JP6369992B2 - 溶解型マイクロニードル製剤 - Google Patents
溶解型マイクロニードル製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6369992B2 JP6369992B2 JP2015056111A JP2015056111A JP6369992B2 JP 6369992 B2 JP6369992 B2 JP 6369992B2 JP 2015056111 A JP2015056111 A JP 2015056111A JP 2015056111 A JP2015056111 A JP 2015056111A JP 6369992 B2 JP6369992 B2 JP 6369992B2
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- JP
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- hydrochloride
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- needle
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- Prior art date
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Description
しかし、溶解型マイクロニードル製剤は、中空タイプの針部を備えるものに比べて、有効成分の注入量が低く、また基材と針部に均一に有効成分が存在するために経皮吸収性が低くなる傾向にある。
前記(A)成分は、質量平均分子量が50,000以上のヒアルロン酸、及び質量平均分子量が50,000以上のヒアルロン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる1種以上を含むことが好ましい。
前記(C)成分は、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬であることが好ましい。
前記(A)成分の含有量は、貼着部(100質量%)中20〜75質量%であることが好ましい。
本発明の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤の一例を図1に示す。溶解型マイクロニードル製剤1は、貼着部10を備える。貼着部10は、シート状の基材12と、基材12の片面から突出する複数の針部14とを備える。
針部の高さは、50〜1000μmが好ましく、100〜700μmがより好ましい。針部の高さが前記下限値以上であれば、(A)成分や(C)成分の経皮投与が充分となりやすい。針部の高さが前記上限値以下であれば、針部が神経に接触しにくくなるため、痛みや出血を回避しやすい。
なお、針部の先端角度とは、先が尖っていない形状の針部の場合、正面視における該針部の両側の側辺を上方に延長した延長線同士が交差する角度を意味するものとする。例えば、図2に例示した円錐台状の針部14Aの場合、正面視における針部14Aの両側の側辺14a,14bをそれぞれ上方に延長した延長線pと延長線qとがなす角度θを先端角度とする。
針部の密度は、1cm2当たり、100〜10000本が好ましく、100〜5000本がより好ましく、100〜2000本がさらに好ましい。針部の密度が前記下限値以上であれば、効率良く皮膚を穿孔することができる。針部の密度が前記上限値以下であれば、針部の強度を保ちやすい
(A)成分は、ヒアルロン酸及びヒアルロン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる1種以上である。(A)成分は、多糖類であり、化粧効果を有している。貼着部が(A)成分を含有することで、他の基剤を配合しなくても基材及び針部の形成が可能となる。
以下、ヒアルロン酸とヒアルロン酸塩とをまとめてヒアルロン酸等ということもある。
ヒアルロン酸としては、例えば、鶏冠、臍帯等から単離される生物由来のヒアルロン酸、微生物による発酵を利用したヒアルロン酸等が挙げられる。生物由来のヒアルロン酸は、その由来となる生物が有するコラーゲンを完全には除去できず、残存するコラーゲンが悪い影響を与える可能性があるため、微生物発酵法由来のヒアルロン酸が好ましい。
なお、ヒアルロン酸等の質量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミェーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によって測定された値である。
(A−1)質量平均分子量が50,000以上のヒアルロン酸、及び質量平均分子量が50,000以上のヒアルロン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる1種以上。
(A−2)質量平均分子量が50,000未満のヒアルロン酸、及び質量平均分子量が50,000未満のヒアルロン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる1種以上。
(B)成分は、グリセリンである。貼着部が(B)成分を含有することで、貼着部の基材が湾曲して反りにくくなる。
グリセリン(glycerin)は、示性式C3H5(OH)3もしくは分子式C3H8O3で表される3価のアルコールである。グリセリンには、84〜87質量%の水溶液等の市販品があり、該市販品を使用しても構わない。
貼着部には、(A)成分による保湿効果以外の他の有効性効果を与えるために、必要に応じて、(C)成分:生理活性成分(ただし、(A)成分を除く。)が含有されていてもよい。なお、本発明の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤は、貼着部に(C)成分を配合せず、(A)成分による保湿効果以外には、(C)成分による他の有効性効果が得られないものであってもよい。
なお、生理活性成分とは、生体に何らかの作用を及ぼす成分を意味する。
(C)成分としては、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬が好ましい。
・催眠鎮静剤:塩酸フルラゼパム、塩酸リルマザホン、フェノバルビタール、アモバルビタール等。
・ステロイド系抗炎症剤:ヒドロコルチゾン、プレドニゾロン、デキサメタゾン、ベタメタゾン等。
・興奮・覚醒剤:塩酸メタンフェタミン、塩酸メチルフェニデート等。
・精神神経用剤:塩酸イミプラン、ジアゼパム、塩酸セルトラリン、マレイン酸フルボキサミン、塩酸パロキセチン、臭化水素酸シタロプラム、塩酸フルオキセチン、アルプラゾラム、ハロペリドール、クロミプラミン、アミトリプチリン、デシプラミン、アモクサピン、マプロチリン、ミアンセリン、セチプチリン、トラザドン、ロヘプラミン、ミルナシプラン、デュロキセチン、ベンラフェキシン、塩酸クロルプロマジン、チオリダジン、ジアゼパム、メプロバメート、エチゾラム等。
・局所麻酔剤:塩酸リドカイン、塩酸プロカイン、塩酸テトラカイン、塩酸ジブカイン、塩酸プロピトカイン等。
・泌尿器官用剤:塩酸オキシブチニン、塩酸タムスロシン、塩酸プロピベリン等。
・骨格筋弛緩剤:塩酸チザニジン、塩酸エペリゾン、メシル酸プリジノール、塩酸スキサメトニウム等。
・生殖器官用剤:塩酸リトドリン、酒石酸メルアドリン等。
・抗てんかん剤:バルプロ酸ナトリウム、クロナゼパム、カルバマゼピン等。
・抗パーキンソン病剤:メシル酸ペルゴリド、メシル酸ブロモクリプチン、塩酸トリヘキシフェニジル、塩酸アマンタジン、塩酸ロピニロール、塩酸タリペキソール、カベルゴリン、ドロキシドパ、ピペリデン、塩酸セレギリン等。
・利尿剤:ヒドロフルメチアジド、フロセミド等。
・呼吸促進剤:塩酸ロベリン、ジモルホラミン、塩酸ナロキソン等。
・抗片頭痛剤:メシル酸ジヒドロエルゴタミン、スマトリプタン、酒石酸エルゴタミン、塩酸フルナリジン、塩酸サイプロヘプタジン等。
・気管支拡張剤:塩酸ツロブテロール、塩酸プロカテロール、硫酸サルブタモール、塩酸クレンブテロール、臭化水素酸フェノテロ−ル、硫酸テルブタリン、硫酸イソプレナリン、フマル酸ホルモテロール等。
・強心剤:塩酸イソプレナリン、塩酸ドパミン等。
・冠血管拡張剤:塩酸ジルチアゼム、塩酸ベラパミル、硝酸イソソルビド、ニトログリセリン、ニコランジル等。
・末梢血管拡張剤:クエン酸ニカメタート、塩酸トラゾリン等。
・循環器官用剤:塩酸フルナリジン、塩酸ニカルジピン、ニトレンジピン、ニソルジピン、フェロジピン、ベシル酸アムロジピン、ニフェジピン、ニルバジピン、塩酸マニジピン、塩酸ベニジピン、マレイン酸エナラプリル、塩酸デモカプリル、アラセプリル、塩酸イミダプリル、シラザプリル、リシノプリル、カプトプリル、トランドラプリル、ペリンドプリルエルブミン、アテノロール、フマル酸ビソプロロール、塩酸ブニトロロール、酒石酸メトプロロール、塩酸ベタキソロール、塩酸アロチノロール、塩酸セリプロロール、カルベジロール、塩酸カルテオロール、塩酸ベバントロール、バルサルタン、カンデサルタンシレキセチル、ロサルタンカリウム、塩酸クロニジン等。
・不整脈用剤:塩酸プロプラノロール、塩酸アルプレノロール、塩酸プロカインアミド、塩酸メキシチレン、ナドロール、ジソピラミド等。
・抗脂血症剤:プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ベザフィブレート、プロブコール等。
・血糖降下剤:グリベンクラミド、クロルプロパミド、トルブタミド、グリミジンナトリウム、グリブゾール、塩酸ブホルミン等。
・消化性潰瘍治療剤:プログルミド、塩酸セトラキサート、スピゾフロン、シメチジン、臭化グリコピロニウム等。
・利胆剤:ウルソデスオキシコール酸、オサルミド等。
・消化管運動改善剤:ドンペリドン、シサプリド等。
・抗アレルギー剤:フマル酸ケトチフェン、塩酸アゼラスチン等。
・抗ウイルス剤:アシクロビル等。
・鎮暈剤:メシル酸ベタヒスチン、塩酸ジフェニドール等。
・抗生剤:セファロリジン、セフジニル、セフポドキシムプロキセチル、セファクロル、クラリスロマイシン、エリスロマイシン、メチルエリスロマイシン、硫酸カナマイシン、サイクロセリン、テトラサイクリン、ベンジルペニシリンカリウム、プロピシリンカリウム、クロキサシンナトリウム、アンピシリンナトリウム、塩酸バカンピシリン、カルベニシリンナトリウム、クロラムフェニコール等。
・食欲抑制剤:マジンドール等。
・化学療法剤:イソニアシド、エチオナミド、ピラジナミド等。
・血液凝固促進剤:塩酸チクロピジン、ワルファリンカリウム等。
・抗アルツハイマー剤:フィゾスチグミン、塩酸ドネペジル、タクリン、アレコリン、キサノメリン等。
・セロトニン受容体拮抗制吐剤:塩酸オンダンセトロン、塩酸グラニセトロン、塩酸ラモセトロン、塩酸アザセトロン等。
・痛風治療剤:コルヒチン、プロベネシド、スルフィンピラゾン等。
・麻薬系の鎮痛剤:クエン酸フェンタニル、硫酸モルヒネ、塩酸モルヒネ、リン酸コデイン、塩酸コカイン、塩酸ペチジン等。
ワクチン類としては、例えば、日本脳炎ワクチン、ロタウィルスワクチン、アルツハイマー病ワクチン、動脈硬化ワクチン、癌ワクチン、ニコチンワクチン、ジフテリアワクチン、破傷風ワクチン、百日咳ワクチン、ライム病ワクチン、狂犬病ワクチン、肺炎双球菌ワクチン、黄熱病ワクチン、コレラワクチン、種痘疹ワクチン、結核ワクチン、風疹ワクチン、麻疹ワクチン、おたふくかぜワクチン、ボツリヌスワクチン、ヘルペスウイルスワクチン、他のDNAワクチン、B型肝炎ワクチン等が挙げられる。
(C)成分の化合物は、薬学的に許容できる塩も含まれ、無機塩又は有機塩のいずれの形態でもよい。
(C)成分は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
貼着部には、必要に応じて、(A)〜(C)成分以外の(D)成分:任意成分が含有されていてもよい。
(D)成分としては、例えば、溶解補助剤、経皮吸収促進剤、安定化剤、抗酸化剤、乳化剤、界面活性剤、金属塩等の添加剤が挙げられる。
界面活性剤としては、非イオン性活性剤、カチオン性活性剤、アニオン性活性剤、両性性活性剤のいずれでもよく、通常医薬品製剤に用いられる非イオン性活性剤が好ましい。
具体的には、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル等の糖アルコール脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンヒマシ油、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油等が挙げられる。
貼着部(100質量%)中の(A)成分の含有量は、20〜75質量%が好ましく、20〜70質量%がより好ましく、30〜70質量%がさらに好ましい。(A)成分の含有量が前記下限値以上であれば、基材及び針部の形成が容易になる。(A)成分の含有量が前記上限値以下であれば、基材が湾曲して反りにくくなる。
(A−1)成分に対する(A−2)成分の質量比(A−2)/(A−1)は、各々のヒアルロン酸等の質量平均分子量によっても異なるが、貼着部が好ましい機械的強度及び硬さになるように適宜決定できる。質量比(A−2)/(A−1)としては、0〜1.75が好ましく、0.05〜0.5がより好ましい。質量比(A−2)/(A−1)が前記上限値以下であれば、保存時や皮膚に刺入する際に針部が折れにくくなる。
貼着部のpHは、生理活性成分の配合によって前後するが、皮膚への刺激性の観点から、3〜9が好ましい。
本発明の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤は、貼着部における針部が形成された側と反対側の面に支持体を備えていてもよい。
支持体としては、特に限定されず、貼付剤の支持体として通常使用されている公知の支持体を採用できる。支持体としては、例えば、樹脂フィルム、布帛、樹脂フィルムと布帛とが一体化された複合シート等が挙げられる。
不織布としては、例えば、ニードルパンチ法、スパンレース法、スパンボンド法、ステッチボンド法、メルトブローン法等で製造したものが挙げられる。
織布の織り方や編布の編み方は、特に制限されず、例えば、経編み(トリコット編み、デンビートリコット編み、サテン編み、アトラス編み、平編み、リム編み、パール編み)、丸編み(両面メリヤス編み、片面メリヤス編み、フライスメリヤス編み)等が挙げられる。
本発明の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤の製造方法としては、特に限定されず、(A)成分と(B)成分とを特定の比率で配合する以外は、従来公知の任意の方法を採用できる。
例えば、針部の形状が穿設されたシリコン製の鋳型に、(A)成分及び(B)成分と、必要に応じて用いる他の成分とを水を混合した組成物を流延し、乾燥した後に鋳型から剥離する方法が挙げられる。
以上説明した本発明の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤においては、(A)成分と(B)成分とが特定の比率で含有されているため、針部が皮膚に穿刺させるのに充分な高さ、先端角度及び応力を有しているうえ、基材が湾曲して反ることが抑制され、かつ皮膚曲面への追従性に優れる。そのため、本発明の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤は、皮膚に貼着したときに針部を安定して穿刺させることできるため、優れた経皮吸収性を安定して確保することができる。
[使用原料]
本実施例で使用した原料を以下に示す。
A−11:高分子ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム(商品名「ヒアルロン酸FCH−SU」、キッコーマンバイオケミファ株式会社製、質量平均分子量:5万〜11万)。
A−21:低分子ヒアルロン酸(商品名「ヒアロオリゴ」、キューピー株式会社製、質量平均分子量:1000以上1万以下)。
B−1:グリセリン(「濃グリセリン(日局)」、阪本薬品工業株式会社製)。
B’−1:1,3−ブチレングリコール(「1,3−ブチレングリコール(医薬品添加物規格)」、株式会社ダイセル製)。
B’−2:プロピレングリコール(「プロピレングリコール(日局)」、株式会社ADEKA製)。
B’−3:ポリエチレングリコール(「ポリエチレングリコール600」、和光純薬工業株式会社製)。
C−1:フェルビナク(「フェルビナク(日局)」、HANSEO CHEMICAL株式会社製)。
水:「精製水(日局)」、共栄製薬株式会社製。
溶解型マイクロニードル製剤を作製するための鋳型として、根元の直径が0.5mm、高さが0.65mmの円錐状で、先端角度が33度の針部と相補的な形状のポケットが、1.0mm間隔で縦横各10ポケットずつ、計100ポケット形成されているものを用いた。なお、先が尖っていない針部の先端角度は、正面視における針部の両方の側辺の上方への延長線同士がなす角度である。前記鋳型の材質は、全体がシリコーン樹脂(二液型RTVゴム KE−17:信越シリコーン)100%であった。
表2及び表3に示すように、各成分を均一に溶解あるいは分散した組成物を得た。(A)成分については、10質量%水溶液を調製して混合した。80℃に熱した鋳型に、前記組成物をおよそ0.5g(乾燥後の質量が0.05g以上になる量)塗工した。塗工後、25℃、100%Rhの条件下で鋳型を冷却し、鋳型が25℃になった後、約8時間自然乾燥して溶解型マイクロニードル製剤を得た。
各例で得た溶解型マイクロニードルについて、平面に置いた状態でその側面から観察したときの基材の湾曲の度合いと、腕の皮膚曲面に置いたときの追従性を、以下の基準で評価した。
(評価基準:表1)
◎:平面に置いたときに基材に湾曲が認められず、かつ皮膚曲面に追従する。
○:平面に置いたときに基材に湾曲が認められないが、皮膚曲面に追従しない。
×:平面に置いたときに基材が湾曲し、平面に接しない部分が認められる。この場合、基材は皮膚曲面に追従しない。
デジタルマイクロスコープにより、各例で得た溶解型マイクロニードルにおける針部の高さを測定し、以下の基準で評価した。
(評価基準)
◎:針部の高さが500μm以上である。
○:針部の高さが400μm以上500μm未満である。
×:針部の高さが400μm未満である。
針部の高さが400μm未満であると、穿刺しても効果が充分に得られにくくなる。
各例で得た溶解型マイクロニードルにおける針部の先端角度を、デジタルマイクロスコープにより測定し、以下の基準で評価した。なお、正面視における針部の両方の側辺の上方への延長線同士がなす角度を先端角度とした。
(評価基準)
◎:先端角度が50度未満である。
○:先端角度が50度以上90度未満である。
×:先端角度が90度以上である。
針部の先端角度が90度以上であると、針部を穿刺しにくくなる。
テクスチャーアナライザーを用いて、各例で得た溶解型マイクロニードルにおける針部を先端側から0.01mm押圧した際の応力を測定し、以下の評価基準で評価した。なお、押圧するプローブの材質は、直径1cmの円板状のすりガラスを用いた。
(評価基準)
○:応力が0.05N以上である。
×:応力が0.05N未満である。
応力が0.05N未満であると、針部を穿刺しにくくなる。
なお、表2及び表3における組成は、塗工量と乾燥後質量を測定し、減量した全てが水であったと仮定したときの組成である。また、(B)成分の含有量は、グリセリンの固形分換算の質量%である。また、比較例4〜6における質量比A/Bの欄には、成分(B’)に対する成分(A)の質量比を示した。
(B)成分を用いていない比較例1、及び質量比A/Bが5超の比較例2の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤では、基材に湾曲が見られた。(B)成分の代わりに(B’)成分を用いた比較例4〜6の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤でも、基材に湾曲が見られた。
質量比A/Bが1未満の比較例3の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤では、針部が皮膚に穿刺させるのに充分な高さ、先端角度及び応力を有していなかった。
10 貼着部
12 基材
14 針部
Claims (5)
- 基材と、該基材の片面から突出する複数の針部とを備える貼着部を備え、前記貼着部が溶解しつつそれらに含まれる成分が経皮吸収される溶解型マイクロニードル製剤であって、
前記貼着部に、(A)成分:ヒアルロン酸及びヒアルロン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる1種以上、及び(B)成分:グリセリンが含有され、
前記(B)成分に対する前記(A)成分の質量比A/Bが1〜5である、溶解型マイクロニードル製剤。 - 前記貼着部に、さらに(C)成分:生理活性成分(ただし、前記(A)成分を除く。)が含有されている、請求項1に記載の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤。
- 前記(A)成分が、質量平均分子量が50,000以上のヒアルロン酸、及び質量平均分子量が50,000以上のヒアルロン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤。
- 前記(C)成分が、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤。
- 前記貼着部(100質量%)中の前記(A)成分の含有量が20〜75質量%である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の溶解型マイクロニードル製剤。
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