JP6585644B2 - Emulsion fuel production apparatus, production method thereof, and supply method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel production apparatus, a production method thereof, and a supply method thereof.

Fuel oil such as light oil, kerosene, and heavy oil used in diesel engines and boilers generates harmful substances (NO _x , SO _x , CO _x , particulate matter (PM)) by combustion. Although particulate matter from sulfur of the SO _x and fuel oil by reducing the sulfur concentration of the fuel oil can be reduced, it is difficult to reduce the particulate matter that are not derived from NO _x and sulfur .

  In order to suppress the generation of harmful substances, the use of an emulsion fuel obtained by adding water to a fuel oil and emulsifying it has attracted attention. Emulsion fuel is generally a mixture of fuel oil and water. The mixed state is O / W type (oil-in-water type) in which fuel oil is present in water, and water is present in fuel oil. It is divided into W / O type (water-in-oil type). Of these emulsion fuels, W / O type emulsion fuel oil is often used which is unlikely to cause corrosion of piping in a combustion apparatus or damage to a fuel pump.

  The W / O type emulsion fuel is susceptible to oil-water separation, and the particle size of water in the W / O type emulsion fuel tends to be non-uniform, resulting in large variations in the stability and performance of the fuel. In order to prevent oil-water separation and uniformly emulsify fuel oil and water and maintain a stable emulsified state, a surfactant is often used as an emulsifier in emulsion fuels such as light oil, kerosene, and heavy oil. However, since surfactants are generally expensive, the use of surfactants increases the cost of emulsion fuel.

  Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe the use of a fluid mixer in order to obtain an emulsion fuel in which the particle size of water dispersed in the emulsion fuel is reduced without using an emulsifier. Patent Document 3 describes a hydrous fuel oil that does not use a surfactant and does not easily coalesce and grow fine water particles finely dispersed in the fuel oil during storage.

Japanese Patent No. 4533969 Japanese Patent No. 594224 JP 2011-079911 A

  The present invention provides a novel emulsion fuel production apparatus, a production method thereof, and a supply method thereof capable of producing an emulsion fuel in which the dispersoid in the emulsion fuel can be made into fine particles and a stable emulsified state can be maintained. Objective.

[1] An apparatus for producing emulsion fuel,
The manufacturing apparatus includes a mixing tank for generating a mixed fuel containing fuel oil and water, a first pump, a micronizing device for micronizing dispersoids in the mixed fuel, and the first pump. A first pipe for feeding the mixed fuel in this order by pressure feeding of
The micronization device comprises:
Two elements having holes through which the mixed fuel can pass are arranged while maintaining a certain distance from each other, and a space is formed between the two elements,
The two elements have a first element and a second element in order from the upstream side in the liquid feeding direction,
The first element has a plurality of first holes, and the diameter of the plurality of first holes is two or more.
The second element has a second hole for discharging the mixed fuel introduced into the space.

[2] The emulsion fuel is a water-in-oil type.
[3] The fuel oil has a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 50 ° C. of 2 mm ² / s or more.

  [4] The fuel oil is at least one selected from the group consisting of A heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil, coal oil, and recycled oil.

  [5] The microparticulater has a gasket for arranging the two elements while maintaining a certain distance from each other.

  [6] The manufacturing apparatus includes a gas supply unit for supplying gas to the mixed fuel on the upstream side of the first pump.

  [7] The first pipe forms a circulation path for returning the mixed fuel supplied from the mixing tank back to the mixing tank.

[8] The manufacturing apparatus includes a storage tank for storing the emulsion fuel, a second pump, a pressure regulator, and a second pipe for sending the emulsion fuel in this order,
The second pipe forms a path for supplying the emulsion fuel from the first pipe to a combustion device;
The second pump pumps the emulsion fuel toward the pressure regulator,
The pressure regulator adjusts so that the pressure applied to the emulsion fuel pumped by the second pump becomes a predetermined pressure.

  [9] The predetermined pressure adjusted by the pressure regulator is 0.1 MPa to 2.0 MPa.

  [10] The second pipe forms a circulation path for returning the emulsion fuel supplied from within the storage tank to the storage tank again.

[11] A method for producing an emulsion fuel, comprising:
The manufacturing method mixes fuel oil and water to produce a mixed fuel,
Pumping the mixed fuel to pass through a first element having a plurality of first holes of two or more diameters;
Introducing the mixed fuel that has passed through the first element into a space formed between the first element and a second element that is disposed at a constant interval;
The manufacturing method of discharging the mixed fuel introduced into the space from a second hole provided in the second element.

[12] A method for supplying emulsion fuel produced by the production method,
A supply method of supplying emulsion fuel to a combustion device while adjusting so that a predetermined pressure is applied to the emulsion fuel.

  According to the present invention, there are provided a novel emulsion fuel production apparatus, a production method thereof, and a supply method thereof capable of producing an emulsion fuel capable of making the dispersoid in the emulsion fuel fine particles and maintaining a stable emulsified state. be able to.

It is a conceptual diagram of the manufacturing apparatus of the emulsion fuel which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram of the manufacturing apparatus of the emulsion fuel which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. (A) is a perspective view which shows the micronization apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (b) is a disassembled perspective view of (a), (c) is CC cross section of (a). FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the usage condition of the micronization apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  The emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention pumps a mixed fuel of fuel oil and water with a pump and passes it through the atomization device, whereby the water or fuel oil in the mixed fuel is atomized as a dispersoid, and W / O type (water-in-oil type) or O / W type (oil-in-water type) emulsion fuel. Hereinafter, the mixed fuel that has passed through the atomization device may be referred to as an emulsion fuel.

[Emulsion fuel production equipment]
Hereinafter, a specific example of an emulsion fuel production apparatus for producing a W / O type emulsion fuel will be described. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an emulsion fuel production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of an emulsion fuel production apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the emulsion fuel production apparatus A is connected to a combustion apparatus B such as a boiler, an engine, a burner, a combustion furnace, a drying furnace, a power plant, etc., and the emulsion fuel produced by the production apparatus A is It is supplied to the combustion device B. The manufacturing apparatus A includes a water tank T10 for supplying water, a fuel oil tank T20 for supplying fuel oil, a mixing tank T30 for supplying and mixing water and fuel oil, a storage tank T40, and a compressor C50. (Gas supply unit).

  Between the water tank T10 and the mixing tank T30, a water pump P11, a water flow meter R1, a water pipe cheese V13, a water charging solenoid valve V11, and a water flow rate adjusting valve V12 are arranged in series from the water tank T10 side. It is arranged. In the water tank T10, a water pump P11, a water flow meter R1, a water pipe cheese V13, and an ultrafine bubble water generator 90 ′ are arranged in series in the circulation direction from the discharge side of the water tank T10. In this order, the circulation path 11 for returning the water discharged from the water tank 10 back to the water tank 10 is formed by feeding water in this order. Switching between the path from the water tank T10 to the mixing tank T30 and the circulation path 11 is performed by switching the water introduction electromagnetic valve V11.

  The suction side of the water pump P11 can supply compressed gas from a compressor C10 which is a water gas supply unit. Although not shown, between the compressor C10 and the suction side of the water pump P11, a manual valve and a proportional control are sequentially arranged from the compressor C10 side in the same manner as between the compressor C50 and the suction side of the pump P31 described later. A valve, a gas flow meter, and a check valve are provided. The compressed gas supplied from the compressor C10 to the suction side of the water pump P11 is preferably compressed to 0.1 MPa to 1.0 MPa, and more preferably 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa. Examples of the gas include air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ozone, and the like, but it is preferable to use air that does not require a special gas atmosphere.

  Between the fuel oil tank T20 and the mixing tank T30, a fuel oil flow meter R2 and a fuel oil charging solenoid valve V21 are arranged in series from the fuel oil tank T20 side.

  The mixing tank T30 is provided with a stirring device attached to the mixing tank stirring motor M3, and water and fuel oil are mixed in the mixing tank T30 to generate mixed fuel. A pipe 30 (first pipe) is connected to the mixing tank T30, and a circulation path 31 through which the mixed fuel sent from the mixing tank T30 returns to the mixing tank T30 again through the pipe 30 is connected to the mixing tank T30. In addition to this, a path 32 for sending the mixed fuel from the mixing tank T30 to a transfer electromagnetic valve V35 described later is formed. The mixing tank T30 may be provided with a level gauge G3. When the level gauge G3 is provided, the water flow meter R1 and the fuel oil flow meter R2 can be omitted.

  A first circulation solenoid valve V31, a pump P31 (first pump), a pipe cheese V32, a micronizer 90, and a second circulation solenoid valve V34 are arranged in series in the circulation direction from the discharge port side of the mixing tank T30 to the pipe 30. The circulation path 31 for feeding the mixed fuel in this order is formed. In addition, a transfer electromagnetic valve V35 is provided in the pipe 30, and the mixed fuel in the mixing tank T30 is connected to the piping cheese separately from the circulation path 31 in which the mixed fuel in the mixing tank T30 travels from the pipe cheese V32 to the micronizer 90. A path 32 is formed from V32 toward the transfer electromagnetic valve V35. Switching between the circulation path 31 and the path 32 of the pipe 30 is performed by switching the transfer electromagnetic valve V35.

  The compressed gas from the compressor C50 is supplied to the suction side of the pump P31 of the pipe 30 (upstream side in the circulation direction of the pipe 30). A manual valve V51, a proportional control valve V52, a gas flow meter R5, and a check valve V53 are provided in this order from the compressor C50 side between the compressor C50 and the suction side of the pump P31. The compressed gas supplied from the compressor C50 to the pipe 30 is preferably compressed to 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa, and more preferably 0.7 MPa to 0.9 MPa. Examples of the gas include air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ozone, and the like, but it is preferable to use air that does not require a special gas atmosphere.

  By switching the transfer electromagnetic valve V35 provided in the pipe 30, a path connecting from the mixing tank T30 to the combustion apparatus pipe 40 (second pipe) through the pipe cheese V32 and the transfer electromagnetic valve V35 is formed. The combustion apparatus pipe 40 forms a path 42 for supplying the emulsion fuel introduced from the transfer electromagnetic valve V35 to the storage tank T40 to the combustion apparatus B, and the emulsion fuel sent from the storage tank T40 to the storage tank T40. A return circulation path 41 is formed.

  In the combustion apparatus pipe 40, the storage tank T40, the manual valve V41, the discharge pump P41 (second pump), the second pipe cheese V42, and the second transfer electromagnetic valve V44 are directed to the combustion apparatus B in order from the transfer electromagnetic valve V35. Are arranged in series in this order, and a path 42 for feeding emulsion fuel is formed in this order. Further, in the combustion apparatus pipe 40, a manual valve V41, a discharge pump P41, a second pipe cheese V42, and a pressure regulator V43 are arranged in series in the circulation direction from the discharge port side of the storage tank T40. By sending the emulsion fuel in this order, a circulation path 41 for returning the emulsion fuel to the storage tank T40 is formed. Switching between the circulation path 41 and the path 42 of the combustion apparatus piping 40 is performed by switching the second transfer electromagnetic valve V44.

  A return path 43 for returning the emulsion fuel that has not been consumed by the combustion apparatus B to the storage tank T40 is formed in the combustion apparatus pipe 40. By providing the return path 43, the emulsion fuel that has not been consumed by the combustion device B can be recovered again in the storage tank T40, and therefore, the loss of the emulsion fuel can be reduced. Further, the emulsion fuel recovered in the storage tank T40 via the return path 43 can be circulated through the path 41 to stabilize the emulsified state. Note that the return path 43 may or may not be provided depending on the type of the combustion apparatus B.

  The storage tank T40 is provided with a stirring device attached to the storage tank stirring motor M4. The storage tank T40 may be provided with a level gauge G4. By providing the level gauge G4, the flow rate in the storage tank T40 can be easily managed.

  The manufacturing apparatus A is provided with a controller (not shown). The controller includes an operation unit (not shown) such as a computer, a water flow meter R1, a fuel oil flow meter R2, a gas flow meter R5, a mixing tank T30, and the like. Output information from level gauges G3 and G4 provided in the storage tank T40 is input. Then, the controller generates control information based on the output information, and includes a water pump P11, a pump P31, a discharge pump P41, a water charging solenoid valve V11, a water flow rate adjusting valve V12, a fuel oil charging solenoid valve V21, The control information is output to the first and second circulation solenoid valves V31 and V34, the transfer solenoid valve V35, the second transfer solenoid valve V44, the proportional control valve V52, the mixing tank stirring motor M3, and the storage tank stirring motor M4.

〔pump〕
The water pump P11, the pump P31, and the discharge pump P41 are not particularly limited, and are not a centrifugal pump, a propeller pump, a centrifugal pump, a St Hughal pump, a cascade pump, a turbulent pump, a reciprocating pump, etc. Further, a positive displacement pump such as a rotary pump or a gear pump can be used. Among these, as the water pump P11 and the pump P31, a cascade pump or an overflow turbine pump is used so that gas can be introduced from the compressors C10 and C50 on the suction side of these pumps and preliminarily stirred by these pumps. Is preferred. Further, the discharge pressure and discharge amount of the water pump P11, pump P31 and discharge pump P41 are not particularly limited, but the discharge pressure is preferably 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa.

[Micronizer]
The atomizing device 90 is for atomizing water (dispersoid) in the mixed fuel containing the fuel oil and water generated in the mixing tank T30. FIG. 3 (a) is a perspective view showing a microparticulater according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 (b) is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 3 (a), and FIG. It is CC sectional drawing of Fig.3 (a). FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a usage pattern of the micronizing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the micronization device 90 of the present embodiment includes an upstream element 91 (first element), a downstream element 92 (second element), a gasket 93, Have The upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 are arranged in this order from the upstream side in the liquid feeding direction in the manufacturing apparatus A, and as shown in FIG. Arranged to face each other.

(Upstream element)
The upstream element 91 is formed by forming a plurality of circular holes in a disk-shaped plate. The upstream element 91 has, for example, 1 to 10 center side holes 91a (first holes) having a first diameter on the center side thereof, and an outer peripheral side hole 91b (first number) having a second diameter on the outer periphery side thereof. 2 to 20). The upstream element 91 shown in FIG. 3B shows an example having four central holes 91a and eight outer peripheral holes 91b. The four center side holes 91a shown in FIG. 3B are arranged at equal intervals from the center of the upstream element 91 at concentric positions. The eight outer peripheral holes 91b shown in FIG. 3B are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the center side hole 91a at equal intervals from the center of the upstream element 91 at concentric positions. The number of center side holes 91a is preferably 1 to 8, and more preferably 2 to 6. The outer peripheral side holes 91b are preferably 2 to 16, and more preferably 4 to 8.

  In the upstream element 91, the diameter of the central hole 91a is smaller than the diameter of the outer peripheral hole 91b. Specifically, the linear velocity of the mixed fuel passing through the micronizer 90 may be set to be 6 m / sec to 9 m / sec. For example, when the flow rate is 5 L / min, the center side hole 91a preferably has a diameter of 0.4 mm to 1 mm, and the outer peripheral side hole 91b preferably has a diameter of 0.8 mm to 2 mm. The upstream element 91 is formed of a material such as SUS, aluminum, copper, or plastic, and has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

  The size, shape, and thickness of the upstream element 91 are not limited to those described above. The shape, number, and arrangement position of the holes of the upstream element 91 are not limited to the center side hole 91a and the outer peripheral side hole 91b shown in FIG. 3B, and the upstream element 91 has two or more diameters. What is necessary is just to have the some hole which consists of. The shape of the hole of the upstream element 91 is not limited to a circle, and may be an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, or the like.

  In particular, when the microparticulation apparatus 90 according to the present embodiment is used when an emulsion fuel is produced by mixing fuel oil and water without separately adding a surfactant or the like, water is easily microparticulated. From this point of view, it is preferable to provide a relatively large diameter hole so as to surround a relatively small diameter hole disposed on the center side of the upstream element 91. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, it is preferable that the holes provided in the upstream element 91 are provided at equal intervals in a concentric manner from the center of the upstream element 91. The diameter of the hole of the upstream element 91 is preferably increased stepwise from the hole arranged on the center side toward the hole arranged on the outer peripheral side.

(Downstream element)
The downstream element 92 is formed by forming a circular hole in a disk-shaped plate. The downstream element 92 can have, for example, 1 to 16 central holes (second holes) 92a at the center thereof. In the downstream element 92 shown in FIG. 3B, an example having one central hole 92a at the center is shown. In addition, it is preferable that the center hole 92a is 1-4 pieces, and it is more preferable that it is 1-2 pieces. The downstream element 92 preferably has the same diameter as that of the upstream element 91 from the viewpoint of ease of assembly in the microparticulate apparatus, but may have a different diameter.

  When the linear velocity of the mixed fuel passing through the micronizer 90 is 6 m / sec to 9 m / sec, for example, the central hole 92a preferably has a diameter of 2.5 mm to 4 mm. The central hole 92a of the downstream element 92 preferably has an area 0.8 to 1.2 times the total area of all the holes formed in the upstream element 91, and 0.8 to 1.0. More preferably, it has a doubled area. Among these, it is most preferable to provide a hole having the same area as the total area which is the sum of the areas of all the holes provided in the upstream element 91 at the center of the downstream element 92. As a result, when the emulsion fuel is produced by mixing the fuel oil and water without separately adding a surfactant or the like as in the emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present embodiment, the water is efficiently atomized. be able to.

  The downstream element 92 is made of a material such as SUS, aluminum, copper, or plastic, and has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

  The size and thickness of the downstream element 92 are not limited to those described above. The shape of the hole of the downstream element 92 is not limited to a circle and may be an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, or the like. Further, the center of the central hole 92a may be concentric with the center of the downstream element 92 or may not be concentric. Further, a hole may be provided in the downstream element 92 in addition to the central hole 92a.

(gasket)
As the gasket 93, for example, what is known as a ferrule gasket can be used, and a hole is formed in a disk-shaped plate. By arranging the upstream element 91 on one surface of the gasket 93 and the downstream element 92 on the other surface, the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 are spaced apart from each other by a fixed distance. Can be made to face each other.

  The gasket 93 is formed with a space forming hole 93a at the center thereof. When the micronization device 90 is assembled by the space forming hole 93a, the space forming hole 93a is surrounded by the space forming hole 93a of the upstream element 91, the downstream element 92, and the gasket 93 as shown in FIG. A space 90a is formed.

  The space forming holes 93a provided in the gasket 93 are all the holes provided in the upstream element 91 and the downstream when the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 are opposed to each other through the gasket 93. It has a size and shape that opposes a hole provided in the side element 92. Therefore, by providing the space forming hole 93a, the gasket 93 does not block the holes provided in the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92. Thereby, the fluid supplied to the atomization apparatus 90 is introduced into the space 90a through the hole of the upstream element 91, and the fluid introduced into the space 90a passes through the central hole 92a of the downstream element 92. It is discharged from the micronizing device 90.

  The space forming hole 93a preferably has a diameter of 10 mm to 80 mm when the linear velocity of the mixed fuel passing through the micronizer 90 is 6 m / sec to 9 m / sec. The gasket 93 is made of a material such as silicone rubber or fluorine resin rubber. In addition, the thickness of the portion of the gasket 93 where the space forming hole 93a is formed can be set to 10 mm to 80 mm, for example.

  The size and thickness of the gasket 93 are not limited to those described above. The shape and arrangement position of the holes of the upstream element 91 are not limited to the space forming holes 93a shown in FIG. When the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 are opposed to each other via the gasket 93, all the holes provided in the upstream element 91 and the positions provided in the positions opposed to the holes provided in the downstream element 92 are provided. The space forming hole 93a may be provided. The shape of the hole of the gasket 93 is not limited to a circle, and may be an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, or the like.

  In the gasket 93 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3C, the case where the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 are disposed on both surfaces of the gasket 93 has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto. . For example, the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 may be fitted and held in the gasket 93 having the space forming hole 93a by providing a recess or a claw. Furthermore, instead of providing the gasket 93, the wall portion surrounds the outer periphery of the upstream element 91 facing the downstream element 92 and / or the outer periphery of the downstream element 92 facing the upstream element 91. And the space 90a may be formed when the elements 91 and 92 are opposed to each other.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (c), the atomizing device 90 has an upstream element 91 disposed on one surface of the gasket 93 and a downstream element 92 disposed on the other surface. The upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 are assembled so as to face each other while maintaining a certain distance. As a result, a space 90 a surrounded by the upstream element 91, the downstream element 92, and the space forming hole 93 a of the gasket 93 is formed. The interval between the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 is preferably 10 mm to 80 mm when the linear velocity of the mixed fuel passing through the micronizer 90 is 6 m / sec to 9 m / sec.

  In the micronizer 90 assembled as described above, the upstream element 91 is disposed on the upstream side in the liquid feeding direction of the pipe 30 of the manufacturing apparatus A shown in FIG. 1, and the downstream element 92 is disposed on the downstream side in the liquid feeding direction. It arrange | positions at the piping 30 so that it may be arrange | positioned. In order to provide the atomizing apparatus 90 in the manufacturing apparatus A, it is preferable to use flanged pipe members 94 and 94 shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the atomizing device 90 is sandwiched between the flanges 94 a and 94 a of the flanged tube members 94 and 94, and connected to the pipe 30 of the manufacturing apparatus A at the tubes 94 b and 94 b. The upstream element 91, the downstream element 92, and the gasket 93 are fixed using clamps at the flanges 94a and 94a. As the flanged pipe members 94, 94, for example, those known as ferrules can be used. The upstream element 91, the downstream element 92, and the gasket 93 are flanged pipe members 94, 94 using an adhesive means such as an adhesive or a double-sided tape, or a fastening means such as a screw, instead of being fixed using a clamp. It may be fixed to.

  The pipes 94 b and 94 b of the flanged pipe members 94 and 94 have a size and a shape that are opposed to all the holes provided in the upstream element 91 and the holes provided in the downstream element 92. Therefore, the flanges 94 a and 94 a do not block the holes provided in the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92. As a result, the fluid supplied from the one flanged tube member 94 to the atomization device 90 is introduced into the space 90a through the hole of the upstream element 91, and the fluid introduced into the space 90a is converted into the downstream element. 92 is discharged from the other flanged tube member 94 through the central hole 92a.

  In the micronizing apparatus 90 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C of the present embodiment, the case where the upstream element 91, the downstream element 92, and the gasket 93 are used has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plate-like packing (for example, a gasket that does not have the space forming hole 93a) that does not have a hole is disposed on the flange portion of a pipe (for example, an extension ferrule) having flanges at both ends. However, holes may be formed in one packing as the center hole 91a and the outer peripheral hole 91b, and holes may be formed in the other packing as the center hole 92a. In this case, the two packings serve as the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92, respectively, and a pipe having flanges at both ends causes the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 to face each other while maintaining a certain distance therebetween. It becomes a member for arranging.

  The micronization device 90 prepares a plurality of upstream elements 91, downstream elements 92, and gaskets 93 having different hole sizes and hole layouts, and the required degree of water micronization ( The upstream element 91, the downstream element 92, and the gasket 93 to be used may be changed according to the water particle diameter). As described above, the atomizing device 90 can be manufactured by assembling and manufacturing parts having simple structures such as the upstream element 91, the downstream element 92, the gasket 93, and the flanged pipe member 94. A manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an emulsion fuel can be manufactured by a simple operation of being incorporated in the piping of the manufacturing apparatus A.

  The atomization apparatus 90 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C can be used in the emulsion fuel production apparatus A as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the case where emulsion water is produced by mixing water and fuel oil according to the present embodiment or the case where ultrafine bubble water is produced, and fuel oil and other additives (for example, emulsifiers, antioxidants). , Viscosity modifiers, rust inhibitors, dispersants, antifoaming agents, fragrances, colorants, lubricants), fuel oil and gas such as air, etc., fluid such as liquid and liquid, liquid and gas, etc. Or a mixing device for mixing arbitrary materials such as mixing fluid and solid.

[Ultra fine bubble water generator]
What can produce | generate ultra fine bubble water (nano bubble water) can be used for the production | generation apparatus 90 'of ultra fine bubble water. Specifically, in addition to an apparatus capable of generating ultrafine bubble water by an ultrasonic method, a swirling flow method, a pressure dissolution method, or the like, an apparatus having the same structure as the above-described micronizer 90 may be used. it can. In the generation device 90 ′ having the same structure as the micronization device 90, ultrafine bubble water can be produced by forming fine bubbles in the water introduced into the generation device 90 ′. Ultra fine bubble water refers to water containing nano-sized bubbles of 1 μm or less.

(Pressure regulator)
As the pressure regulator V43, any pressure regulator can be used as long as the pressure when the emulsion fuel is pumped can be adjusted to a predetermined pressure. For example, the flow path area (flow path) of the pressure regulator V43 through which emulsion liquid is suppressed to a predetermined pressure or the pressure regulator V43 through which the emulsion fuel passes is smaller than the other part of the combustion apparatus pipe 40. Thus, it is possible to use one that suppresses the flow rate of the emulsion fuel. Specifically, as the pressure regulator V43, the above-described micronizer 90, a pressure regulating valve, a relief valve, a manual valve, a safety valve, a pressure reducing valve, or the like can be used.

  The pressure adjusted by the pressure regulator V43 is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.5 MPa or more, and further preferably 1.0 MPa or more. When the pressure adjusted by the pressure regulator V43 is less than 0.1 MPa, the emulsion state of the obtained emulsion fuel tends to be difficult to stabilize, and when the pressure exceeds 2.0 MPa, the piping 30 is pressure resistant. There is a tendency for the design of the manufacturing apparatus A to become complicated, such as the need to use a high one.

[Method for producing emulsion fuel]
A production method for producing a W / O type emulsion fuel using the emulsion fuel production apparatus A will be described.

  By operating the operation unit (not shown) and setting the water and fuel oil to the desired mixing weight ratio, the water amount and the fuel oil amount are calculated, respectively, and the water injection solenoid valve V11 and the fuel oil input with the appropriate opening amount. The opening amount of the electromagnetic valve V21 is determined. When the fuel oil charging solenoid valve V21 is opened, fuel oil is supplied from the fuel oil tank T20 to the mixing tank T30, and the flow rate is detected by the fuel oil flow meter R2 and supplied to the mixing tank T30 up to a predetermined amount. The supply amount of water and fuel oil may be controlled by the level gauge G3 provided in the mixing tank T30 without using the water flow meter R1 or the fuel oil flow meter R2.

  Subsequently, in the mixing tank T30, stirring is started by a stirrer such as a stirrer attached to the mixing tank stirring motor M3, and the first and second circulation electromagnetic valves V31 and V34 are opened by operating the operation unit, The pump P31 is operated. Immediately after the operation of the pump P31, the water introduction electromagnetic valve V11 is opened, and the water in the water tank T10 sucked in by the water pump P11 is supplied to the mixing tank T30. Thereby, in the mixing tank T30, mixed fuel in which fuel oil and water are mixed is generated. Water is supplied to the mixing tank T30 while adjusting the flow rate with the water flow rate adjusting valve V12, and the flow rate is detected by the water flow meter R1.

  The water content in the mixed fuel is not particularly limited as long as an emulsion fuel can be formed, but it is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 20% by weight or more based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. preferable. The water content in the mixed fuel is preferably 50% by weight or less, more preferably 40% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. If the water content is less than 10% by weight, the improvement in fuel efficiency and fuel cost when using emulsion fuel cannot be expected. On the other hand, since the fuel cost decreases as the amount of water contained in the emulsion fuel increases, it is preferable that the water content is large. If the water content exceeds 50% by weight, it tends to be difficult to produce a stable emulsified emulsion fuel in the production apparatus A.

  Immediately after the operation of the pump P31, the manual valve V51 of the compressor C50 is opened, and the gas compressed from the compressor C50 is supplied to the suction side of the pump P31 of the pipe 30 to mix the mixed fuel and the gas. The gas is supplied while adjusting the flow rate with the proportional control valve V52, and does not flow back with the check valve V53. The gas flow rate is detected by a gas flow meter R5. The gas supply amount may be selected according to the discharge pressure and discharge amount of the pump P31. The discharge pressure of the pump P31 is 0.1 MPa to 2.0 MPa, and the discharge amount of the mixed fuel at the pump P31 is 100% by volume. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of gas supplied from the compressor C50 is 1 to 5% by volume.

  The mixing ratio of the gas mixed into the mixed fuel is not particularly limited as long as an emulsion fuel can be formed, but it is preferably 1% by volume or more with respect to the total weight of the mixed fuel, and 2% by volume or more. Is more preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the mixing rate of the gas mixed with mixed fuel is 50 volume% or less with respect to the total weight of mixed fuel. If the mixing ratio of the gas is less than 1% by volume, the effect of enhancing the combustibility cannot be expected greatly. On the other hand, if the gas mixing ratio exceeds 50% by weight, the combustibility tends to be too high.

  When the pump P31 is operated, the mixed fuel is sucked from the mixing tank T30, and the mixed fuel and the gas supplied from the compressor C50 are mixed on the suction side of the pump P31 of the pipe 30. The pump P31 pumps the mixed fuel mixed with the gas toward the micronizer 90.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the micronizer 90 is sandwiched between flanges 94 a and 94 a of flanged pipe members 94 and 94, and is connected to the pipe 30 at the pipes 94 b and 94 b. The mixed fuel pumped by the pump P31 is introduced into the upstream element 91 from a flanged pipe member 94 disposed upstream of the atomizing device 90 in the liquid feeding direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the upstream element 91 is formed with a central hole 91a and an outer peripheral hole 91b having different diameters. The mixed fuel that has passed through the central hole 91a and the mixed fuel that has passed through the outer peripheral hole 91b have different flow rates. The mixed fuels having different flow velocities introduced into the space 90a are disturbed in the flow direction in the space 90a due to the speed difference, and are stirred in the space 90a. Thus, the mixed fuel stirred in the space 90a is discharged while being swirled when discharged from the central hole 92a provided in the downstream element 92 to the outside of the atomization device 90. By mixing the mixed fuel in the space 90a as described above and discharging the mixed fuel generated in a spiral shape from the central hole 92a of the downstream element 92, the water contained in the mixed fuel is finely divided into a stable emulsified state. The emulsion fuel can be produced.

  The mixed fuel discharged through the atomization device 90 is supplied again to the mixing tank T30 through the second circulation electromagnetic valve V34. The mixed fuel returned to the mixing tank T30 can be maintained in a stable emulsified state by being stirred by the mixing tank stirring motor M3. Further, the mixed fuel is circulated 2 to 5 times through the circulation path 31 formed by the mixing tank T30 and the pipe 30 and passes through the atomizing device 90 as described above, whereby water is further atomized and stable. An emulsified emulsion fuel can also be produced. The particle diameter of the water in the emulsion fuel can also be adjusted by changing the number of times the mixed fuel is circulated in the circulation path 31 and adjusting the number of times the mixed fuel passes through the atomization device 90.

  Further, when the gas supplied from the compressor C50 is supplied to the suction side of the pump P31 and the mixed fuel is introduced into the atomization device 90 in a state of being mixed with the gas, the mixing property of the fuel oil and water is improved. Can do. Thereby, the emulsion fuel in which the emulsified state is stabilized can be obtained.

  By using the production apparatus A of the present embodiment, the particle diameter of water in the emulsion fuel can be formed to 2000 nm or less, for example, depending on the type of fuel oil to be used. Further, by adjusting the diameter and arrangement of the holes provided in the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 in the micronizer 90, the particle diameter of water is 50 nm to 1000 nm, depending on the type of fuel oil used. Can be made fine. Further, water can be atomized by circulating the mixed fuel through the circulation path 31 so that the mixed fuel in the mixing tank T30 passes through the atomization device 90 a plurality of times. Therefore, by adjusting the diameter and arrangement of the holes provided in the upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 of the micronization device 90 and the number of times the mixed fuel circulates in the circulation path 31, the water particle diameter can be increased to a desired value. It is possible to produce an emulsion fuel that is adjusted to a high degree.

According to the knowledge of the present inventor, for example, in the burner equipped with a pressure side pump of about 0.5 to 2.5 MPa as the combustion device B, when the particle size of water in the emulsion fuel is 300 to 700 nm There is a tendency that the reduction rate of the NO _x concentration becomes high and the improvement rate of fuel consumption becomes high. Therefore, in the case of using the burner as a combustion apparatus B, by adjusting the particle diameter of the water to 300 to 700 nm, increasing the reduction rate of the NO _x concentration, it is possible to increase the rate of improvement fuel economy. In the manufacturing apparatus A of the present embodiment, as described above, the particle diameter of water in the emulsion fuel can be adjusted. For example, according to the required reduction rate of NO _x concentration and improvement rate of fuel consumption, An emulsion fuel containing water particles having a desired particle size can be produced.

  The emulsion fuel whose emulsion state has been stabilized as described above is transferred from the mixing tank T30 to the combustion apparatus pipe 40 via the pipe cheese V32 and the transfer electromagnetic valve V35 by switching the transfer electromagnetic valve V35, and is stored in the storage tank T40. To be introduced. For example, the emulsion fuel may be supplied to the storage tank T40 by switching the transfer electromagnetic valve V35 after being circulated through the circulation path 31 for a predetermined time, or by intermittently switching the transfer electromagnetic valve V35. A part of the emulsion fuel circulating in the circulation path 31 may be intermittently supplied to the storage tank T40. Further, depending on the supply amount of the emulsion fuel supplied to the storage tank T40 by switching the transfer electromagnetic valve V35, the water supply from the water tank T10 and the fuel oil supply from the fuel oil tank T20 are supplied to the mixing tank T30. As is done, emulsion fuel may be produced continuously.

  The emulsion fuel supplied into the storage tank T40 is detected by the level gauge G4 while being stirred by the stirring device attached to the storage tank stirring motor M4. When the amount of the emulsion fuel in the storage tank T40 reaches a predetermined amount, the manual valve V41 and the second transfer electromagnetic valve V44 are switched to operate the discharge pump P41. When the discharge pump P41 is operated, the emulsion fuel is sucked from the storage tank T40, and the emulsion fuel is pumped toward the pressure regulator V43. At this time, the pressure regulator V43 adjusts the pressure when the emulsion fuel is pumped to a predetermined pressure by suppressing the flow of the emulsion fuel as described above, and the discharge pump P41. With the operation, the pressure of the emulsion fuel between the discharge pump P41 and the pressure regulator V43 gradually increases. Thereby, since the emulsion fuel is circulated through the circulation path 41 in a pressurized state, the emulsified state of the emulsion fuel can be kept stable.

  The magnitude of the applied pressure applied to the emulsion fuel when circulating through the circulation path 41 can be adjusted by the pressure regulator V43. The pressure adjusted by the pressure regulator V43 is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.5 MPa or more, and further preferably 1.0 MPa or more.

  On the other hand, when supplying emulsion fuel from the storage tank T40 to the combustion apparatus B, the second transfer electromagnetic valve V44 is switched, and the emulsion is supplied to the combustion apparatus B from the storage tank T40 via the second transfer electromagnetic valve V44 by the discharge pump P41. Fuel is pumped. As described above, since the emulsion fuel is pressurized by circulating through the circulation path 41, when the emulsion fuel is pumped from the storage tank T40 to the combustion device B, the pressure is 0.05 MPa or more and 1.0 MPa or less. It can be transported in the state that has been done.

  In this way, by feeding the emulsion fuel while adjusting so that a predetermined pressure is applied, it is possible to maintain water in a finely divided state, and to keep the emulsion state of the emulsion fuel stable. Thereby, since the emulsion fuel of the stable emulsification state can be supplied to the combustion apparatus B, the combustibility of the emulsion fuel in the combustion apparatus B can be improved.

  In addition, when supplying emulsion fuel to the combustion apparatus B which cannot supply high pressure emulsion fuel, such as an engine and a burner, between the 2nd transfer electromagnetic valve V44 and the combustion apparatus B, emulsion fuel is arbitrary The pressure may be reduced to the pressure and supplied to the combustion device B. The method for reducing the pressure is not particularly limited, and may be performed using a pressure reducing valve or a bypass pipe.

  In the emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus A of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the emulsion fuel obtained by using the mixing tank T30, the micronizer 90, and the like is temporarily stored in the storage tank T40 and then stored in the combustion apparatus B. Supply. Therefore, the supply of the emulsion fuel to the combustion device B can be adjusted by the supply amount from the storage tank T40 while the emulsion fuel is continuously generated in the mixing tank T30 and the atomization device 90. Further, since the emulsion fuel in the storage tank T40 is pressurized by circulating through the circulation path 41, the emulsion fuel in a stable emulsified state can be supplied to the combustion device B.

  However, as shown in FIG. 2, the manufacturing apparatus A3 does not have the storage tank T40, the manual valve V41, the discharge pump P41, the second piping cheese V42, the pressure regulator V43, and the second transfer electromagnetic valve V44 shown in FIG. Can be used to directly supply the emulsion fuel to the combustion device B. Specifically, the pump P31 provided in the pipe 30 is used, and the emulsion fuel in the mixing tank T30 is pumped to the combustion apparatus B directly from the transfer solenoid valve V35 to the combustion apparatus pipe 40 via the pipe cheese V32. You may supply.

  In the manufacturing apparatus A3 shown in FIG. 2, a return path 44 for returning the emulsion fuel that has not been consumed by the combustion apparatus B to the mixing tank T30 is formed. By providing the return path 44, the emulsion fuel that has not been consumed by the combustion device B can be returned to the mixing tank T30 again. By emulsifying the emulsion fuel returned to the mixing tank T30 in the circulation path 31, the emulsified state can be stabilized. Note that the return path 44 may or may not be provided depending on the type of the combustion apparatus B.

  In the emulsion fuel production apparatuses A and A3 according to the present embodiment, the gas from the compressor C50 is introduced on the suction side of the pump P31, and the mixed fuel is mixed with the gas to improve the mixing property of the fuel oil and water. . However, a compressed gas may be introduced without using the compressor C50. Further, the emulsion fuel may be generated without introducing a gas into the mixed fuel.

  Although the case where the water stored in water tank T10 was used as water mixed with fuel oil was explained above, ultra fine bubble water is manufactured using ultra fine bubble water generator 90 'shown in FIG. However, this ultra fine bubble water may be used.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the ultra fine bubble water is produced by circulating the water discharged from the water tank T10 through the circulation path 11 passing through the generating device 90 '. As the generation device 90 ′, as described above, a device capable of generating ultrafine bubble (nanobubble) water can be used. For example, a device having a structure similar to that of the micronization device 90 can be used. . In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, the generation device 90 ′ is sandwiched between the flanges 94 a and 94 a of the flanged tube members 94 and 94, and circulates in the portions of the tubes 94 b and 94 b, similarly to the micronization device 90. It is connected to the piping that forms the path 11.

  The water discharged from the water tank T10 is mixed with water and the gas supplied from the compressor C10 on the suction side of the water pump P11 to generate gas mixed water. The water pump P11 pumps the gas mixed water in the order of the water flow meter R1, the water piping cheese V13, and the generating device 90 '.

  When a device having the same structure as that of the micronizer 90 is used as the ultrafine bubble water generator 90 ', the gas-mixed water pumped by the water pump P11 is upstream of the generator 90' in the liquid feeding direction. Is introduced into the upstream element 91 from the flanged tube member 94. In the upstream element of the generation device 90 ′, as described in the atomization device 90 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, a central side hole and an outer peripheral side hole having different diameters are formed. The gas mixed water that has passed through the central hole and the gas mixed water that has passed through the outer peripheral side hole have different flow rates. Therefore, the flow direction of the gas mixture water having different flow velocities introduced into the space of the generation device 90 ′ (the space corresponding to the space 90a in FIG. 3C) is disturbed in the space due to the difference in velocity. It will be in the stirred state. The gas mixture water thus stirred in the space is discharged while being swirled when discharged from the central hole provided in the downstream element to the outside of the generating device 90 '. By mixing the gas mixture water in the space as described above and discharging the gas mixture water spirally generated from the central hole of the downstream element, the water contained in the gas mixture water is made into fine particles, and the ultra fine bubble water Can be manufactured.

  The ultra fine bubble water produced by the gas mixed water passing through the generating device 90 'is supplied again to the water tank T10. The ultra fine bubble water returned to the water tank T10 is circulated 2 to 5 times through the circulation path 11 and passes through the generation device 90 ′ a plurality of times as described above, thereby further miniaturizing the bubbles and in a stable state. Ultra fine bubble water can be produced.

  In addition, although the manufacturing apparatus A shown in FIG. 1 is equipped with the production | generation apparatus 90 'of ultra fine bubble water in order to mix ultra fine bubble water with fuel oil, ultra fine bubble water, such as tap water, is contained in fuel oil. When water other than the above is mixed, it is not necessary to provide the circulation path 11 having the generation device 90 ′ and the water piping cheese V13. In addition, the production apparatus A3 shown in FIG. 2 does not show the circulation path 11 including the ultrafine bubble water production apparatus 90 ′ and the water piping cheese V13, but the production apparatus A3 includes the production apparatus 90 ′ and water. A circulation path 11 having the piping cheese V13 may be provided.

  In the above description, the case of producing a W / O type emulsion fuel has been described. However, it is also possible to produce an O / W type emulsion fuel using the production apparatus A shown in FIG. 1 and the production apparatus A3 shown in FIG. it can. In the case of producing an O / W type emulsion fuel, water is supplied from the water tank T10 to the mixing tank T30, and then fuel oil is supplied from the fuel oil tank T20 to the mixing tank T30. A mixed fuel mixture may be generated. In this case, the fuel mixture (dispersoid) can be atomized by passing the mixed fuel through the atomization device 90.

[Emulsion fuel]
(Fuel oil)
Fuel oil is preferably kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is ^{2 mm} 2 / s or more, more preferably ^{5 mm} 2 / s or more, and most preferably 10 mm ² / s or more. Specifically as the fuel oil, B heavy fuel oil A kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is usually 1.5~20mm ² / s, kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is usually 2.5~100mm ² / s coal oil C fuel oil kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is usually 80~200mm ² / s, kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is usually 80~200mm ² / s, kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 2 to 100 mm ² There may be mentioned at least one selected from the group consisting of regenerated oil (waste oil) which is / s, and two or more kinds may be mixed and used. Among these, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of A heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil, coal oil, and recycled oil (waste oil). By mixing the fuel oil and water using the above-described emulsion fuel production apparatus, the fuel oil is emulsified without adding a surfactant or reducing the amount of surfactant used. can do.

(water)
As the water, tap water, distilled water, purified water, ion exchange water, alkaline water, acidic water, pure, ultrapure water, waste water, ultra fine bubble water produced using these, and the like can be used.

(Other ingredients)
The emulsion fuel of the present invention includes an emulsifier (surfactant), an antioxidant, a viscosity modifier, a rust inhibitor, a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, a fragrance, a colorant, and a lubricant as components other than fuel oil and water. An agent or the like may be included. The content of other components contained in the emulsion fuel is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain a stable emulsified state of the emulsion fuel of the present invention, but it is 20% by weight or less based on the total weight of the emulsion fuel. Is preferable, and it is more preferable that it is 10 weight% or less.

  The other components described above may be mixed with fuel oil in advance, or may be supplied and mixed with fuel oil from a dedicated tank separate from the fuel oil to the mixing tank T30.

[Application of emulsion fuel production equipment]
The emulsion fuel produced by the emulsion fuel production apparatus of the present invention is supplied to a combustion apparatus such as a boiler, a diesel engine, a combustion furnace, a drying furnace, or a power plant.

[Oil-water separation evaluation]
The oil-water separation test for emulsion fuel is performed by measuring the time until oil-water separation occurs after 150 ml of emulsion fuel is placed in a 200 ml graduated cylinder immediately after being produced by the emulsion fuel production device. It was. When oil-water separation occurred within 24 hours after standing, the time when oil-water separation occurred was measured, and when oil-water separation did not occur within 24 hours, it was determined that there was no separation.

[Measurement of water particle size]
Taking 0.1 mL of the emulsion fuel in the preparation, it was photographed with a microscope (GR-D8T2, manufactured by Matsudensha), and the photographed image was subjected to particle size analysis with an image analyzer (A image-kun, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Engineering). The particle size of water in the fuel was calculated.

[Combustion test]
The emulsion fuel obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was burner (MC-3G, manufactured by HODAKA, discharge pressure 1.0-2.8 MPa, discharge flow rate 8-15 kg / h, nozzle tip 2.25 (60 °), 2 .5 (60 °, discharge flow rate controlled by nozzle tip and discharge pressure), injection is performed in the range of injection pressure 1.0 MPa, and combustion is performed in a simple combustion furnace (furnace size: inner diameter 600 mm, width 1500 mm) A combustion test was conducted. Using an exhaust gas analyzer (Testo 350S, manufactured by Testo), an exhaust gas of 0.6 L / min was collected from the exhaust flue of the exhaust gas discharged from the simple combustion furnace with the probe of the exhaust gas analyzer, and CO, NO, The amounts of NO ₂ and SO ₂ were measured.

[Fuel consumption evaluation]
About the emulsion fuel obtained by the Example and the comparative example, fuel consumption evaluation was performed using manufacturing apparatus A3 shown in FIG. 2 using the same simple combustion furnace and exhaust gas analyzer as what was used by the said combustion test. Specifically, after sufficiently raising the temperature of the simple combustion furnace, the emulsion fuel is burned, and the exhaust gas collected from the exhaust flue of the simple combustion furnace with the probe of the exhaust gas analyzer is detected by the exhaust gas analyzer, The emulsion fuel was burned for 30 minutes while maintaining the combustion state of the emulsion fuel so that the temperature of the exhaust gas was 425 ± 5 ° C. and the oxygen concentration was 3.5 ± 0.2%. The actual combustion temperature and oxygen concentration are as shown in Table 2.

  Before and after the combustion for 30 minutes, the oil amount of the emulsion fuel in the mixing tank T30 was detected by a storage tank oil meter, and the volume difference [L] of the oil amount before and after the combustion was measured. Using the volume difference [L] and the specific gravity of the emulsion fuel, the consumption weight [kg / h] of the emulsion fuel consumed per unit time [h] is calculated. The weight was calculated as the fuel consumption [kg / h] of the emulsion fuel.

  For comparison, when only C heavy oil is used as the fuel (C heavy oil = 100), an experiment is performed in the same manner as described above, and the weight of C heavy oil consumed per unit time [h] is calculated as C heavy oil. The fuel consumption was calculated as [kg / h].

[Example 1]
The manufacturing apparatus A3 shown in FIG. 2 was used, 15NED02Z (manufactured by NIKUNI) was used as the pump P31, and the apparatus shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C was used as the micronizing apparatus 90. The upstream element 91 and the downstream element 92 both have a diameter of 24 mm, and the gasket 93 has a diameter of 35 mm. The four center side holes 91a provided in the upstream element 91 each have a diameter of 0.5 mm, and the eight outer side holes 91b provided concentrically outside the center side hole 91a are respectively The diameter is 1 mm. The central hole 92a provided in the downstream element 92 has a diameter of 3 mm, the diameter of the space forming hole 93a of the gasket 93 is 12 mm, and the thickness is 1.5 mm. The compressor C50 was not operated and no gas was supplied.

Fuel oil C as fuel oil from fuel oil tank T20 (LPC28, manufactured by Showa Shell Sekiyu KK, kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 50 ° C. 157.2 mm ² / s, sulfur content 1.15 wt%, nitrogen content 0.19 w%) 350 g was supplied to a 1 L mixing tank T30, and the pump P31 was operated at a discharge pressure of about 0.6 MPa and a discharge amount of about 4 L / min. Immediately after the operation of the pump P31, 150 g of tap water was slowly supplied from the water tank T10 to the mixing tank T30 to generate mixed fuel (weight of C heavy oil: weight of water = 70: 30). The pump P31 was operated for 5 minutes, and the mixed fuel was passed once through the circulation path 31 formed by the mixing tank T30 and the pipe 30 to obtain an emulsion fuel. About the obtained emulsion fuel, oil-water separation evaluation and the measurement of the particle diameter of water were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 2]
After producing the mixed fuel, 0.3 MPa compressed air decompressed from the compressor C50 was supplied at 0.05 L / min (weight C heavy oil: water weight = 70: 30, water emulsion fuel volume: compressed air Emulsion fuel was obtained with the same production apparatus as in Example 1 except that volume = 98: 2), and oil-water separation evaluation and measurement of water particle diameter were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 1]
Emulsion fuel is obtained with the same production apparatus as in Example 1 except that a shear mixer (Ramond Nanomixer, manufactured by Nanocus) is used instead of the atomization apparatus 90 used in Example 1, and oil-water separation is performed. A test was conducted. Moreover, the particle diameter of water was measured for Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 2]
Emulsion fuel was obtained by the same production apparatus as in Example 1 except that the stirring was performed using a stirrer (manufactured by Nanocus) in the mixing tank T30 without using the atomization apparatus 90 used in Example 1, and an oil-water separation test was performed. Went. Moreover, the particle diameter of water was measured for Comparative Example 2. The results are shown in Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, when the micronizer 90 was used (Examples 1 and 2), oil-water separation did not occur within 24 hours, and a stable emulsified emulsion fuel was obtained. When a shear mixer was used (Comparative Example 1), a stable emulsified emulsion fuel was obtained, but when a stirrer (Comparative Example 2) was used, oil-water separation occurred in about 5 minutes. Thus, an emulsion fuel in a stable emulsified state could not be obtained. In the case of using the fine particles 90 in the Example 1, as described above, increasing the reduction rate of the NO _x concentration, the particle size of the water can increase the rate of improvement fuel consumption (300 to 700 nm) An emulsion fuel having was obtained. On the other hand, when a shear type mixer or stirrer was used (Comparative Examples 1 and 2), the water particle size was outside the range of 300 to 700 nm.

Example 3
The manufacturing apparatus A3 and the combustion apparatus B shown in FIG. 2 were used, and 25KLD07Z-V (manufactured by NIKUNI) was used as the pump P31. Moreover, the same thing as Example 1 was used as the said atomization apparatus 90, and the burner and the simple combustion furnace which were described in the term of the said combustion test were used as said combustion apparatus B. FIG. The compressor C50 was not operated and no gas was supplied.

Fuel oil C as fuel oil from fuel oil tank T20 (LPC28, manufactured by Showa Shell Sekiyu KK, kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 50 ° C. 157.2 mm ² / s, sulfur content 1.15 wt%, nitrogen content 0.19 w%) Was supplied to a 30 L mixing tank T30, and the pump P31 was operated at a discharge pressure of about 0.6 MPa and a discharge amount of 4 L / min. Immediately after the operation of the pump P31, 6 kg of tap water was slowly supplied from the water tank T10 to the mixing tank T30 to generate mixed fuel (weight of C heavy oil: weight of water = 70: 30). An agitation stirrer and a pump P31, which are agitation devices for the mixing tank T30, were always operated, and the mixed fuel was passed once through the circulation path 31 formed by the mixing tank T30 and the pipe 30 to obtain an emulsion fuel. The obtained emulsion fuel was subjected to a combustion test and a fuel consumption evaluation test.

  The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 also shows the combustion conditions (combustion temperature [° C.], oxygen amount during combustion [%]) of the emulsion fuel in the combustion evaluation test.

Example 4
After producing the mixed fuel, 0.3 MPa compressed air decompressed from the compressor C50 was supplied at 0.3 L / min (C heavy oil weight: water weight = 70: 30, water emulsion fuel volume: compressed air Except for the volume = 98: 2), an emulsion fuel was obtained with the same production apparatus as in Example 3, and a combustion test and a fuel consumption evaluation test were performed. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 3]
A combustion apparatus B similar to that of Example 2 except that the shear mixer (Ramond Nanomixer, manufactured by Nanocus) described in Comparative Example 1 was used in place of the atomization apparatus 90 used in Example 3. A combustion test and a combustion evaluation test were performed using the test piece. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 4]
A combustion test and a combustion evaluation test using the same combustion apparatus B as in Example 2 except that the stirrer (manufactured by Nanocus) described in Comparative Example 2 was used in place of the atomization apparatus 90 used in Example 3. Went. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 5]
Without using the manufacturing apparatus used in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, C heavy oil was directly supplied to the combustion apparatus B, and a combustion test and a fuel consumption evaluation test were performed. The results are shown in Table 2.

  As shown in Table 2, when the micronizer 90 is used (Examples 3 and 4), when a shear mixer is used (Comparative Example 3), when a stirrer is used (Comparative Example 4), Compared with the case where C heavy oil was used as the fuel (Comparative Example 5), the amount of harmful substances emitted could be reduced, and the fuel consumption could be improved. Further, it was found that by using the micronizer 90 and supplying air from the compressor C50, the amount of harmful substances (particularly NO, CO) emitted can be reduced, and the fuel consumption can be improved.

  The production apparatus and production method of the emulsion fuel of the present invention can be suitably used for production of emulsion fuel to be supplied to combustion apparatuses such as boilers, engines, burners, combustion furnaces, drying furnaces, and power plants.

A manufacturing apparatus, A3 manufacturing apparatus, B combustion apparatus, T10 water tank, T20 fuel oil tank, T30 mixing tank, T40 storage tank, C10 compressor, C50 compressor (gas supply unit), P11 water pump, P31 pump (first) Pump, second pump), P41 discharge pump (second pump), R1 water flow meter, R2 fuel oil flow meter, R5 gas flow meter, V11 water charging solenoid valve, V12 water flow regulating valve, V13 water piping cheese, V21 Fuel oil charging solenoid valve, V31 first circulation solenoid valve, V32 piping cheese, V34 second circulation solenoid valve, V35 transfer solenoid valve, V41 manual valve, V42 second piping cheese, V43 pressure regulator, V44 second transfer solenoid Valve, V51 manual valve, V52 proportional control valve, V53 check valve, M3 mixing tank stirring motor, M4 storage Tank stirring motor, G3 level gauge, G4 level gauge, 11 circulation path, 30 pipe (first pipe), 31 circulation path, 32 path, 40 combustion apparatus pipe (second pipe), 41 circulation path, 42 path, 43 Return path, 44 Return path, 90 micronizer, 90 'ultrafine bubble water generator, 90a space, 91 upstream element (first element), 91a center side hole (first hole), 91b outer peripheral side hole ( 1st hole), 92 Downstream element (2nd element), 92a Center hole (2nd hole), 93 Gasket, 93a Space forming hole

Claims (14)

An apparatus for producing emulsion fuel,
The manufacturing apparatus includes a mixing tank for generating a mixed fuel containing fuel oil and water, a first pump, a micronizing device for micronizing dispersoids in the mixed fuel, and the first pump. A first pipe for feeding the mixed fuel in this order by pressure feeding of
The micronization device comprises:
Two elements having holes through which the mixed fuel can pass are arranged while maintaining a certain distance from each other, and a space is formed between the two elements,
The two elements have a first element and a second element in order from the upstream side in the liquid feeding direction,
The first element is:
While having a plurality of first holes, the diameter of the plurality of first holes is two or more,
The plurality of first holes include a center side hole having a first diameter on the center side of the first element, and an outer periphery side hole having a second diameter on the outer periphery side of the center side hole, and The diameter of the central hole is smaller than the diameter of the outer peripheral hole,
1 to 4 center side holes, 4 to 8 outer side holes,
The second element has a second hole for discharging the mixed fuel introduced into the space,
The total area of the second hole of the second element is 0.8 to 1.2 times the total area of the first hole of the first element.   The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the plurality of first holes are two kinds.   The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one or two second holes are provided in the center of the second element.   The said emulsion fuel is a manufacturing apparatus of any one of Claims 1-3 which is a water-in-oil type. The said fuel oil is a manufacturing apparatus of Claim 4 whose kinematic viscosity in the temperature of 50 degreeC is 2 mm < ² > / s or more.   The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the fuel oil is at least one selected from the group consisting of A heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil, coal oil, and recycled oil.   The manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the microparticulation apparatus includes a gasket for arranging the two elements while maintaining a certain distance from each other.   The said manufacturing apparatus is a manufacturing apparatus of any one of Claims 1-7 which has a gas supply part for supplying gas to the said mixed fuel in the upstream of a said 1st pump.   The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first pipe forms a circulation path for returning the mixed fuel supplied from within the mixing tank to the mixing tank again. The manufacturing apparatus includes a storage tank for storing the emulsion fuel, a second pump, a pressure regulator, and a second pipe for feeding the emulsion fuel in this order,
The second pipe forms a path for supplying the emulsion fuel from the first pipe to a combustion device;
The second pump pumps the emulsion fuel toward the pressure regulator,
The manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pressure adjuster adjusts the pressure applied to the emulsion fuel pumped by the second pump to be a predetermined pressure.   The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined pressure adjusted by the pressure regulator is 0.1 MPa to 2.0 MPa.   The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the second pipe forms a circulation path for returning the emulsion fuel supplied from within the storage tank to the storage tank again. A method for producing emulsion fuel, comprising:
The manufacturing method mixes fuel oil and water to produce a mixed fuel,
Pumping the mixed fuel to pass through a first element having a plurality of first holes of two or more diameters;
Introducing the mixed fuel that has passed through the first element into a space formed between the first element and a second element that is disposed while maintaining a certain distance from the first element;
The mixed fuel introduced into the space is discharged from a second hole provided in the second element;
The plurality of first holes include a center side hole having a first diameter on the center side of the first element, and an outer periphery side hole having a second diameter on the outer periphery side of the center side hole, and The diameter of the central hole is smaller than the diameter of the outer peripheral hole,
The first element has 1 to 4 central side holes, 4 to 8 outer peripheral side holes,
The total area of the second holes of the second element is 0.8 to 1.2 times the total area of the first holes of the first element. A method of supplying et Marujon fuel,
Including the step of producing the emulsion fuel by the production method according to claim 13,
While adjusting so that a predetermined pressure is applied to the emulsion fuel produced in the process of the manufacture, supply the emulsion fuel to a combustion device, supplying method.

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