JP6542750B2 - 金属基材のコーティング - Google Patents
金属基材のコーティング Download PDFInfo
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- JP6542750B2 JP6542750B2 JP2016501490A JP2016501490A JP6542750B2 JP 6542750 B2 JP6542750 B2 JP 6542750B2 JP 2016501490 A JP2016501490 A JP 2016501490A JP 2016501490 A JP2016501490 A JP 2016501490A JP 6542750 B2 JP6542750 B2 JP 6542750B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- coating
- turbine
- weight
- cobalt
- coatings
- Prior art date
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 232
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 181
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 47
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000501667 Etroplus Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 and X is Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010286 high velocity air fuel Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000907 nickel aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
- F05D2300/175—Superalloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Description
耐食コーティングの層の塗布を伴う1つの手法は、そのような塗料がエンジンの稼働時に砕けやすいことによって阻まれている。そのような破砕は、層状の塗料と保護対象の合金との間の熱膨張率(CTE)の不一致が大きいことで、熱過渡のエンジン状態において界面の歪みが大きくなることによって生じると考えられる。層状の塗料の付着は、部分的には、塗料と合金との間の機械的な付着への依存によって制約されていると考えられ、この塗料と合金との間の機械的な付着を、被覆されるべき表面に塗料の付着に先立ってショットブラストを加えることや、技術的に周知の機械的な付着の改善のための他の表面改質の手段によって、或る程度は向上させることが可能である。しかしながら、破砕は、多くの用途又は構成部品の特定の領域において、依然として層状の塗料の使用の妨げとなっている。
コーティングは、一般に、ガスタービンにおける高温ガスの流れの経路へと露出されたタービン構成部品の外面を定める。コーティングは、一般に、15重量%〜45重量%のコバルトと、20重量%〜40重量%のクロムと、2重量%〜15重量%のアルミニウムと、0.1重量%〜1重量%のイットリウムと、ニッケルとを含む。特定の一実施形態においては、コーティングに含まれるニッケル及びコバルトの合計の量が、55重量%〜75重量%である。
これに加え、或いはこれに代えて、コーティングは、タングステン、モリブデン、タンタル、レニウム、チタニウム、ニオブ、バナジウム、白金族の金属、又はこれらの組み合わせを更に含むことができ、これらの元素の合計の量は、20重量%以下である。
すなわち、コーティングがガスタービンの内部の高温ガスに直接曝露され、下方の超合金製の基材に耐食性を与える。
実際、本発明において、本発明の技術的範囲及び技術的思想から離れることなく、種々の変更及び変種が可能であることは、当業者にとって明らかであろう。例えば、或る実施形態の一部として例示又は説明される特徴を、別の実施形態において使用して、また更なる実施形態をもたらすことが可能である。このように、本発明は、添付の特許請求の範囲及びそれらの均等物の技術的範囲に含まれるような変更及び変種を包含するように意図される。
基材に対する大きなサイクル寿命の低下を回避するための延性及び耐久性をもたらす組成、微細構造、及びコーティングの厚さも提供される。
例えば、タービンディスク32の周縁部は、タービンブレード38、42からの伝導によって加熱される。前述したように、冷却空気中の汚染物質が、冷却空洞を形成するディスク、シール、及びリテーナの表面に付着し、これらの高温において汚染の源である。したがって、本明細書において論じられるコーティングは、冷却空気の汚染物質の付着又は蓄積に起因する腐食に曝されるこれらの任意の表面に保護をもたらすことができる。
荷重の支持及び疲労の性能は、典型的には下方の基材26によって決定されるため、強度はコーティングにとって二次的な関心事であるが、コーティング22を、随意により、耐疲労性を改善するために、タングステン、モリブデン、タンタル、レニウム、チタニウム、ニオブ、バナジウム、及び/又は白金族金属(PGM)で強化してもよい。
しかしながら、これらの元素(とりわけ、タングステン及びモリブデン)の添加は、延性を低下させる可能性があり、耐食性及び耐酸化性に悪影響を及ぼしかねないため、好ましくは合計で20重量%未満に限定される。このような限られた添加において、強化剤は、疲労による亀裂が表面において始まることを避けるための充分な延性及び耐環境性を維持しつつ、タービンディスクの動作時に荷重の一部をコーティングで支えることを可能にすることができる。
特定の理論によって拘束されることを望むものではないが、このような拡散は、コーティング前の準備処理及びコーティング処理そのものが加えられるときのコーティング及び素地金属の界面のエネルギ論並びに必要な組成勾配及び熱環境によって駆動されうる。素地金属元素のコーティングへの拡散及びコーティング性能への悪影響を、コーティング組成物への拡散種の添加によって有益に軽減することができる。加えて、このような相互拡散が最小化されるとき、基材のニッケル系ロータ合金の安定性を向上させることができる。
本発明の一実施形態によれば、コーティングは、LCFの際にコーティングの亀裂を遅らせる役に立つことができるため、コーティングの厚さにわたる単一又は少数の粒子の代わりに、厚さ方向に多数の粒子を有することができる。
適切な炭化物として、これらに限られるわけではないが、チタニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、及びこれらの混合物の炭化物を挙げることができる。適切なオキシ窒化物として、これらに限られるわけではないが、チタニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、及びイットリウム、並びにこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。
24 基材表面、表面領域
26 基材
30 タービン部
32 タービンディスク
34 シール要素
36 ディスク
38 タービンブレード
40 ディスク
42 ブレード
44 前部シール
46 後部シール
48 段間シール
50 第1段後部ブレードリテーナ
52 第2段後部ブレードリテーナ
74 ハブ
78 ウェブ部
82 ガスタービンエンジンディスク
86 スロット
410 ベーン
420 ケーシング
430 ライナ
Claims (6)
- 超合金製の基材(26)と、
前記超合金製の基材(26)上のコーティング(22)と
を含むタービン構成部品であって、
前記コーティング(22)は、ガスタービンにおける高温ガスの流れの経路へと露出された当該タービン構成部品の外面を定め、前記コーティング(22)は、
30重量%〜40重量%のコバルトと、
22重量%〜25重量%のクロムと、
8重量%〜12重量%のアルミニウムと、
0重量%より大きく6重量%以下のタングステンと、
0重量%より大きく4重量%以下のタンタルと、
0重量%より大きく0.1重量%以下のハフニウムと、
0重量%より大きく0.1重量%以下のシリコンと、
0.3重量%〜1重量%のイットリウムと、
ニッケルと
を含み、
前記コーティング(22)は、ピンニング剤の分布を含んでおり、該ピンニング剤は、前記コーティング(22)内に定められる粒子の間の界面に位置し、前記コーティング(22)の平均粒子サイズは、0.1ミクロン〜5ミクロンである、タービン構成部品。 - 前記コーティング(22)は、5μm〜100μm、好ましくは10μm〜約90μm、より好ましくは12μm〜75μmである前記超合金製の基材(26)上の厚さを有する請求項1に記載のタービン構成部品。
- 前記コーティング(22)の平均粒子サイズは、0.5ミクロン〜2.5ミクロンである請求項1または2に記載のタービン構成部品。
- 前記コーティング(22)は、化学蒸着、原子層堆積、物理蒸着、めっき、溶射、又は拡散コーティングプロセスによって付着させられ、前記超合金製の基材(26)は、ニッケル系超合金、コバルト系超合金、又は鉄系超合金を含む請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のタービン構成部品。
- 前記コーティング(22)は、ランタン、セリウム、ジルコニウム、マグネシウム、希土類金属、又はこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを更に含む請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のタービン構成部品。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のタービン構成部品を備えるガスタービンであって、
前記タービン構成部品は、当該ガスタービンの高温ガスの流れの経路内に配置され、該高温ガスの流れの経路へと露出された前記コーティング(22)が、当該ガスタービンの内部の前記超合金製の基材(26)を保護するガスタービン。
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2014
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