JP6395622B2 - Heat storage device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat storage device.

  Conventionally, by utilizing the heat of exhaust gas generated in an internal combustion engine, calcium hydroxide provided in the reactor is dehydrated to store heat, and the desorbed water is stored. A heat storage device is known in which heat is generated by hydration reaction with calcium oxide and cooling water or the like is heated by this heat (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2008-11579A

  In the conventional heat storage device, the exhaust gas flows through the lower part of the reactor, the cooling water flows through the upper part, and the exhaust gas flow path and the cooling water flow path are provided close to each other. It is necessary to provide a separate detour so that cooling water does not flow in the reactor except when heat is generated in the reactor. There is a problem that the structure becomes complicated.

  Then, an object of this invention is to propose the thermal storage apparatus which solved the said problem.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a porous body carrying a first flow path through which a first fluid flows, a heat storage material that stores heat by performing a dehydration reaction by heat and releases heat by a hydration reaction. A first heat exchanger having a second flow path provided therein,
A heat storage device for chromatic and third channel which second fluid flows, a second heat exchanger having a fourth channel that communicates with the second flow path,
One reactor equipped apart the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger therein provided,
Providing a condensing part for communicating with the reactor and cooling and storing water;
In the mounted state of the heat storage device , a water supply unit that supplies water in the condensing unit into the second flow path above the heat storage material is provided,
In the state in which the heat storage material is stored, the second flow path and the fourth flow path are in a reduced pressure state.

A plurality of the first flow path and the second flow path, the first flow path and the second flow path are alternately positioned, and the first flow path and the second flow path are partitioned by a partition;
The porous body may be sandwiched between the plurality of partition walls or between the partition walls and a case constituting the reactor.

  Further, the third flow path and the fourth flow path may be alternately positioned, and fins may be formed on the fourth flow path side of the partition wall that divides the third flow path and the fourth flow path.

  According to the present invention, in the reactor, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are provided separately from each other, and in the state where the heat storage material stores heat, the second flow path of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are provided. Since the inside of the fourth flow path of the two heat exchangers is in a depressurized state, the second fluid can be prevented from being heated by the heat of the first fluid other than during the heat dissipation of the heat storage material. Unlike the technology, there is no need to provide a path for bypassing the second fluid, and the structure can be simplified.

The front view of the thermal storage apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. The right view of FIG. The top view of FIG. AA sectional view taken on the line AA of FIG. BB sectional drawing of FIG. The expanded sectional view of the 2nd heat exchanger used for the heat storage apparatus of FIG. Sectional drawing of the condensation part used for the heat generating apparatus of FIG. Sectional drawing of the condensation part used for Example 2 of this invention. The partial expanded sectional view of the heat storage apparatus which concerns on Example 4 of this invention.

  A mode for carrying out the present invention will be described based on an embodiment shown in the drawings.

[Example 1]
1 to 7 show a first embodiment.

  1 is a front view of a heat storage device 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. This heat storage device 1 is mounted on an exhaust system of a vehicle or the like using an internal combustion engine so that the upper part of FIG. In the following description, it demonstrates based on the state which mounted the heat storage apparatus 1 in the vehicle.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the heat storage device 1 includes a reactor 2 and a condensing unit 3. The upper part of the reactor 2 and the upper part of the condensing unit 3 communicate with each other through a first pipe 4. Is provided with a first valve 5. Further, the central part of the reactor 2 and the lower part of the condensing part 3 communicate with each other through a second pipe 6, and the second pipe 6 is provided with a second valve 7.

  A connecting portion 11 to which an upstream exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas or the like as a first fluid flows is connected to the front side of the lower part of the reactor 2, and a connecting portion 12 to which a downstream exhaust pipe is connected to the back side. Is provided. In addition, an upstream medium flow path through which cooling water for the cooling system of the internal combustion engine or the like, which is the second fluid, and lubricating oil such as engine oil and mission oil circulates is connected to the rear side of the upper portion of the reactor 2. The connecting portion 20 is provided on the front side with a connecting portion 22 to which the downstream medium flow path is connected, and the connecting portion 20 is positioned below the connecting portion 22.

  A first heat exchanger 13 is provided in the lower part of the reactor 2 and a second heat exchanger 14 is provided in the upper part. As shown in FIG. 5, the first heat exchanger 13 and the second heat exchanger are provided. The container 14 is provided so as to be spaced apart in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the first heat exchanger 13 has a plurality of first flow paths 16 and second flow paths 17 formed by arranging a plurality of partition plates 18 in the left-right direction. . That is, the first flow path 16 and the second flow path 17 are partitioned by the plate 18. The first flow path 16 communicates with the connecting portions 11 and 12 so that exhaust gas or the like as the first fluid can flow therethrough. The second flow path 17 is formed so as to open in the vertical direction and communicate with the inside of the reactor 2. As a result, heat exchange is performed between the first fluid in the first channel 16 and the fluid in the second channel 17.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a plate-shaped porous body 19 is provided in the second flow path 17, and the porous body 19 includes the left and right plates 18 and 18 or the plate 18 and the reactor 2. It is clamped by the case 2a to be formed. The porous body 19 can be formed in an arbitrary shape such as a round shape or an irregular shape other than the plate shape. The porous body 19 carries a heat storage material that performs a dehydration reaction with heat to store heat, and dissipates heat by a hydration reaction.

  Examples of the heat storage material after the dehydration reaction include oxides of alkaline earth metals such as calcium oxide, barium oxide and magnesium oxide, oxides of transition metals such as nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, nitric oxide and copper oxide, and oxidation. Examples include oxides of typical metals such as aluminum, calcium sulfate, calcium bromide and the like. In this example, calcium oxide was used.

  The porous body 19 has a heat resistance and is formed in a three-dimensional solid network with a metal or carbon that does not react with the heat storage material, and a large number of communicating chambers are formed inside, and the chambers communicate with the outside. It is formed to do. The porosity of the porous body 19 is preferably about 60%.

  The porous body 19 carries 60 to 90% by weight of a heat storage material. As a method for supporting the heat storage material on the porous body 19, for example, after applying the slurry heat storage material to the porous body 19, a predetermined pressure or more is applied to put the heat storage material in the pores of the porous body 19. Positioned, held and carried.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the second heat exchanger 14 has a plurality of partitions 21 arranged in parallel in the left-right direction, and third flow paths 23 and fourth flow paths 24 are alternately formed. The third flow path 23 communicates with the connecting portions 20 and 22 so that cooling water or the like as the second fluid can flow therethrough. The fourth flow path 24 opens in the vertical direction, communicates with the inside of the reactor 2, and communicates with the second flow path 17. As a result, heat exchange is performed between the second fluid in the third flow path 23 and the fluid in the fourth flow path 24. As shown in FIG. 6, the plate 21 is preferably formed with a large number of fins 21 a that protrude toward the fourth flow path 24.

  The condensing unit 3 is provided with a fluid channel 27 communicating with the second channel 17 and the fourth channel 24 in the reactor 2 and a cooling water channel 28 through which cooling water flows. An inlet 3a for supplying cooling water to the lower part of the condensing unit 3 and an outlet 3b for discharging cooling water to the upper part thereof are provided. The cooling water flows through the cooling water channel 28 from the bottom to the fluid channel 27. Heat exchange is performed between the internal fluid and the cooling water in the cooling water passage 28. As shown in FIG. 7, fins 29 are formed in the fluid flow path 27, and water is stored in the fluid flow path 27. As shown in FIG. 5, the condensing unit 3 is disposed above the first heat exchanger 13.

  The first pipe 4 communicates with the reactor 2, and the open end of the second pipe 6 is connected to the first heat exchanger 13 and the second heat in the reactor 2 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It is formed so as to be located between the exchangers 14 and opened. Thereby, the second flow path 17 and the fourth flow path 24 communicate with the fluid flow path 27 of the condensing unit 3 through the first pipe 4 and the second pipe 6.

  By providing the condensing unit 3 above the first heat exchanger 13, the water stored in the condensing unit 3 is supplied by its own weight into the second flow path 17 of the first heat exchanger 13. Can be done. The second valve 7 and the second pipe 6 constitute a water supply unit 30 that supplies water into the second flow path 17 in the reactor 2.

  Next, heat dissipation of the heat storage device 1 will be described.

  First, the heat storage material carried by the porous body 19 is in a state of storing heat, which will be described later, in the present embodiment, in a state of calcium oxide, and the first valve 5 and the second valve 7 are closed.

  When the second valve 7 is opened in this state, the water in the condensing unit 3 is supplied to the second flow path 17 of the first heat exchanger 13 in the reactor 2 through the second pipe 6 due to its own weight. After the predetermined amount is supplied, the second valve 7 is closed. The amount of water to be supplied is preferably supplied more than the amount that reacts with the heat storage material and is supplied twice as much as the amount of water that reacts with the heat storage material.

  Water reacts with calcium oxide, which is a heat storage material in the second flow path 17 of the first heat exchanger 13, and is dissipated by a hydration reaction, so that water that has generated heat and has not reacted with the heat storage material is generated heat. It becomes water vapor. The inside of the reactor 2 is pressurized by the generation of the water vapor. Further, the water vapor rises and exchanges heat with cooling water or the like as the second fluid flowing in the third flow path 23 in the fourth flow path 24 of the second heat exchanger 14 at the upper part, and the second fluid Is heated. The water vapor after heat exchange becomes water and returns to the first heat exchanger 13 by its own weight, and reacts again with the heat storage material that has not been hydrated. This series of reactions is repeated until most of the heat storage material supported on the porous body 19 undergoes a hydration reaction.

  With the first valve 5 and the second valve 7 closed, the unreacted water is evaporated as water vapor by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas, which is the first fluid flowing through the first flow path 16. This steam is heat-exchanged with cooling water or the like as the second fluid flowing through the second heat exchanger 14 to become water and returns to the first heat exchanger 13 side by its own weight, and is heated again by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas and evaporated. To do. This series of reactions is repeated while the valves 5 and 7 are closed. As described above, in the heat storage device 1, heating of the cooling water or the like as the second fluid by the heat dissipation of the heat storage material and heating of the cooling water or the like as the second fluid by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas as the first fluid are performed. It can also be used together. In addition, after most of the heat storage material has undergone a hydration reaction, when heating of the second fluid, such as cooling water, is not required, the first valve 5 is opened and unreacted water vapor is stored in the condensing unit 3 as water. In addition, heating the cooling water or the like as the second fluid with the exhaust heat or the like of the exhaust gas as the first fluid can be suppressed by setting the inside of the reactor 2 to a reduced pressure state equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure. .

  Next, heat storage of the heat storage device 1 will be described.

  First, as described above, the heat storage material carried on the porous body 19 is in a state of dissipating heat, and the first valve 5 and the second valve 7 are closed. In this state, the inside of the reactor 2 is kept in a reduced pressure state below atmospheric pressure.

  The first valve 5 is opened, and when the heat storage material is heated by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas flowing through the first flow path 16 until the dehydration reaction is performed, the dehydration reaction occurs. In this embodiment, calcium hydroxide is converted into water. And pyrolyzed to calcium oxide.

  Water vapor generated by the dehydration reaction is guided to the condensing unit 3 through the first pipe 4, cooled with cooling water in the condensing unit 3 to become water, and stored in the fluid flow path 27 of the condensing unit 3 in the water state. When completely pyrolyzed, the first valve 5 is closed to complete heat storage. At this time, since the inside of the reactor 2 is in a reduced pressure state, preferably in a vacuum state, the cooling water or the like as the second fluid flowing through the second heat exchanger 14 is heated by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas as the first fluid or the like. Can be suppressed.

  By configuring the heat storage device 1 in this way, it is not necessary to provide a bypass for the flow path of the second fluid such as cooling water as in the prior art, and it is not necessary to switch the structure, and the structure and control thereof are simplified. Can reduce the cost.

  By supporting the heat storage material on the porous body 19, the heat storage materials can be prevented from being damaged due to vibration of a vehicle or the like, and agglomeration due to pulverization due to the reaction of the heat storage material, and the volume change of the heat storage material can be absorbed. Moreover, since the space (path | route) through which water distribute | circulates between heat storage materials can be ensured, reaction efficiency can be kept constant, without falling.

  Heat transfer efficiency can be increased by sandwiching the porous body 19 between the left and right plates 18 and 18 or the case 2a that forms the reactor 2 with the plate 18.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the heat exchange efficiency can be increased by forming the fins 21 a protruding toward the fourth flow path 24 on the plate 21 of the second heat exchanger 14.

  In addition, although the water in the condensation part 3 was supplied into the 2nd flow path 17 of the 1st heat exchanger 13 with dead weight, you may make it carry out using a pump.

[Example 2]
In the first embodiment, water vapor and water are cooled in the condenser 3 using cooling water. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the water vapor and the like are cooled by air cooling without providing the cooling water flow path 28. You may do it. In this case, it is preferable to form the fin 29a which protrudes inside the peripheral wall which comprises the fluid flow path 28, and the radiation fin 29b on the outer side.

  Since other structures are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the second embodiment, the same operations and effects as the first embodiment are achieved.

[Example 3]
In the first and second embodiments, the exhaust gas or the like as the first fluid is circulated only in the first flow path 16 in the reactor 2, but the first heat exchanger 13 is circulated in the reactor 2. It is also possible to provide a double structure with a storage case for storing the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas or the like as the first fluid can be circulated in the space between the storage case and the case 2a of the reactor 2.

  As described above, the first fluid is also passed through the space between the storage case and the case 2a of the reactor 2, so that the porous body 19 is held between the case 2a of the reactor 2 and the plate 18. The amount of heat released from the heat storage material can be reduced, the temperature of the heat storage material can be increased, and the thermal decomposition efficiency of the heat storage material can be increased.

  Since other structures are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the third embodiment, the same operations and effects as the first and second embodiments are achieved.

[Example 4]
In Examples 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. 9, a thermoelectric element 35 is provided outside the case 2 a of the reactor 2 that sandwiched the porous body 19, and a cooling fin 36 is provided outside the thermoelectric element 35. You may make it provide. The thermoelectric element 35 has a low thermal conductivity and has an effect as a heat insulating material. Electric power can be generated by the element 35.

  Since other structures are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, description thereof is omitted.

  In the fourth embodiment, the same operations and effects as in the first and second embodiments are achieved.

[Other Examples]
Although the said Examples 1-4 apply the thermal storage apparatus 1 to exhaust systems, such as a vehicle which uses an internal combustion engine, the thermal storage apparatus of this invention has the heat quantity which can thermally decompose a thermal storage material besides that. It can be applied to factory equipment that needs to heat the second fluid at the time of start-up or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat storage apparatus 2 Reactor 3 Condensing part 13 1st heat exchanger 14 2nd heat exchanger 16 1st flow path 17 2nd flow path 19 Porous body 23 3rd flow path 24 4th flow path 30 Water supply part

Claims (3)

A first channel having a first flow path through which a first fluid flows, and a second channel having therein a porous body carrying a heat storage material that performs heat dehydration reaction to store heat and dissipates heat by hydration reaction. A heat exchanger,
A heat storage device for chromatic and third channel which second fluid flows, a second heat exchanger having a fourth channel that communicates with the second flow path,
One reactor equipped apart the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger therein provided,
Providing a condensing part for communicating with the reactor and cooling and storing water;
In the mounted state of the heat storage device , a water supply unit that supplies water in the condensing unit into the second flow path above the heat storage material is provided,
A heat storage device, wherein the second flow path and the fourth flow path are in a reduced pressure state in a state where the heat storage material is stored. A plurality of the first flow path and the second flow path, the first flow path and the second flow path are alternately positioned, and the first flow path and the second flow path are partitioned by a partition;
The heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein the porous body is sandwiched between the plurality of partition walls, or the partition and a case constituting the reactor.   3. The fins are formed on the fourth channel side of the partition wall that partitions the third channel and the fourth channel by alternately positioning the third channel and the fourth channel. The heat storage device described.

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