JP6538551B2 - Disaster prevention shelter and construction method of the disaster prevention shelter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention shelter capable of taking concrete measures for seismic reinforcement effective in terms of cost and safety, and a method of constructing the disaster prevention shelter.

  Japan is a frequent area of earthquakes, and disaster prevention education has been provided to the people for some time, and concrete measures such as strengthening buildings against earthquakes where it is unclear when it will occur now Efforts are underway to take measures. However, such anti-seismic reinforcement measures have not been widely spread particularly due to various reasons such as the cost of seismic retrofit, especially in general houses and the like.

  On the other hand, in view of the large cost burden for earthquake-proof renovation, the earthquake-resistant reinforcement of a part of a building such as a general house, for example, a close-up etc., does not cost that much and the victims can safely It is effective from the viewpoints of cost and safety to take the following measures that can be evacuated.

  For example, a multi-hatch, substantially box-shaped shelter that can be stored and installed in a closet or the like and that can realize stability and safety is disclosed. The multi-hatch approximate box-type shelter can be stored and installed in a house without taking up a place by a configuration in which at least two hatches of the entrance and exit are provided with a box shape of a size that can be installed at the lower stage such as a closet. In addition, there is an effect that it is possible to evacuate safely (Patent Document 1).

  In addition, when constructing a new house, when constructing a place such as a closet, a closet, a corridor, a place where one usually lives and a place where emergency evacuation is easy, such as a bedroom, assemble the wall surface of the place with a seismic wall There is disclosed a housing provided with an evacuation box that does not collapse in the event of an earthquake or the like by forming it in an open box shape. In addition, in the housing provided with the evacuation box, it is disclosed that a foundation can be constructed in the ground under the close-up floor, an evacuation box can be provided on the foundation, and evacuation can be performed from under the close-up floor through the evacuation opening ( Patent Document 2).

JP, 2015-193373, A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-115662

  However, in the technology described in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that evacuation is difficult for the disaster victims, particularly elderly people, because the entrance of the shelter is narrowly formed at a position high from the floor surface. In addition, although shelters can be stored in the lower part of the closet, daily necessities can not be stored at all in the lower part, and they become dead space in the normal state, and the shelter is exposed and looks good when the bran is open. And there was also a problem that it lacked the designability in normal times.

  In addition, in the technology described in Patent Document 2, when newly constructing a house, it is necessary to assemble a seismic wall in advance as a wall surface of a close-up, and also, when remodeling a house for seismic reinforcement, underground It is necessary to reassemble the foundations and to reassemble the existing walls and ceilings, and to reassemble the seismic walls again, requiring a large-scale refurbishing work, prolonging the construction period and increasing the cost burden. There was a problem.

  Therefore, the present invention is a concrete measure of seismic reinforcement that is effective in terms of cost and safety, and it is easy to make a part of the storage space, such as a building, such as a house, a part of the room, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a disaster prevention shelter which can be reinforced by earthquake resistance and which is excellent in design during peace, and a method of constructing the disaster prevention shelter.

In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the present invention was constituted as follows. That is, one form of the disaster prevention shelter disclosed in the present application is a disaster prevention shelter constructed by incorporating it into a storage space such as a close-up or closet of a building such as a house or part of a room, and the floor of the storage space or The floor part of the room is opened to form an opening face, and the base part installed on the ground surface below the floor with the floor surface under the floor exposed, and the storage space or the space from above the base part It is characterized by comprising one or more legs erected in the room, and a top plate supported by the upper end of the one or more legs.

Moreover, another form of the disaster prevention shelter disclosed in the present application is a disaster prevention shelter constructed by being incorporated into a closet of a building such as the house, wherein the top plate is supported by the upper ends of the one or more legs. It is characterized in that it is provided as a mid plate of the push-in or as a part of the mid plate.

Further, in another aspect of the disaster prevention shelter disclosed in the present application , the opening surface is formed in a rectangular shape in a floor surface of the storage space or a partial floor surface of a room, and the opening surface is formed on the base portion A rectangular frame-shaped bottom plate formed in accordance with the depth of the rectangular opening surface and the approximate length of the lateral width is provided, and the bottom plate uses the approximate length of the depth or the lateral width of the opening surface as a long side. Each of the pair of trapezoidal bottom plate members is formed into a square frame shape by contacting the trapezoidal legs with the trapezoidal short sides inside, and the one or more legs are erected from the bottom plate. It is characterized by

Further, in another form of the disaster prevention shelter disclosed in the present application , the opening surface is formed in a rectangular shape in a floor surface of the storage space or a partial floor surface of a room, and the leg portion is the base portion A total of four legs erected along the four corners of the opening from above, and two opposing legs erected along the center of the lateral width of the opening from above the base portion It is characterized by being composed of six legs.

Moreover, another form of the disaster prevention shelter disclosed in the present application is characterized in that the top plate is formed in a rectangular shape, and is formed in a substantially U-shaped cross-sectional view in which both ends in the longitudinal direction are bent downward.

Furthermore, the method of constructing a disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1 of the present invention is a method of constructing a disaster prevention shelter built by being incorporated into a push-in of a building in a house, and when the existing push-in has an intermediate plate Disassembling the intermediate plate, opening the floor surface of the push-in to form an opening surface, exposing the ground surface under the floor, installing the foundation on the ground surface under the floor, and A step of erecting one or a plurality of leg portions from above the base portion into the push-in, and a step of providing a top plate supported on the upper end of the leg as a middle plate of the push-in or as a part of the middle plate And is included .

According to the disaster prevention shelter having the configuration described in paragraph "0010" , the storage space or room of the building such as a house can be easily refurbished without disassembling the wall or ceiling of the building such as a house It is possible to make some of them seismically reinforced. In addition, even when a building such as a house is newly built, the storage space or part of the room can be made by a simple operation by incorporating the disaster prevention shelter when constructing part of the storage space or room. It can be made aseismic reinforcement.

  In addition, according to the disaster prevention shelter, the strength of the storage space against impact or heavy pressure due to rubble or debris can be improved, so that in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, if a victim escapes within the disaster prevention shelter It can protect its own body safely, and by providing a foundation on the ground floor, it has excellent stability against earthquakes etc., so it can protect the victims' bodies more safely.

  In addition, since the disaster prevention shelter is a structure in which the floor space of the storage space or a part of the room is dug down from the floor, it is necessary to take refuge from the floor of the room of a building or the like into the disaster prevention shelter. Even elderly people or disabled people can evacuate smoothly.

In addition, according to the disaster prevention shelter constructed as a close-in , which has the configuration described in paragraph “0011” , since the top-plate serves as a middle plate, since the disaster-reduction shelter is constructed only in the lower stage below the middle plate, the close-in Compared to strengthening the whole by earthquake proofing, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of debris and debris, also shorten the construction period of the refurbishing work and reduce the cost burden, and furthermore, the height of the disaster prevention shelter By constructing relatively low to the mid plate, the strength of the disaster prevention shelter can be improved more than constructing with the entire height of the closet, and the victims can be protected more safely.

Further, according to the disaster prevention shelter having the configuration described in the paragraph "0012" , the strength of the whole disaster prevention shelter is improved not only by providing the square frame-shaped bottom plate, but also the strength in the twisting direction is particularly high. In order to improve, the strength can be improved not only from above but also from shocks or heavy pressure from debris and debris from diagonal directions etc., and the disaster victims can protect themselves more safely in the disaster prevention shelter. Can.

  The square frame-shaped bottom plate is a pair of trapezoidal bottom plate members each having a long side formed in accordance with the depth or width of the opening surface, each trapezoidal in a trapezoidal short side inside. By making it possible to form trapezoidal legs so as to be in contact, the construction is excellent without feeling particularly narrow from the interior of a room such as a house to the storage space or part of the floor of the room, the bottom plate The work efficiency to form the

Further, according to the disaster prevention shelter having the configuration described in the paragraph "0013" , by providing two legs facing each other not only at the four corners but also near the widthwise center of the legs, an impact against the top plate is provided. The strength can be improved in a well-balanced manner against pressure and heavy pressure, and especially for elderly people or physically disabled people, it is possible to grasp the leg near the middle of the width width and evacuate in the disaster prevention shelter, so the disaster prevention smoothly and safely. It can be evacuated inside the shelter. Further, according to the two leg portions in the vicinity of the center in the lateral width, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of rubble, scattered matter and the like into the disaster prevention shelter.

In addition, according to the disaster prevention shelter having the configuration described in the paragraph “0014” , the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the top plate is bent into a U shape in cross section view, whereby debris, scattered matter, etc. of the top plate can be obtained. The impact resistance can be improved and victims can protect themselves more safely in the disaster prevention shelter.

Furthermore, according to the construction method of the disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1 , it is possible to easily reinforce the insertion of a building such as a house by a simple refurbishing operation without disassembling the wall surface or ceiling of the house building. can do. As a result, it is possible to construct a cost and safety disaster prevention shelter without spending a great deal of cost to take concrete measures for seismic reinforcement.

In addition, the disaster prevention shelter described above is not a so-called full-fledged appearance as a shelter specialized for so-called disaster prevention, and particularly the storage space as usually constructed in a housing when constructed in the storage space. It is also superior in design during normal times, as it is comparable to the interior of the interior. In addition, if evacuation space is secured in the disaster prevention shelter, it is possible to store not only damaged goods but also ordinary daily items in the disaster prevention shelter.

It is a perspective view showing a disaster prevention shelter concerning the present invention. It is a bottom view showing a square frame-like bottom plate. It is a figure which shows the 1st and 2nd process of the construction method of a disaster prevention shelter. It is a figure which shows a 3rd process. It is a figure which shows a 4th process. It is a figure which shows a 5th process.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on the drawings. First, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present invention. The disaster prevention shelter 1 has, as a basic structure, a base portion 2 installed on the ground surface below the floor, a plurality of leg portions 3 erected upward from above the base portion 2, and a plurality of the leg portions 3 It is comprised from the top plate 4 provided in the upper end. In the present embodiment, the case where the disaster prevention shelter 1 is constructed in the insert X out of the storage space such as the insert X or the closet, or a part of the room will be described. In addition, the code | symbol Y in a figure shows the floor surface in a room.

  The base portion 2 opens the entire floor surface of the push-in X to form a quadrangular opening surface and exposes the ground surface from within the push-in X, and then substantially covers the depth α and width β of the push-in X It is installed by constructing a concrete form on the ground surface and placing concrete in the form. Alternatively, a concrete block installable in the approximate range may be formed externally in advance and then installed on the ground surface. Thus, by providing the foundation portion 2 on the ground surface below the floor, the stability of the disaster prevention shelter 1 itself against a shake such as an earthquake can be increased, and the victims can be protected more safely. In addition, the ground surface under the floor represents not only the ground surface consisting of earth and sand but also the surface of the foundation concrete when the foundation concrete of the building is exposed under the floor, and the ground surface under the floor is It means a face.

  The plurality of legs 3 are formed on the base 2 along the four legs 3 erected along the four corners of the insert X and along the vicinity of the center of the lateral width β of the insert X. A total of six legs 3 and three legs 3 are provided. If the leg 3 can support the table 4, one leg 3 can be provided at the center near the center of the table 4, but from the viewpoint of seismic reinforcement in the disaster prevention shelter 1 Preferably, at least four legs 3 at the four corners of the insert X are provided, and furthermore, two legs 3 near the center of the width β of the insert X are provided as in the present embodiment, for a total of six. That's good.

  In addition, by standing the four legs 3 as if they abut on the four corners of the push-in X, the lower end of the push-in X can be used widely enough effectively as an evacuation space, and In normal times, evacuation goods and ordinary daily items can be stored after securing evacuation space.

  Further, by providing the leg 3 on the opening side of the push-in X along the vicinity of the center of the width β of the push-in X, the disaster-affected person can hold it and evacuate it in the disaster prevention shelter 1. Or even a physically disabled person can evacuate smoothly and safely.

  The top plate 4 is formed of a steel plate, and both end portions in the longitudinal direction of the top plate 4 are formed in a substantially U-shape in cross-sectional view bent downward in the vertical direction. The top plate 4 is attached as a middle plate that divides the upper and lower portions in the press-in X, and the top plate 4 is supported by the plurality of legs 3. In addition, for example, the top plate 4 covers the wooden decorative plate on the top plate 4 and attaches it as a part of the middle plate, or on the lower surface of the middle plate main body of wood provided near the center in the height direction of the insert X A top plate 4 may be provided along the surface, and the wooden middle plate main body may be attached as a part of the middle plate like a middle plate support plate that supports it from below, usually considering the appearance design. Thus, it is preferable to use the top 4 as a part of the middle plate.

  As described above, the disaster prevention shelter 1 is constructed by incorporating it from the floor of the insert X to the lower part of the insert X from the lower plate, and intrusion of debris, debris and the like as compared to seismic strengthening of the entire insert X Can be prevented, the construction period of the refurbishing work can be shortened, and the cost burden can be reduced, and furthermore, the height of the close-up X can be reduced by constructing the height of the disaster prevention shelter 1 as low as the middle plate. The strength of the disaster prevention shelter 1 can be secured rather than building with

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present invention has a heat insulating material 5 laid on the base portion 2 and an upper surface of the heat insulating material 5 besides the basic structure as described above. The floor plate 6 provided in the lower floor, the underfloor side wall 7 erected along the wall surface of the push-in X from the side end on the base portion 2 upward, and the upper surface of the heat insulator 5 at the lower end of the plurality of leg portions 3 And a rectangular frame-shaped bottom plate 8 provided on the

  The heat insulating material 5 is made of extruded polystyrene foam of the heat insulating material, and a heat insulating material different from the heat insulating material 5 may be provided. By laying the heat insulating material 5 or the heat insulating material on the base portion 2, the room temperature in the disaster prevention shelter can be maintained relatively comfortably, and especially in the evacuation situation where the body temperature is likely to decrease in winter etc. It can create an evacuation environment that does not reduce it. In addition, on the upper surface of the heat insulating material 5 and the upper surface of the bottom plate 8, a floor plate 6 which is a floor surface of the disaster prevention shelter 1 is installed except for the portion where the leg portion 3 is present.

  The underfloor side wall 7 covers the side of the disaster prevention shelter 1 under the floor of the push-in X, and extends from above the base portion 2 to the side end of the opening face where the push-in X floor surface is opened. It is provided on the four sides under the floor. According to the underfloor side wall 7, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of pests, pests and the like from the side direction of the underfloor, and to protect the disaster victim from the draft, the scattered matter, the rubble and the like. Further, the heat insulating material 5 or the heat insulating material may be provided also in the under floor side wall 7.

  The bottom plate 8 is a quadrangular frame formed along the approximate length of the depth α and the width β of the push-in, and is provided on the top surface of the heat insulating material 5. It is set up in the closet X. Therefore, standing the leg 3 on the base 2 is not only the case where the leg 3 is set upright directly on the upper surface of the base 2 but also the bottom plate 8 between the base 2 and the leg 3 And the above-mentioned meaning such as above the base portion 2.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the bottom plate 8 has a pair of bottom plate members 8a of trapezoidal shape whose long sides are substantially the length of the depth α or width β of the push-in, with the short side of the trapezoidal shape inside. The adjacent trapezoidal legs are formed in a square frame shape by being in contact with each other. As a result, even from the indoor floor surface Y, it is possible to provide the square frame-shaped bottom plate 8 easily on the base portion 2 with excellent workability without feeling the narrowness under the floor in the press-in X.

  According to the disaster prevention shelter 1 configured in this way, it is possible to easily incorporate the disaster prevention shelter 1 into the closet X by simple refurbishing work without disassembling the wall surface or ceiling of a building such as a house and make it easy to reinforce by earthquake. it can. In addition, since the strength of the storage space against impact or heavy pressure due to debris and debris can be improved, if a disaster victim shelters in the disaster prevention shelter 1 in the case of a disaster such as an earthquake, he / she can It can protect. Furthermore, in terms of appearance, it is not inferior to a closet X before refurbishing, and also has excellent design in the time of peace.

  In addition, since the disaster prevention shelter 1 has a structure in which the floor surface of the insert X is dug down from the floor surface, it can be evacuated as it descends into the disaster prevention shelter 1 from the floor surface Y of a building or other building. Even elderly people or disabled people can evacuate smoothly.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 3 to FIG. 6, the procedure of the basic construction method of the disaster prevention shelter 1 will be specifically described below.

  First, as shown in FIG. 3, a working space for construction of the disaster prevention shelter 1 is secured by disassembling and removing the existing middle plate of the punch X (first step). After that, the entire surface of the lower floor of the press-in X is opened to form a square opening, and the ground surface below the floor is exposed (second step). In addition, the said FIG. 3 does not show the floor surface itself of a center plate and pushing-in X, and shows the state which removed these already or open | released. The middle plate is provided near the center in the height direction of the insert X as in a general Japanese house, and divides the upper storage space and the lower storage space.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the foundation part 2 is constructed on the ground surface below the floor (third step). The foundation portion 2 is formed by forming a concrete mold on the ground surface under the floor according to the width of the opening, and pouring concrete into the mold. Alternatively, a concrete block or the like constructed in advance may be transported from the outside and installed on the ground surface. When the concrete block is larger than the width of the opening, the concrete block divided into a plurality of small pieces may be formed, transported under the floor, and then assembled to construct the base portion 2.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, four legs 3 erected along the four corners of the punch X and a pair of opposing two erected erect near the center of the width β of the punch X A total of six legs 3 of the legs 3 are erected from above the base 2 (fourth step).

  By the way, when attaching the heat insulating material 5, the floor plate 6, the underfloor side wall 7, and the bottom plate 8 shown in FIG. 1 in the above-mentioned embodiment in this construction method, the attaching process is carried out before and after providing the plurality of legs 3. Do.

  Specifically, after placing the foundation portion 2 shown in FIG. 3 on the ground surface below the floor, first, as shown in FIG. 1, the underfloor side wall 7 is moved from the foundation portion 2 to the side edge of the opening surface. Over the four sides of the side. Then, after the heat insulating material 5 is laid on the upper surface of the base portion 2, the bottom plate 8 of FIG. 2 is installed on the heat insulating material 5 by assembling the bottom plate members 8a of trapezoidal shape. And the six legs 3 are erected. Thereafter, the floor plate 6 having a portion corresponding to the leg portion 3 cut away is laid on the upper surface of the heat insulating material 5 and the upper surface of the bottom plate 8 excluding the surface on which the plurality of leg portions 3 are erected.

  Finally, as shown in FIG. 6, the top plate 4 supported by the upper ends of the legs 3 is provided as the middle plate at the height of the existing middle plate (fifth step). Although it is possible to provide the top plate 4 along the lower surface of the middle plate without removing the middle plate of the push-in X, it is possible to secure a working space by removing the middle plate and then working. , Construction is improved. After that, a wooden decorative board is coated on the top surface of the top board 4 as a finish. Further, the height at which the top plate 4 is provided is not limited to the height at which the existing middle plate was present, and if the evacuation space can be secured below the top plate 4, the height can be set to a desired height.

  By constructing the disaster prevention shelter 1 in this way, it is possible to easily evacuate and evacuate a location that can be evacuated without performing a large-scale renovation work such as dismantling the side wall or ceiling of the close-up X of the existing building. It is possible to install concrete measures of seismic reinforcement in terms of cost and safety. Furthermore, in terms of appearance, it is not inferior to a closet X before refurbishing, and also has excellent design in the time of peace.

  Next, the structure calculation results of the disaster prevention shelter 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described below.

In this calculation, a total of six legs 3 including four legs erected along the four corners of the insert X and two opposing legs along the vicinity of the center of the width β of the insert X are provided. In the disaster prevention shelter 1, as a material of the plurality of legs 3, size (B × D = 75 mm × 75 mm), thickness (t = 3.2 mm), cross sectional area (A = 8.927 cm ² ), cross section coefficient Z = 20.1 cm ³ ), moment of inertia (I = 75.5 cm ⁴ ), radius of inertia (i = 2.91 cm), material strength (F = 235 N / mm ² ), long-term allowable application strength (ft) Using a steel square steel pipe (STKR400) with 157 N / mm ² ), slenderness ratio (λ = 125.8 mm / 2.91 = 43.2) and tensile strength (fc = 141 N / mm ² ) Structural calculation was performed for the vertical load.

  As a result of the structural calculation, the maximum weight that one leg 3 of the plurality of legs 3 can bear is P = 8.927 × 100 × 141 = 125870.7 N = 125.9 KN (12.8 t). Since the number of the legs 3 is six in total, it was found that the maximum weight that can be borne by the whole disaster prevention shelter 1 is WW = 125.9 × 6 = 755.4 KN (77.1 t).

  From the above, the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present invention can withstand a load of 77.1 tons against vertical load, and has sufficiently effective strength against impact and heavy pressure of rubble and debris. In the event of an earthquake, etc., it turned out that victims can be evacuated safely.

  Furthermore, by providing the bottom plate 8 at the lower end of the leg portion 3, the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present invention is excellent not only in strength against vertical load but also in strength in the twisting direction. The table-top 2 whose strength is improved by forming it into a letter shape can safely protect the victims.

  In the above embodiment, the disaster prevention shelter 1 is provided after the insertion X of the existing house as a retrofit. However, the disaster prevention shelter 1 may be provided in a storage space such as a closet or a shoe box at the entrance or in a part of the room. When constructing the disaster prevention shelter 1 in a part of the room, the floor surface is opened in the range to be constructed, and the disaster prevention shelter 1 is constructed from the base portion 2 in the same manner as the push-in X. The top plate 4 used as the middle plate of X may be covered with a decorative plate or the like, and can be used as a display shelf of a decorative item, a top plate of a desk, or the like.

  In the above embodiment, the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present invention is to be retrofitted to an existing building or the like by retrofitting, but the storage space of the closet X or the closet is newly built when the building is newly built It goes without saying that the disaster prevention shelter 1 can be incorporated into a part of the room or the like for construction. At this time, the storage space such as the push-in X or the floor surface such as a part of the room is not provided but opened to expose the ground surface under the floor, and in the case of the existing push-in X The disaster prevention shelter 1 can be easily incorporated into the insert X by a simple operation and made to be aseismic reinforcement by making the top plate 4 a middle plate or the like after constructing the base portion 2 etc. without providing in advance.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 disaster prevention shelter 2 base part 3 legs 4 top plate 5 heat insulating material 6 floor board 7 bottom wall side wall 8 bottom plate 8a bottom plate member X pushing-in Y floor surface alpha depth beta width

Claims (1)

It is a construction method of the disaster prevention shelter built by being built in to a closet of a residential building,
If there is an intermediate plate in the existing push-in, dismantling the intermediate plate;
Opening the floor surface of the push-in to form an opening surface to expose the ground surface under the floor;
Installing the foundation on the ground below the floor;
Erecting one or more legs from above the base into the insert;
And a step of providing a top plate supported on the upper end of the leg as the middle plate of the push-in or as a part of the middle plate.

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