JP6458046B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6458046B2 JP6458046B2 JP2016556431A JP2016556431A JP6458046B2 JP 6458046 B2 JP6458046 B2 JP 6458046B2 JP 2016556431 A JP2016556431 A JP 2016556431A JP 2016556431 A JP2016556431 A JP 2016556431A JP 6458046 B2 JP6458046 B2 JP 6458046B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 531
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 183
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 159
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 159
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 156
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04197—Preventing means for fuel crossover
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04402—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode exhausts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
カソード電極 : 4H++4e-+O2→2H2O ・・・(2)
この(1)(2)の電極反応によって燃料電池は1ボルト程度の起電力を生じる。
Claims (12)
- アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給し、負荷に応じて前記燃料電池を発電させる燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムのアノード系内へアノードガスの供給するための供給弁と、
前記アノード系内からオフガスを排出するためのパージ弁と、
前記アノード系内の圧力を推定又は計測する圧力検出部と、
前記燃料電池の負荷に基づいて、前記供給弁の開閉を制御する供給弁制御部と、
前記パージ弁を通って前記アノード系内から排出されるオフガスのパージ流量を推定するパージ流量推定部と、
前記供給弁の閉弁中に合わせて前記パージ弁を開弁するパージ弁制御部と、
を備え、
前記パージ流量推定部は、
前記供給弁の閉弁中に、前記圧力検出部による推定値又は計測値に基づいて前記アノード系内の圧力低下を推定し、該アノード系内の圧力低下に相関するパージ流量を推定するためのデータを取得し、
前記供給弁の開弁中に前記データに基づいてパージ流量を算出する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ弁制御部は、前記供給弁の閉弁後、所定時間が経過してから前記パージ弁を開弁する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ弁制御部は、前記供給弁の閉弁中に前記パージ弁を所定の開弁時間だけ開弁したら、前記パージ弁を閉弁する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ弁制御部は、前記開弁時間が経過する前に前記供給弁が開弁されたときは、前記供給弁の開弁タイミングに合わせて前記パージ弁を閉弁し、次の前記供給弁の閉弁中に再度前記パージ弁を開弁する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ弁制御部は、前記供給弁の開弁前に前記パージ弁を閉弁する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ流量推定部によって推定されたパージ流量に基づいて、パージ量が不足しているか否かを判定する判定部を備え、
前記パージ弁制御部は、
前記燃料電池の負荷に基づいて前記パージ弁を開弁するまでの間隔を変更し、
パージ量が不足していると判定されたときは、前記パージ弁を開弁するまでの間隔を、前記燃料電池の負荷に基づいて設定される間隔よりも短くする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項6に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ弁制御部は、
前記燃料電池の負荷に基づいて前記パージ弁の開弁要求時間を算出し、前記開弁要求時間の積算値が第1所定値以上になったときに前記パージ弁の開弁指令を出し、
パージ量が不足していないと判定されたときは前記開弁要求時間の積算値を前記パージ弁の開弁時間だけ減算し、パージ量が不足していると判定されたときは前記開弁要求時間の積算値をそのまま保持する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項6又は請求項7に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記判定部は、前記パージ流量推定部によって推定されたパージ流量と、前記燃料電池の負荷に応じた閾値と、に基づいてパージ量が不足しているか否かを判定し、
前記閾値は、前記パージ弁を開弁するまでの間隔が長くなるほど小さくなるように補正される、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ弁制御部は、前記燃料電池の負荷が所定負荷よりも高いときは、前記供給弁の開弁中から前記パージ弁を開弁する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項9に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ弁制御部は、
前記供給弁の開弁中に前記パージ弁を開弁した場合において、前記供給弁がその後閉弁されてから再度開弁されるまでに前記パージ弁の開弁時間が所定の開弁時間を経過していない場合、前記供給弁の再開弁タイミングに合わせて前記パージ弁を閉弁し、その後の前記供給弁の閉弁中に前記パージ弁を再度開弁する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項10までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ流量推定部は、
前記供給弁の閉弁中におけるパージ弁開弁時の圧力低下とパージ弁閉弁時の圧力低下とに基づいて、前記パージ流量を推定する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項11に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記パージ流量推定部は、
前記供給弁の閉弁中におけるパージ弁開弁時の圧力低下に基づいて、パージ弁開弁期間に前記アノード系内から流出するガス流量を推定する第1推定部と、
前記供給弁の閉弁中におけるパージ弁閉弁時の圧力低下に基づいて、パージ弁の開閉状態によらずにアノード系内から流出するガス流量を推定する第2推定部と、
を備え、
前記第1推定部で推定したガス流量と、前記第2推定部で推定したガス流量と、に基づいて前記パージ流量を推定する、
燃料電池システム。
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JP2014219712 | 2014-10-28 | ||
JP2014219712 | 2014-10-28 | ||
PCT/JP2015/076340 WO2016067782A1 (ja) | 2014-10-28 | 2015-09-16 | 燃料電池システム |
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JPWO2016067782A1 JPWO2016067782A1 (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
JP6458046B2 true JP6458046B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 |
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US (1) | US10497955B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3214687B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6458046B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107078322B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2965901C (ja) |
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WO2016067789A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
CN107078319B (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2020-05-12 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池系统及其制造方法 |
CN107078322B (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2021-02-02 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
CN113540535A (zh) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-22 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 用于氢燃料电池的控制方法、控制系统及氢燃料电池 |
CN114759233B (zh) * | 2022-05-24 | 2024-01-26 | 苏州溯驭技术有限公司 | 一种适用于氢燃料系统的排氮阀控制方法及其排氮阀系统 |
CN116364981B (zh) * | 2022-12-27 | 2024-03-26 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | 氢燃料电池的阳极压力平衡方法、装置及设备 |
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US20050142400A1 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-06-30 | Nuvera Fuel Cells | Safe purging of water from fuel cell stacks |
JP2008041329A (ja) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP5446023B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2014-03-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5013171B2 (ja) | 2006-10-11 | 2012-08-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5221908B2 (ja) | 2007-08-03 | 2013-06-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 |
JP2009193838A (ja) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-27 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
CA2810657C (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2014-12-16 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and operating method thereof |
US8701468B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2014-04-22 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Flow estimation based on anode pressure response in fuel cell system |
CN104185919A (zh) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-12-03 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
US20150017562A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-01-15 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd | Fuel cell system and control method of fuel cell system |
CN104160542A (zh) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-11-19 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
WO2016067789A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP6295340B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-28 | 2018-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
CN107078322B (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2021-02-02 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池系统 |
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- 2015-09-16 EP EP15854564.0A patent/EP3214687B1/en active Active
- 2015-09-16 JP JP2016556431A patent/JP6458046B2/ja active Active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN107078322B (zh) | 2021-02-02 |
CN107078322A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
EP3214687A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
WO2016067782A1 (ja) | 2016-05-06 |
EP3214687A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
CA2965901C (en) | 2022-03-01 |
CA2965901A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
US20170373334A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
JPWO2016067782A1 (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
US10497955B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
EP3214687B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
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