKAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-AKLPVKDBSA-N silicon-31 atom Chemical compound [31Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-AKLPVKDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-RNFDNDRNSA-N silicon-32 atom Chemical compound [32Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009279 wet oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/164—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/165—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/166—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells the Group IV-IV heterojunctions being heterojunctions of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. silicon heterojunction [SHJ] photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/70—Surface textures, e.g. pyramid structures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
図1Aは、実施の形態1による光電変換素子を上から見た模式図である。また、図1Bは、図1Aに示す光電変換素子10をA−A線で切断した光電変換素子10の構成を示す断面図である。図1Aを参照して、光電変換素子10は、半導体基板1の一方の面の面内方向において、n型非晶質半導体層4とp型非晶質半導体層5が交互に配置されている。
また、半導体基板1の一方の面には、n型非晶質半導体層4とp型非晶質半導体層5とが形成されている領域と異なる領域にアライメントマーク4Mが形成されている。以下、光電変換素子10の具体的な構成について説明する。
ここで、テクスチャサイズについて説明する。本明細書において、テクスチャのサイズとは、半導体基板1の主面を平面視した状態、すなわち半導体基板1の主面に対して垂直上方から見た状態におけるサイズを意味する。テクスチャの具体例としては、主面が(100)面であるn型単結晶シリコン基板に、異方性エッチングを施すことによって得られるピラミッド状(四角錐状や四角錐台状)の凹凸構造がある。実際のテクスチャは、図2に示すように、大きさや形状がさまざまなピラミッド状の凹凸が複数形成されている。この凹凸には、重なり合っているものや、変形したものも含まれている。
Si+2NaOH+H2O → Na2SiO3+2H2 …(1)
2Si+2NaOH+3H2O → Na2Si2O5+4H2 …(2)
3Si+4NaOH+4H2O → Na4Si3O8+6H2 …(3)
、0.1〜1.5Paの圧力、0.01〜2kWの電力でスパッタ処理を行うことによって形成される。
線材72のフィンガー部723に接続され、電極7が配線材73のフィンガー部732に接続されるように光電変換素子10を領域REG2上に配置する。以下、同様にして光電変換素子10を配線材73〜87上に配置する。これによって、16個の光電変換素子10が直列に接続される。
本実施の形態では、半導体基板1の裏面の一部にテクスチャ構造が形成され、アライメントマーク4Mが形成されない点で実施の形態1と異なる。以下、実施の形態1と異なる構成について説明する。
本実施の形態では、半導体基板1の一部にテクスチャ構造が形成され、シャドーマスク30とは異なるシャドーマスクを用い、n型非晶質半導体層4と、光電変換素子10を識別するための個体識別情報とが形成される点で実施の形態1と異なる。
図17は、本実施の形態による光電変換素子の構成を示す断面図である。図17において実施の形態1と同様の構成には、実施の形態1の構成と同じ符号を付している。図17に示すように、本実施の形態による光電変換素子20は、光電変換素子10のパッシベーション膜3に替えて、パッシベーション膜301、302を備える点で光電変換素子10と異なる。
図22は、この実施の形態による光電変換素子を備える光電変換モジュールの構成を示す概略図である。図22を参照して、光電変換モジュール1000は、複数の光電変換素子1001と、カバー1002と、出力端子1003,1004とを備える。
図23は、この実施の形態による光電変換素子を備える太陽光発電システムの構成を示す概略図である。
図26は、この実施の形態による光電変換素子を備える太陽光発電システムの構成を示す概略図である。
Claims (5)
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の一方の面に形成され、第1の導電型を有する第1非晶質半導体層と、
前記半導体基板の一方の面に形成されるとともに前記半導体基板の面内方向において前記第1非晶質半導体層に隣接して形成され、前記第1の導電型と反対の第2の導電型を有する第2非晶質半導体層と、
前記半導体基板の一方の面の少なくとも一部に形成されたテクスチャ構造と、
前記テクスチャ構造の上に形成されたアライメント部と、を備え、
前記アライメント部は、光電変換素子を識別するための個体識別情報を含み、
前記個体識別情報は、前記第1非晶質半導体層と前記第2非晶質半導体層の少なくとも一方の非晶質半導体層で形成されている、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1に記載の光電変換素子において、
前記アライメント部は、前記第1非晶質半導体層と前記第2非晶質半導体層が形成される領域とは異なる領域に設けられる、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の光電変換素子において、
前記個体識別情報の一部は、前記第1非晶質半導体層と前記第2非晶質半導体層の一方を形成する際の位置合わせの基準として用いられる、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子において、
前記アライメント部は、さらに、前記個体識別情報を構成する前記第1非晶質半導体層と前記第2非晶質半導体層の少なくとも一方の非晶質半導体層と、前記半導体基板の一方の面との間に真性非晶質半導体層を含む、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子において、
前記テクスチャ構造を平面視した場合に、前記テクスチャ構造の凸部の外接円の直径の平均値は、15μm未満である、光電変換素子。
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