JP6270770B2 - Measuring method of moisture content and moisture content of soil - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、土壌の含水比、含水率の測定方法の技術分野に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a technical field of a method for measuring moisture content and moisture content of soil.
一般に、土壌に含まれる水分の割合（含水比、含水率）を知ることは、植生の生育に対する影響、地下水の挙動、盛り土などを含めた斜面崩壊のメカニズムの解析、洪水発生予測等の研究をするにあたり重要な要素の一つであり、そのため日本工業規格としてＪＩＳ Ａ １２０３で「土の含水比試験方法」が規格されている。このものは、土壌の含水比を、採取した土壌の重量とこれを炉内で乾燥した後の重量とをそれぞれ測定することに基づいて求めるようにしている所謂炉乾燥法である。ところが土壌の乾燥には、１１０±５℃に保持した恒温乾燥炉内にて１８〜２４時間もの長時間の乾燥が必要であって作業性が悪いだけでなく、恒温乾燥炉が土壌の採取現場にあることはまずなく、採取した土壌を高温乾燥炉を備えた実験室等に持ち帰って乾燥させなければならず、また実験室まで採取時の含水比を維持したまま持ち込まなければならず、このための特別な技術と操作も必要となり、手間がかかるという問題がある。
これに対し、土壌水分の測定方法として、テンシオメータ法（特許文献１参照）、誘電法（特許文献２参照）、電気抵抗法（特許文献３参照）、熱伝導法（特許文献４参照）、電磁波法（特許文献５参照）等の多くの手法が知られている。
In general, knowing the proportion of water in the soil (water content, water content) is important for research on the effects of vegetation on growth, groundwater behavior, analysis of slope failure mechanisms including embankment, and prediction of flood occurrence. Therefore, it is one of the important factors, and as a result, the JIS A 1203 “Soil moisture content test method” is standardized as a Japanese Industrial Standard. This is a so-called furnace drying method in which the moisture content of soil is determined based on measuring the weight of the collected soil and the weight after drying the soil in the furnace. However, soil drying requires a long drying time of 18 to 24 hours in a constant temperature drying furnace maintained at 110 ± 5 ° C., and not only is the workability poor, but the constant temperature drying furnace is used for soil sampling. The collected soil must be brought back to a laboratory equipped with a high-temperature drying furnace and dried, and brought to the laboratory while maintaining the moisture content at the time of collection. Therefore, there is a problem that special techniques and operations are necessary and time-consuming.
On the other hand, as a method for measuring soil moisture, tensiometer method (see Patent Document 1), dielectric method (see Patent Document 2), electric resistance method (see Patent Document 3), heat conduction method (see Patent Document 4), electromagnetic wave Many methods such as the method (see Patent Document 5) are known.
しかしながら前記従来のもののうち、特許文献１、２、５のものは装置自体が大型であるうえ、土壌に埋設しなければならず、作業性が劣る、という問題がある。これに対し特許文献３、４のものはセンサ自体を小型にできる、という利点があるが、予め採取した土壌を乾燥させて該乾燥土壌における電気抵抗値や熱伝導率を測定し、さらに該乾燥土壌に所要量の水分を含浸させたものの幾つかについて電気抵抗値や熱伝導率を測定して検量線を作成する必要があるが、土質が異なった場合に同じ検量線を採用できるとは限らず、そのため土質が異なる測定現場ごとにこれらの検量線をいちいち作成しなければならないこともあって面倒かつ煩雑であるという問題がある。さらに、特許文献１〜５のものは、実験室まで採取時の含水比を維持したまま土壌を持ち込まなければならない点は依然として解決されておらず、ここに本発明の解決すべき課題がある。 However, among the above-mentioned conventional ones, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 5 have a problem that the apparatus itself is large and must be embedded in soil, resulting in poor workability. On the other hand, Patent Documents 3 and 4 have the advantage that the sensor itself can be reduced in size, but the previously collected soil is dried to measure the electrical resistance value and thermal conductivity in the dried soil, and then the dried It is necessary to create a calibration curve by measuring the electrical resistance and thermal conductivity of some of the soil impregnated with the required amount of water, but the same calibration curve may not be used when the soil is different. Therefore, there is a problem that these calibration curves must be prepared for each measurement site having different soil properties, which is troublesome and complicated. Further, in Patent Documents 1 to 5, the point that the soil must be brought into the laboratory while maintaining the water content ratio at the time of collection is still unsolved, and there is a problem to be solved by the present invention.
本発明は、上記の如き実情に鑑みこれらの課題を解決することを目的として創作されたものであって、請求項１の発明は、土壌の含水比の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌後、濾過して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、ショ糖水溶液の作製に用いた現地調達の水の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該現地調達の水の測定糖度をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水比を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水比の測定方法である。
請求項２の発明は、土壌の含水比の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌後、濾過して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、前記設定濃度のショ糖水溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該ショ糖水溶液の測定糖度と設定濃度との差をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水比を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水比の測定方法である。
請求項３の発明は、土壌の含水比の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、ショ糖水溶液の作製に用いた現地調達の水の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該現地調達の水の測定糖度をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水比を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水比の測定方法である。
請求項４の発明は、土壌の含水比の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、前記設定濃度のショ糖水溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該ショ糖水溶液の測定糖度と設定濃度との差をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水比を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水比の測定方法である。
請求項５の発明は、土壌の含水率の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌後、濾過して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、ショ糖水溶液の作製に用いた現地調達の水の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該現地調達の水の測定糖度をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水率を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水率の測定方法である。
請求項６の発明は、土壌の含水率の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌後、濾過して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、前記設定濃度のショ糖水溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該ショ糖水溶液の測定糖度と設定濃度との差をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水率を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水率の測定方法である。
請求項７の発明は、土壌の含水率の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、ショ糖水溶液の作製に用いた現地調達の水の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該現地調達の水の測定糖度をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水率を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水率の測定方法である。
請求項８の発明は、土壌の含水率の測定方法であって、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌して得た溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、前記設定濃度のショ糖水溶液の糖度を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該ショ糖水溶液の測定糖度と設定濃度との差をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の測定糖度を補正し、該補正した糖度に基づいて土壌の含水率を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする土壌の含水率の測定方法である。
The present invention was created with the object of solving these problems in view of the above circumstances, and the invention of claim 1 is a method for measuring the water content ratio of soil, which is a known weight collected. Into a specified amount of sucrose aqueous solution prepared using water procured locally at the site of soil collection, and after stirring, the sugar content of the solution obtained by filtration is measured using a saccharimeter or refractive index. On the other hand, the sugar content of the locally procured water used for the preparation of the sucrose aqueous solution was measured with a sugar content meter or a refractometer, and the measured sugar content of the locally procured water was measured as a blank for the solution obtained by filtration. A soil moisture content measuring method characterized in that the measured sugar content is corrected and the soil moisture content is determined based on the corrected sugar content.
The invention of claim 2 is a method for measuring the water content ratio of soil, wherein a predetermined amount of shoal of soil of a known weight collected is made to have a set concentration using water procured at the site of soil sampling. The sugar content of the solution obtained by putting in an aqueous sugar solution, stirring, and filtering is measured with a sugar content meter or a refractometer, while the sugar content of the sucrose aqueous solution with the set concentration is measured with a sugar content meter or a refractometer. The soil characterized in that the measured sugar content of the solution obtained by filtration is corrected using the difference between the measured sugar content and the set concentration of the aqueous sugar solution as a blank, and the water content ratio of the soil is obtained based on the corrected sugar content. This is a method for measuring the water content ratio.
The invention of claim 3 is a method for measuring the water content ratio of soil, wherein a predetermined amount of shoal of soil of a known weight collected is prepared using water procured at the site of soil sampling to a set concentration. The sugar content of the solution obtained by stirring in the aqueous sugar solution is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer, while the sugar content of the locally procured water used to make the aqueous sucrose solution is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer, Moisture content ratio of soil characterized by correcting the measured sugar content of the solution obtained by filtration using the measured sugar content of the locally procured water as a blank, and obtaining the water content ratio of the soil based on the corrected sugar content This is a measurement method.
The invention of claim 4 is a method for measuring the water content ratio of soil, wherein a predetermined amount of shoal of soil of a known weight collected is made to have a set concentration using water procured at the site of soil sampling. The sugar content of a solution obtained by stirring in an aqueous sugar solution is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer, while the sugar content of the sucrose aqueous solution with the set concentration is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer. The measured moisture content of the solution obtained by filtration using the difference between the measured sugar content and the set concentration as a blank is corrected, and the water content ratio of the soil is obtained based on the corrected sugar content. This is a measurement method.
The invention according to claim 5 is a method for measuring the moisture content of soil, wherein a predetermined amount of soil is obtained by using a water of a known weight collected to obtain a set concentration using water procured locally. The sugar content of the solution obtained by adding it to an aqueous sugar solution, stirring, and filtering is measured with a sugar content meter or a refractometer, while the sugar content of the locally procured water used to prepare the aqueous sucrose solution is measured with a sugar content meter or a refractometer. Measuring and correcting the measured sugar content of the solution obtained by filtration using the measured sugar content of the locally procured water as a blank, and determining the moisture content of the soil based on the corrected sugar content It is the measuring method of the moisture content of.
The invention of claim 6 is a method for measuring the moisture content of a soil, wherein a known amount of soil collected is used to obtain a set amount of soil prepared at a set concentration using the water procured locally. The sugar content of the solution obtained by putting in an aqueous sugar solution, stirring, and filtering is measured with a sugar content meter or a refractometer, while the sugar content of the sucrose aqueous solution with the set concentration is measured with a sugar content meter or a refractometer. A soil characterized in that the measured sugar content of the solution obtained by filtration is corrected using the difference between the measured sugar content of the aqueous sugar solution and the set concentration as a blank, and the moisture content of the soil is obtained based on the corrected sugar content. It is the measuring method of the moisture content of.
The invention according to claim 7 is a method for measuring the moisture content of soil, wherein a predetermined amount of shoal of soil of a known weight collected is made to have a set concentration using water procured at the site of soil sampling. The sugar content of the solution obtained by stirring in the aqueous sugar solution is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer, while the sugar content of the locally procured water used to make the aqueous sucrose solution is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer, Moisture content of soil, wherein the measured sugar content of the solution obtained by filtration is corrected using the measured sugar content of the locally procured water as a blank, and the moisture content of the soil is obtained based on the corrected sugar content This is a measurement method.
The invention of claim 8 is a method for measuring the moisture content of soil, wherein a predetermined amount of shoal of soil of a known weight collected is made to have a set concentration using water procured at the site of soil sampling. The sugar content of a solution obtained by stirring in an aqueous sugar solution is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer, while the sugar content of the sucrose aqueous solution with the set concentration is measured with a sugar meter or a refractometer. The measured moisture content of the solution obtained by filtration using the difference between the measured sugar content and the set concentration as a blank is corrected, and the moisture content of the soil is determined based on the corrected sugar content. This is a measurement method.
請求項１、２、３、４の発明とすることにより、土壌の含水比を、土壌採取現場において現地調達した水を用いて簡単に求めることができる。
請求項５、６、７、８の発明とすることにより、土壌の含水率を、土壌採取現場において現地調達した水を用いて簡単に求めることができる。
By setting it as invention of Claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, the moisture content of soil can be easily calculated | required using the water locally procured in the soil collection field.
By setting it as invention of Claim 5, 6, 7 and 8, the moisture content of soil can be easily calculated | required using the water locally procured in the soil collection field.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
本実施の形態では、糖度の測定に糖度計を用いているが、ショ糖水溶液の糖度（Ｂｒｉｘ）と屈折率とは換算表等を用いて簡単に換算することができるため、屈折率計によって屈折率を測定し、該測定した屈折率を糖度に換算することで糖度を測定するようにしても良い。つまり、本発明における糖度の測定は、糖度計により直接糖度を測定した場合だけでなく、屈折率計により屈折率を測定し、該測定した屈折率を糖度に換算した場合も含める。
本発明は、ショ糖水溶液の屈折率を基準値として水溶液の糖度（Ｂｒｉｘ）を測定する糖度計（屈折糖度計）、或いは水溶液の屈折率を測定する屈折率計が広く知られているが、このような糖度計により測定されるショ糖水溶液の糖度、或いは屈折率計により測定される屈折率を糖度に換算して求めたショ糖水溶液の糖度は、該ショ糖水溶液のショ糖濃度（重量％濃度）を示す値であるから、糖度計あるいは屈折率計を用いてショ糖水溶液のショ糖濃度を簡単且つ正確に測定できることを利用して、土壌の含水比、含水率を測定しようとするものである。
この測定に用いるショ糖（シュークロース：ｓｕｃｒｏｓｅ）は、水に対する溶解度が２１１．５ｇ／１００ｍＬ（２０℃）もあって溶解しやすいものであり、土壌中の水分にも容易に溶解する。そのうえショ糖は、人体や自然環境に対して無害であるため、測定後、ショ糖水溶液を測定現場に廃棄しても環境上問題になることがない。尚、以下の説明において、ショ糖濃度は全て重量％濃度である。
さらに本発明では、土壌の含水比、含水率の測定に用いるショ糖水溶液を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水（例えば、地下水、井戸水、河川水、湧水等の水）を使用して作製する。これにより、実験室で濃度調製したショ糖水溶液を濃度維持したまま現場まで運ぶ手間や労力を省くことができる。因みに、液体の輸送は、容器の重量や密閉度、安定性など、注意が必要であって手間と労力とを要する。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
In this embodiment, a saccharimeter is used to measure the saccharide content, but the saccharose aqueous solution (Brix) and the refractive index can be easily converted using a conversion table or the like. You may make it measure sugar content by measuring a refractive index and converting this measured refractive index into sugar content. That is, the measurement of the sugar content in the present invention includes not only the case where the sugar content is directly measured by a saccharimeter, but also the case where the refractive index is measured by a refractometer and the measured refractive index is converted to a sugar content.
In the present invention, a saccharimeter (refractive saccharimeter) for measuring the sugar content (Brix) of an aqueous solution with the refractive index of the sucrose aqueous solution as a reference value, or a refractometer for measuring the refractive index of an aqueous solution is widely known. The sugar content of the aqueous sucrose solution measured by such a sugar content meter or the sugar content of the aqueous solution of sucrose obtained by converting the refractive index measured by a refractometer into sugar content is determined by the sucrose concentration (weight) of the aqueous solution of sucrose. % Sucrose concentration and refractometer, it is possible to measure the sucrose concentration of sucrose aqueous solution easily and accurately using a saccharimeter or refractometer, and try to measure the water content ratio and water content of the soil. Is.
Sucrose (sucrose) used for this measurement has a solubility in water of 211.5 g / 100 mL (20 ° C.) and is easily dissolved, and is easily dissolved in moisture in the soil. In addition, since sucrose is harmless to the human body and the natural environment, even if the sucrose aqueous solution is discarded at the measurement site after measurement, there is no environmental problem. In the following description, all sucrose concentrations are weight% concentrations.
Furthermore, in the present invention, a sucrose aqueous solution used for measurement of soil water content ratio and water content is prepared using water procured locally (for example, groundwater, well water, river water, spring water, etc.). To do. Thereby, the labor and labor which carry the sucrose aqueous solution prepared in the laboratory to the site while maintaining the concentration can be saved. Incidentally, the transport of the liquid requires attention, such as the weight, sealing degree, and stability of the container, and requires labor and labor.
図１に土壌の含水比或いは含水率を測定する手順をフロー図で示すが、まず、現場で重量Ａグラムの土壌試料を採取する。さらに、土壌採取の現地で調達した水（例えば、地下水、井戸水、河川水、湧水等の水であって、成分未調整の水）を用いて、ショ糖濃度Ｂ％のショ糖水溶液を作製する。この場合に、ショ糖水溶液のショ糖濃度は、土壌の湿潤状態を見て適宜（例えば、ショ糖濃度１０％〜６０％）決定する。
次いで、採取した重量Ａグラムの土壌試料を、前記ショ糖濃度Ｂ％のショ糖水溶液ＣｍＬに入れて、よく撹拌した後に濾過する。濾過する際のフィルターとしては、水が浸潤しない材料で製造したものが好ましく、例えばガラス製やシリコーン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンのような合成樹脂製等のものが採用される。
次いで、前記撹拌後に濾過して得られた溶液（該溶液を、以降、試料溶液と称する）の糖度Ｄ％を糖度計により測定する。糖度の測定は、市販されている汎用の糖度計（屈折糖度計）を用いて行うことができる。この場合に、携帯型であれば現場に簡単に持参でき、都合がよい。また、前述したように、糖度計に代えて屈折計により屈折率を測定し、該屈折率から糖度を求めても良い。
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the procedure for measuring the moisture content or moisture content of soil. First, a soil sample having a weight of A gram is collected on site. Furthermore, using sucrose aqueous solution with a sucrose concentration of B% using the water procured at the site of soil collection (for example, groundwater, well water, river water, spring water, etc., water that has not been adjusted for ingredients) To do. In this case, the sucrose concentration of the sucrose aqueous solution is appropriately determined (for example, sucrose concentration of 10% to 60%) in view of the wet state of the soil.
Next, the collected soil sample of A gram in weight is put into the sucrose aqueous solution CmL having a sucrose concentration of B%, and is stirred and filtered. As a filter at the time of filtration, what was manufactured with the material which water does not infiltrate is preferable, for example, the thing made from synthetic resin like glass, a silicone, and polytetrafluoroethylene is employ | adopted.
Next, the sugar content D% of the solution obtained by filtration after the stirring (this solution is hereinafter referred to as a sample solution) is measured with a saccharimeter. The sugar content can be measured using a commercially available general-purpose sugar content meter (refractive sugar content meter). In this case, if it is a portable type, it can be easily brought to the site and is convenient. Further, as described above, the refractive index may be measured by a refractometer instead of the saccharimeter, and the saccharide degree may be obtained from the refractive index.
次いで、前記糖度計により測定された試料溶液の糖度Ｄ％をブランク補正する。この場合、前記ショ糖水溶液の作製に使用した現地調達の水の糖度Ｅ％を糖度計により測定し、該測定した糖度Ｅ％をブランクとする。そして、前記試料溶液の糖度Ｄ％から上記ブランクＥ％を減じ、該減じた値を、補正した糖度（補正糖度）Ｄｈ％（Ｄｈ＝Ｄ−Ｅ）とする。そして、該補正糖度Ｄｈ％に基づき、予め作成した検量線を用いて、土壌の含水比（（土壌中の水の重量／土壌中の乾燥土壌の重量）×１００％）、或いは含水率（（土壌中の水の重量／土壌の重量）×１００％）を求める。 Subsequently, the sugar content D% of the sample solution measured by the sugar content meter is blank-corrected. In this case, the sugar content E% of locally procured water used for preparation of the aqueous sucrose solution is measured with a sugar content meter, and the measured sugar content E% is used as a blank. And the said blank E% is subtracted from the sugar content D% of the said sample solution, and this reduced value is made into corrected sugar content (corrected sugar content) Dh% (Dh = DE). And based on the corrected sugar content Dh%, using a calibration curve prepared in advance, the moisture content of the soil ((weight of water in soil / weight of dry soil in soil) × 100%) or moisture content (( The weight of water in soil / weight of soil) × 100%) is determined.
このように、本発明は、設定濃度のショ糖水溶液に土壌を入れて撹拌することで、ショ糖水溶液のショ糖濃度を土壌に含まれる水分によって希釈し、該希釈されたショ糖濃度を糖度計または屈折率計によって測定することで土壌の含水比、含水率を求めるものであるが、この場合に、上記設定濃度のショ糖水溶液の作製には、土壌採取の現地で調達した水（地下水、井戸水、河川水、湧水等の水であって、成分未調整の水）をそのまま使用する。これにより、予め濃度調整したショ糖水溶液を、濃度変化しないように密封した状態で現場まで運ぶ手間や労力を省くことができる。さらに、土壌には、バックグラウンドとして糖度の測定値に影響を与える物質が含まれていることがあり、この場合には、糖度計または屈折率計によって測定される糖度が実際のショ糖濃度よりも高くなってしまうが、同様のバックグラウンドを含む現地調達の水を使用してショ糖水溶液を作製するとともに該水の測定糖度をブランクとして用いることによって、現地調達した水や土壌に含まれるバックグラウンド物質（糖度の測定値に影響を与える物質）の影響を殆ど受けることなく、土壌の含水比、含水率を正確に測定することができる。 As described above, the present invention is configured by diluting the sucrose concentration of the aqueous sucrose solution with the moisture contained in the soil by adding the soil to the sucrose aqueous solution having the set concentration, and stirring the diluted sucrose concentration. The water content ratio and water content of the soil are obtained by measuring with a refractometer or refractometer. Water such as well water, river water, spring water, etc., and water that has not yet been adjusted). Thereby, the effort and labor which carry the sucrose aqueous solution whose density | concentration was adjusted beforehand to the spot in the state sealed so that a density | concentration change may be saved. In addition, the soil may contain substances that affect the measured value of sugar content as a background. In this case, the sugar content measured by the saccharimeter or refractometer is higher than the actual sucrose concentration. However, by using locally procured water containing a similar background to produce an aqueous sucrose solution and using the measured sugar content of the water as a blank, the water contained in locally procured water and soil It is possible to accurately measure the moisture content and moisture content of the soil with almost no influence of the ground material (a substance that affects the measured value of sugar content).
具体的には、例えば、現地調達した水５０グラムとショ糖５０グラムとを用いてショ糖濃度５０％のショ糖水溶液を作製する。次いで、５０ｍＬのプラスチック製試験管またはバッグ等の容器に土壌試料１５グラムを入れ、このものに、前記作製したショ糖水溶液１５ｍＬを入れてよく振盪（例えば２分間）し、これを濾過（例えば孔径０．４５μｍのフィルター）して得られた試料溶液の糖度Ｄ％を糖度計により測定する。また、前記現地調達した水の糖度Ｅ％を糖度計により測定し、これをブランクとする。そして、前記試料溶液の糖度Ｄ％からブランクＥ％を減じた値を補正糖度Ｄｈ％とし、該補正糖度Ｄｈ％に基づき、予め作製した検量線を用いて、土壌の含水比或いは含水率を求める。
尚、土壌試料に含まれる粘土分が少ない場合など、ショ糖水溶液と振盪後に得られた溶液の濁度が低い場合には濾過を省略することができ、たいていの土壌試料においては濾過を省略して差し支えない。また、現地調達した水が濁っている場合には濾過し、該濾過した水を現地調達した水としても良い。
Specifically, for example, an aqueous sucrose solution having a sucrose concentration of 50% is prepared using 50 grams of locally procured water and 50 grams of sucrose. Next, 15 g of a soil sample is put in a 50 mL plastic test tube or a container such as a bag, and 15 mL of the prepared aqueous sucrose solution is put in this container and shaken well (for example, for 2 minutes). The sugar content D% of the sample solution obtained by the 0.45 μm filter is measured with a saccharimeter. Further, the sugar content E% of the locally procured water is measured with a sugar content meter, and this is used as a blank. Then, a value obtained by subtracting blank E% from the sugar content D% of the sample solution is set as a corrected sugar content Dh%, and based on the corrected sugar content Dh%, a water content ratio or a water content of the soil is obtained using a calibration curve prepared in advance. .
Note that filtration can be omitted when the aqueous solution of sucrose and the solution obtained after shaking are low, such as when the soil sample contains a small amount of clay, and filtration is omitted for most soil samples. It does not matter. Moreover, when the locally procured water is cloudy, it may be filtered, and the filtered water may be used as locally procured water.
前記補正糖度Ｄｈ％に基づいて土壌の含水比を求める場合、前述したように予め作成した検量線を用いるが、該検量線の作成には、複数の設定濃度に調整したショ糖水溶液について、該ショ糖水溶液に加える土壌の含水比を０％から例えば１１０％まで変化させたときの糖度の変化曲線を求め、これを検量線として図２に示すようにグラフ化させておく。そして、例えば土壌採取の現場で作製したショ糖濃度５０％のショ糖水溶液を使用して土壌の含水比を測定する場合、前記補正糖度Ｄｈが４０％であった場合には、図２の糖度の検量線から土壌の含水比は６０％であると判断される。因みに、図２の糖度の検量線は、ショ糖水溶液の濃度が上から順に６０％、５０％、４０％、３０％、２０％、１０％のものである。
また、土壌の含水率を求める場合には、前述した含水比を求める場合と同様に、複数の設定濃度に調整したショ糖水溶液について、該ショ糖水溶液に加える土壌の含水率を変化させたときの糖度の変化曲線を求めてこれを検量線として作成しておき、該検量線を用いて含水率を求める。因みに、含水比と含水率との両方の値を測定したい場合、何れか一方の値が判れば他方は計算により求めることができるから、検量線は、含水比と含水率との何れか一方のものを作成すればよい。
When obtaining the moisture content of the soil based on the corrected sugar content Dh%, a calibration curve prepared in advance as described above is used. For the calibration curve, the sucrose aqueous solution adjusted to a plurality of set concentrations is used. A change curve of sugar content is obtained when the water content ratio of the soil added to the sucrose aqueous solution is changed from 0% to 110%, for example, and this is plotted as a calibration curve as shown in FIG. For example, when the water content ratio of the soil is measured using a sucrose aqueous solution having a sucrose concentration of 50% prepared at the site of soil collection, when the corrected sugar content Dh is 40%, the sugar content of FIG. From the calibration curve, the water content of the soil is determined to be 60%. Incidentally, the calibration curve of the sugar content in FIG. 2 is that in which the concentration of the sucrose aqueous solution is 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% in order from the top.
In addition, when determining the moisture content of the soil, when the moisture content of the soil added to the sucrose aqueous solution is changed with respect to the sucrose aqueous solution adjusted to a plurality of set concentrations, as in the case of determining the moisture content described above. A sugar content change curve is determined and prepared as a calibration curve, and the moisture content is determined using the calibration curve. By the way, if you want to measure both the moisture content and the moisture content, if you know either value, the other can be calculated, so the calibration curve is either one of the moisture content or moisture content. Just create something.
尚、本実施の形態では、検量線の作成にあたり、ショ糖水溶液の量（ミリリットル数）と該ショ糖水溶液に加える土壌の量（グラム数）との比を１：１としており、このため、前記具体例においても、ショ糖水溶液の量（１５ｍＬ）と土壌試料の量（１５グラム）との比を１：１にしているが、これに限定されることなく、検量線を別に作成するのであれば、異なる比であっても勿論よいが、作業手順の錯誤を防止するうえからは、これらの比は同じにしておいた方が安全である。また、検量線の作成に用いるショ糖水溶液の水、土壌は、糖度に影響を与える物質を含まないもの（含んでいても、糖度の測定値に殆ど影響しない極微量）が使用されている。 In the present embodiment, in preparing the calibration curve, the ratio of the amount of sucrose aqueous solution (number of milliliters) to the amount of soil added to the sucrose aqueous solution (number of grams) is set to 1: 1. Also in the above specific example, the ratio of the amount of sucrose aqueous solution (15 mL) to the amount of soil sample (15 grams) is 1: 1, but the present invention is not limited to this. Of course, different ratios may be used, but it is safer to keep these ratios the same in order to prevent mistakes in the work procedure. Moreover, the water and soil of the sucrose aqueous solution used for the preparation of the calibration curve are those that do not contain substances that affect the sugar content (even if they are included, the trace amount that hardly affects the measured value of sugar content) is used.
また、前記糖度計により測定された試料溶液の糖度Ｄ％をブランク補正する場合に、前記実施の形態（第一の実施の形態）では、ショ糖水溶液の作製に使用した現地調達の水の測定糖度Ｅ％をブランクとしたが、以下の第二の実施の形態のようにしてブランクを求めることもできる。 In addition, when the sugar content D% of the sample solution measured by the sugar content meter is blank-corrected, in the embodiment (first embodiment), the measurement of locally procured water used for producing the sucrose aqueous solution is performed. Although the sugar content E% is set as a blank, the blank can be obtained as in the second embodiment below.
つまり、第二の実施の形態では、現地調達の水を用いて作製したショ糖濃度Ｂ％のショ糖水溶液の糖度Ｆ％を糖度計により測定し、該測定された糖度Ｆ％からショ糖濃度Ｂ％を減じて、該減じた値をブランクＧ％（Ｇ＝Ｆ−Ｂ）とする。このようにして求めた第二の実施の形態のブランクＧ％は、現地調達の水を用いて作製したショ糖濃度Ｂ％のショ糖水溶液中において、糖度の測定値にカウントされる物質のうちショ糖水溶液の作製に使用したショ糖以外の物質の糖度であり、また、前記第一の実施の形態のブランクＥ％は、現地調達の水に含まれる糖度の測定値にカウントされる物質の糖度であるから、理論的には第一の実施の形態のブランクＥ％と第二の実施の形態のブランクＧ％とは同じ値（Ｅ＝Ｇ）であって、何れのブランクＥ％またはＧ％を用いても良いといえる。 That is, in the second embodiment, the sugar content F% of a sucrose aqueous solution having a sucrose concentration B% prepared using locally procured water is measured by a saccharimeter, and the sucrose concentration is determined from the measured sugar content F%. B% is reduced, and the reduced value is defined as blank G% (G = FB). The blank G% of the second embodiment thus determined is the substance counted in the sugar content measurement value in the sucrose aqueous solution having a sucrose concentration of B% produced using locally procured water. This is the sugar content of a substance other than sucrose used in the preparation of the aqueous sucrose solution, and the blank E% of the first embodiment is the substance counted in the measurement value of the sugar content contained in locally procured water. Since it is a sugar content, the blank E% of the first embodiment and the blank G% of the second embodiment are theoretically the same value (E = G), and any blank E% or G % Can be used.
このように本発明が実施されたものにおいては、採取した既知重量の土壌を、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用して設定濃度（ショ糖濃度Ｂ％）となるように作製した所定量のショ糖水溶液に入れ、撹拌後、濾過して得た溶液の糖度Ｄ％を糖度計または屈折率計により測定する一方、ショ糖水溶液の作製に用いた現地調達の水の糖度Ｅ％を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該現地調達の水の測定糖度Ｅ％をブランクとして前記濾過して得た溶液の糖度Ｄ％を補正し、該補正した糖度Ｄｈ％に基づいて土壌の含水比、含水率を求めるようにしたものであるから、土壌の採取現場において土壌の含水比、含水率を簡単に求めることができる。而して、実験室まで採取時の含水比、含水率を維持したまま土壌を持ち込む必要がないうえ、従来のような面倒な作業も不要になって、含水比、含水率の測定作業の効率を大幅に向上させることができる。
しかも、前記設定濃度のショ糖水溶液の作製には、土壌採取の現地で調達した水を使用するとともに、溶液の測定糖度をブランクにより補正しているから、実験室で濃度調製したショ糖水溶液を濃度維持したまま現場まで運ぶ手間や労力を省くことができるうえ、現地調達した水や土壌に含まれるバックグラウンド物質（糖度に影響を与える物質）の有無や強弱を気にすることなく、土壌の含水比、含水率を正確に測定することができる。
尚、この場合に、濾過操作は場合によっては省略することができるのは前述のとおりである。また、溶液の糖度の補正に用いるブランクとしては、設定濃度（ショ糖濃度Ｂ％）のショ糖水溶液の糖度Ｆ％を糖度計または屈折率計により測定し、該ショ糖水溶液の測定糖度Ｆ％と設定濃度Ｂ％との差をブランクＧ％（Ｇ＝Ｆ−Ｂ）としても良いことも前述のとおりである。
さらに、糖度の測定は、糖度計により直接糖度を測定する場合だけでなく、屈折率計により屈折率を測定し、該測定した屈折率を糖度に換算する場合も含めることも、前述のとおりである。
しかもショ糖は人体や自然環境に対して無害であるため、測定後、採取現場に廃棄しても公害等の問題が発生することがなく、また、グリセリンのように消防法の適用を受けることもなく、調達や管理が容易である。
As described above, in a case where the present invention has been implemented, a predetermined amount of the collected soil having a known weight is set to a set concentration (sucrose concentration B%) using water procured at the site of soil collection. The sugar content D% of the solution obtained by adding the sucrose solution, stirring, and filtering is measured with a saccharimeter or a refractometer, while the sugar content E% of locally procured water used to prepare the sucrose aqueous solution is measured The water content ratio of the soil is measured based on the corrected sugar content Dh% by measuring with a meter or a refractometer and correcting the sugar content D% of the solution obtained by filtration using the measured sugar content E% of the locally procured water as a blank. Since the moisture content is obtained, the moisture content ratio and moisture content of the soil can be easily obtained at the soil collection site. Thus, it is not necessary to bring soil to the laboratory while maintaining the moisture content and moisture content at the time of sampling, and the conventional troublesome work is unnecessary, and the efficiency of measuring the moisture content and moisture content is eliminated. Can be greatly improved.
Moreover, in order to prepare the sucrose aqueous solution having the set concentration, water procured at the site of soil collection is used, and the measured sugar content of the solution is corrected with a blank. In addition to saving labor and labor to the site while maintaining the concentration, it is possible to save soil without worrying about the presence or absence or strength of background substances (substances that affect sugar content) contained in locally procured water and soil. The moisture content and moisture content can be accurately measured.
In this case, as described above, the filtering operation can be omitted in some cases. Further, as a blank used for correcting the sugar content of the solution, the sugar content F% of a sucrose aqueous solution having a set concentration (sucrose concentration B%) is measured with a saccharimeter or a refractometer, and the measured sugar content F% of the sucrose aqueous solution is measured. As described above, it is also possible to use the difference between the set density B% and the blank density G% (G = FB).
Furthermore, the measurement of the sugar content includes not only the case where the sugar content is directly measured with a saccharimeter, but also the case where the refractive index is measured with a refractometer and the measured refractive index is converted into the sugar content as described above. is there.
Moreover, since sucrose is harmless to the human body and the natural environment, there will be no pollution problems even if it is discarded after collection at the collection site, and it is subject to the Fire Service Act like glycerin. It is easy to procure and manage.
本発明は、土壌の含水比、含水率を測定する場合に利用することができる。
The present invention can be used when measuring the moisture content and moisture content of soil.
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