JP6259293B2 - Multi-stage damper load test method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a load test method for a multistage damper.

  In order to test the damping force of the damper, for example, a load tester that grips both ends of the damper and inputs vibration to the damper and measures the damping force generated by the damper with a load detector is used ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

International Publication No. WO2010 / 050121

  In the above load tester, it is sufficient if the output of the damper is small. However, multiple working chambers are provided in the cylinder, and pistons attached to rods are inserted into the respective working chambers to increase the pressure receiving area in the pistons. In order to test a multistage damper capable of exhibiting a very large damping force, it is necessary to entrust an engine having a high-capacity load tester that can withstand high loads.

  In order to test a multistage damper at the prototype stage, it is possible to reduce the cost by outsourcing the prototype to the above-mentioned organization each time. I'll be stuck.

  That said, considering that we own the load testing machine in-house, the high-capacity load testing machine is a very large and very large machine that gives vibration to the multistage damper. Expenses for development will be enormous.

  Therefore, the present invention was devised to improve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to detect a large damping force exerted by a multistage damper while using a low-capacity load tester. It is to provide a load test method capable of

  In order to achieve the above object, a load test method for a multistage damper in the problem solving means of the present invention includes a cylinder, a plurality of working chambers provided in series in the cylinder, and inserted into each working chamber. A plurality of pistons that divide the corresponding working chamber into an extension side chamber and a pressure side chamber, a rod that is movably inserted into the cylinder and connected to each piston, and a corresponding one provided for each working chamber. A multi-stage damper load test method comprising a plurality of damping passages that provide resistance to the flow of fluid passing through the extension side chamber and the pressure side chamber in a working chamber, and is provided for each working chamber. A plurality of bypass passages that connect the extension side chamber and the pressure side chamber in the corresponding working chamber by bypassing the attenuation passage, and a plurality of on-off valves provided for each of the bypass passages. Select only one The valve is closed and the others are opened, and the load measuring step is performed for all stages to measure the damping force by making the damping passage of only the stage provided with the selected opening / closing valve effective, and all of the above opening / closing valves. A no-load load measuring step for opening the valve to measure the damping force, and a calculation step for calculating the damping force of the multistage damper based on the damping force obtained in the load measuring step and the no-load load measuring step. It is characterized by that.

  According to the load test method for a multistage damper in the present invention, a large damping force exerted by the multistage damper can be detected while using a low-capacity load tester.

It is a schematic sectional drawing of a multistage damper. It is the figure which showed the state which mounted | wore the load tester with the multistage damper.

  The present invention will be described below based on the illustrated embodiment. The multistage damper D, which is a test target of the load test method for the multistage damper D according to the embodiment, will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the multi-stage damper D includes a cylinder 1, a plurality of stages provided in series in the cylinder 1, three stages in this example, three working chambers R1, R2, R3, and working chambers R1, R2, A plurality of pistons 2, 3, 4 inserted into each R 3 and partitioning the corresponding working chambers R 1, R 2, R 3 into expansion side chambers A 1, A 2, A 3 and compression side chambers B 1, B 2, B 3, and cylinder 1 A rod 5 that is movably inserted and connected to each of the pistons 2, 3, 4, and extension side chambers A 1, A 2 in the corresponding working chambers R 1, R 2, R 3 provided for the working chambers R 1, R 2, R 3 A plurality of damping passages 6, 7, and 8 are provided that provide resistance to the flow of fluid passing through A3 and pressure side chambers B1, B2, and B3.

  Although not shown, this multi-stage damper D is interposed between the pillars and beams of the structure or between the upper and lower beams and functions as a part of the vibration control device. It can be inserted between the ground and the structure together with an elastic body such as a ball isolator or laminated rubber and function as a part of the seismic isolation device, but the use of the multistage damper D is limited to this is not.

  Hereinafter, each part of the multistage damper D will be described in detail. The cylinder 1 has a cylindrical shape, and the left end in FIG. The cap 11 is provided with a bracket 12 for attaching the multistage damper D to the installation location.

  The cylinder 1 is equipped with four annular rod guides 13, 14, 15, 16 that function as partitions for forming the three working chambers R1, R2, R3. Specifically, the rod guides 13, 14, 15 are inserted into the cylinder 1 with a space therebetween and attached. The rod guide 16 is fitted to the right end of the cylinder 1 with a space from the rod guide 15 and is fixed to the cylinder 1 to close the right end of the cylinder 1. The working chamber R1 is formed in the space between the rod guide 13 and the rod guide 14, the working chamber R2 is formed in the space between the rod guide 14 and the rod guide 15, and further, the rod guide 15 and the rod A working chamber R3 is formed in a space between the guide 16 and the working chambers R1, R2, and R3 are filled with a fluid such as working oil, for example. As the fluid, it is possible to use a gas other than the liquid other than the hydraulic oil. Thus, these working chambers R1, R2, and R3 are arranged in series in the axial direction in the cylinder 1 and provided in three stages.

  A rod 5 is slidably inserted in the rod guides 13, 14, 15, 16 and is not shown in the figure, but a seal member is provided between each rod guide 13, 14, 15, 16 and the rod 5. The working chamber R1 and the working chamber R2 do not communicate with each other, and the working chamber R2 and the working chamber R3 do not communicate with each other.

  Further, in the cylinder 1, the piston 2 is slidably inserted between the rod guide 13 and the rod guide 14, and the piston 3 is slid between the rod guide 14 and the rod guide 15. The piston 4 is slidably inserted between the rod guide 15 and the rod guide 16. The pistons 2, 3 and 4 are fixed in the middle of the rod 5, and the corresponding working chambers R1, R2 and R3 are divided into expansion chambers A1, A2 and A3 and compression chambers B1, B2 and B3, respectively. Yes.

  When the rod 5 moves to the right in FIG. 1, the pistons 2, 3 and 4 fixed to the rod 5 move together with the rod 5 to compress the expansion side chambers A1, A2 and A3, and the compression side chambers B1, B2 , B3 can be enlarged, and conversely, when the rod 5 moves to the left in FIG. 1, the pistons 2, 3, 4 fixed to the rod 5 move together with the rod 5, and the compression side chambers B1, B2, B3 And the expansion side chambers A1, A2, A3 can be expanded. The rod 5 is set to a length that does not come out of the rod guides 13, 14, 15, 16 regardless of whether it moves to the left or right, and penetrates through the working chambers R 1, R 2, R 3. Therefore, even if the rod 5 moves left and right, the volume in each working chamber R1, R2, R3 is not changed. That is, in this example, the multistage damper D has a structure in which three double rod type dampers are integrated with the cylinder 1 and the rod 5 in common.

  A bracket 17 is provided at the right end of the rod 5 in FIG. 1 to attach the multistage damper D to the installation location. Both the bracket 12 and the bracket 17 described above are provided with a ball joint, and the head can be swung with respect to the installation position of the multistage damper D.

  The pistons 2, 3 and 4 are respectively provided with damping passages 6, which provide resistance to the flow of fluid passing through the cylinders 1 through the corresponding extension side chambers A1, A2, A3 and pressure side chambers B1, B2, B3. 7,8 are provided. Specifically, the damping passages 6, 7, and 8 are respectively provided with the first passages 6a, 7a, 8a and the second passages 6b that connect the corresponding extension side chambers A1, A2, A3 and the compression side chambers B1, B2, B3, respectively. 7b, 8b and the first passages 6a, 7a, 8a are provided in the middle to provide resistance to the flow of fluid from the extension side chambers A1, A2, A3 to the compression side chambers B1, B2, B3, and in the opposite direction. The pressure control valves 6c, 7c, 8c for preventing the flow and the flow of fluid from the pressure side chambers B1, B2, B3 to the extension side chambers A1, A2, A3 provided in the middle of the second passages 6b, 7b, 8b Pressure control valves 6d, 7d, and 8d that provide resistance and prevent reverse flow are configured. As described above, each of the damping passages 6, 7, and 8 may be constituted by a plurality of passages and valves, or a valve that allows bidirectional flow such as a single passage and a throttle valve provided in the passage. And may be configured. Further, the valves provided in the first passages 6a, 7a, 8a and the second passages 6b, 7b, 8b may be valves other than the pressure control valve. Further, the damping passages 6, 7, 8 can be provided in the rod 5 or outside the cylinder 1 instead of the corresponding pistons 2, 3, 4. 7 and 8 are easy to install and easy to machine.

  In the load test method of the present invention, the expansion chambers A1, A2, A3 and the compression chamber B1 in the operation chambers R1, R2, R3 corresponding to the operation chambers R1, R2, R3 of the multistage damper D configured as described above. , B2 and B3 are provided with a plurality of bypass passages 20, 21 and 22, and on-off valves 23, 24 and 25 are provided in the middle of the bypass passages 20, 21 and 22, respectively. The on-off valves 23, 24, and 25 may be configured to be opened and closed as electromagnetic valves by external control commands, or may be opened and closed by manual operation. The bypass passages 20, 21, 22 and the on-off valves 23, 24, 25 are provided outside the cylinder 1, but may be provided on the pistons 2, 3, 4 or the rod 5.

  For example, in the state where the on-off valve 23 is opened, even if the piston 2 moves to the left and right and compresses the expansion side chamber A1 or the compression side chamber B1, the fluid gives priority to the bypass passage 20 having a lower resistance than the attenuation passage 6. Then, it passes through and moves from the expansion side chamber A1 to the compression side chamber B1 or from the compression side chamber B1 to the expansion side chamber A1. In a state where the on-off valve 23 is closed, when the piston 2 moves left and right and compresses the expansion side chamber A1 or the compression side chamber B1, the fluid moves only through the damping passage 6 because the bypass passage 20 is blocked. It will be. Therefore, whether the fluid passes through the attenuation passage 6 or the bypass passage 20 can be selected by opening and closing the on-off valve 23. When the on-off valve 23 is closed and the damping passage 6 functions effectively, when the piston 2 moves to the left and right, a pressure loss occurs due to the resistance that the damping passage 6 gives to the flow of fluid, and the expansion side chamber A1 and the pressure side chamber A large differential pressure is generated at B1, and a damping force is generated in the piston 2 that hinders movement to the left and right. On the other hand, when the on-off valve 23 is opened and the bypass passage 20 functions effectively, the bypass passage 20 resists the flow of fluid when the piston 2 moves to the left and right, although it is smaller than the attenuation passage 6. Therefore, a pressure loss occurs, a differential pressure is generated in the extension side chamber A1 and the pressure side chamber B1, and a damping force is generated in the piston 2 that prevents the piston 2 from moving left and right. The damping force when the bypass passage 20 is effective is very small compared to the damping force when the attenuation passage 6 is effective. Similarly, the on-off valves 24 and 25 can also be selected to pass through the damping passages 7 and 8 corresponding to the fluid or the bypass passages 21 and 22 by opening and closing. Can be selected, or the damping passages 7 and 8 can be made effective to output a large damping force.

  When all the damping passages 6, 7, 8 are effective, the pistons 2, 3, 4 are connected to one rod 5. , A3 and the sum of the damping forces generated by the differential pressures of the pressure side chambers B1, B2 and B3 become the damping force of the multistage damper D as a whole.

  In other words, the damping force of the entire multistage damper D is selected by selecting whether the bypass passages 20, 21, 22 or the damping passages 6, 7, 8 are enabled by opening / closing the on-off valves 23, 24, 25. Can be adjusted.

  Next, the load test method will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 2, the multistage damper D is attached to the load tester T. The load tester T includes, for example, a base 30, a direct acting actuator 31 provided on the base 30, and a load sensor 32. Then, the bracket 12 of the multistage damper D is attached to the base 30, the bracket 17 is attached to the actuator 31, and the multistage damper D is attached to the load tester T. The load tester T can expand and contract the multi-stage damper D by driving the actuator 31, and the load sensor 32 can detect the damping force generated by the multi-stage damper D at that time. .

  Subsequently, only one of the on-off valves 23, 24, and 25 in the multistage damper D is selected and closed, and the others are opened. For example, the on-off valve 23 is closed and the on-off valves 24 and 25 are opened. Then, the damping force of only the stage provided with the selected on-off valve 23 is validated, and the damping force of the entire multistage damper D is measured, and this is set as the damping force F1. Similar operations are performed for the other stages. The on-off valve 24 is closed and the on-off valves 23 and 25 are opened. Then, the damping passage 7 of only the stage provided with the selected on-off valve 24 is made effective and the damping force of the entire multistage damper D is measured, and this is set as the damping force F2. Further, the on-off valve 25 is closed and the on-off valves 23 and 24 are opened. And the damping path 8 of only the stage provided with the selected on-off valve 25 is made effective, the damping force of the entire multistage damper D is measured, and this is set as the damping force F3. That is, only one of the on / off valves 23, 24, and 25 is selected and closed, and the other is opened, and the damping force is measured with the damping passage of only the stage provided with the selected on / off valve being effective. For all stages (load measurement step). In the load measuring step, the entire damping force of the multistage damper D is measured by making the damping passages 6, 7, and 8 effective for each stage.

  Next, all the on-off valves 23, 24, and 25 are opened, all the bypass paths 20, 21, and 22 are enabled, the damping force of the entire multistage damper D is measured, and this is set as the damping force Fdr ( No-load load measurement step). In the no-load load measurement step, the bypass passages 20, 21, 22 are all effective, and the fluid is passed through the bypass passages 20, 21, 22 in preference to the attenuation passages 6, 7, 8, and the damping force of the multistage damper D is increased. The damping force in the case of the minimum is measured.

  In the state where the on-off valve 23 is closed and the on-off valves 24, 25 are opened, the fluid passes through the damping passage 6, and the on-off valves 24, 25 are opened to enable the bypass passages 21, 22. The fluid passes through these bypass passages 21 and 22. Therefore, the damping force F1 measured in the load measurement step described above includes the damping force caused by the bypass paths 21 and 22 in addition to the damping force caused by the damping path 6. That is, if the damping force caused by the damping path 6 is Fd1, the damping force caused by the bypass path 21 is Fdr2, and the damping force caused by the bypass path 22 is Fdr3, F1 = Fd1 + Fdr2 + Fdr3.

  In the state where the on-off valve 24 is closed and the on-off valves 23, 25 are opened, the fluid passes through the attenuation passage 7, and the on-off valves 23, 25 are opened to enable the bypass passages 20, 22. The fluid passes through these bypass passages 20 and 22. Therefore, the damping force F2 measured in the load measurement step described above includes the damping force caused by the bypass passages 20 and 22 in addition to the damping force caused by the damping passage 7. That is, assuming that the damping force caused by the damping path 7 is Fd2, the damping force caused by the bypass path 20 is Fdr1, and the damping force caused by the bypass path 22 is Fdr3, F2 = Fd2 + Fdr1 + Fdr3.

  Similarly, when the on-off valve 25 is closed and the on-off valves 23, 24 are opened, the fluid passes through the damping passage 8, and the on-off valves 23, 24 are opened to enable the bypass passages 20, 21. Therefore, the fluid passes through these bypass passages 20 and 21. Therefore, the damping force F3 measured in the load measurement step described above includes the damping force caused by the bypass passages 20 and 21 in addition to the damping force caused by the damping passage 8. That is, assuming that the damping force caused by the damping path 8 is Fd3, the damping force caused by the bypass path 20 is Fdr1, and the damping force caused by the bypass path 21 is Fdr2, F3 = Fd3 + Fdr1 + Fdr2.

  On the other hand, in the no-load load measurement step, all of the on-off valves 23, 24, and 25 were opened, and the bypass paths 20, 21, and 22 were all enabled, and the damping force of the multistage damper D was measured. The damping force Fdr of the multistage damper D at this time is Fdr = Fdr1 + Fdr2 + Fdr3, as can be understood from the above description.

  The damping force of the multistage damper D to be obtained is the damping force that the multistage damper D exhibits when the damping passages 6, 7, and 8 are made effective. If this damping force is set to Fall, it can be expressed as Fall = Fd1 + Fd2 + Fd3. However, Fd1, Fd2, and Fd3 are unknown because they cannot be measured directly.

  Therefore, when each damping force is measured in the load measurement step and the no-load load measurement step described above, the damping force Fall is obtained in the calculation step.

  First, all the measured damping forces F1, F2, and F3 are added. From the above relationship, the relationship of F1 + F2 + F3 = Fd1 + Fd2 + Fd3 + (Fdr1 + Fdr2 + Fdr3) × 2 holds.

  Here, Fd1 + Fd2 + Fd3 is the fall to be obtained, and Fdr1 + Fdr2 + Fdr3 is the damping force Fdr obtained in the no-load load measurement step.

  Therefore, Fall = F1 + F2 + F3-Fdr × 2, and the total damping force Fall of the multistage damper D can be obtained using the damping forces F1, F2, F3, and Fdr measured in the load measurement step and the no-load load measurement step. it can.

  In the above description, the number of working chamber stages is three, but when the number of stages is n (n is an integer of 2 or more), the damping passage is enabled one by one and the damping force of the multistage damper D is measured. Then, n damping forces can be measured, and when the measured n damping forces are summed, only the bypass path measured with (n-1) no-load load steps is made effective. Since the damping force of the entire multistage damper D is included, by subtracting this, it is possible to obtain a damping force that makes effective only the damping path of the multistage damper D.

  As described above, in the load test method of the present invention, it is not necessary to measure all the damping paths of the multi-stage damper D and measure the large damping force exhibited by the multi-stage damper D, and measure the damping force step by step. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a high-capacity load tester that can withstand high loads. Therefore, according to the load test method of the present invention, a large damping force exerted by the multistage damper D can be detected using a low-capacity load tester. In addition, since it is possible to use a low-capacity load tester, it is no longer necessary to request a load test from an engine that possesses a high-capacity load tester each time a multistage damper D is prototyped. This eliminates the need to design and produce a new high-capacity load tester, which is economical.

  Furthermore, the damping force exhibited by the multistage damper D can be derived by a very simple calculation, and the damping force exhibited by the multistage damper D can be easily evaluated.

  This is the end of the description of the embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is of course not limited to the details shown or described.

1 Cylinder 2, 3, 4 Piston 5 Rod 6, 7, 8 Damping passage 20, 21, 22, Bypass passage 23, 24, 25 On-off valve A1, A2, A3 Extension side chamber B1, B2, B3 Pressure side chamber D Multistage damper R1, R2, R3 working chamber

Claims (2)

A cylinder, a plurality of working chambers provided in series in the cylinder, a plurality of pistons that are inserted into the working chambers of each stage and divide the corresponding working chamber into an extension side chamber and a pressure side chamber; The rod is movably inserted into the piston and connected to the pistons, and the flow of fluid passing through the extension side chamber and the pressure side chamber provided in each of the working chambers in communication with the corresponding working chamber is resisted. A load test method for a multi-stage damper having a plurality of damping passages to be provided,
A plurality of bypass passages that are provided for each working chamber and communicate with the extension side chamber and the pressure side chamber in the corresponding working chamber by bypassing the attenuation passage, and a plurality of on-off valves provided for each bypass passage. Provided,
A load that selects all of the opening / closing valves, closes them, and opens the others, and makes the damping passage of only the stage with the selected opening / closing valve effective and measures the damping force for all stages. Measuring steps;
A no-load load measuring step for measuring the damping force by opening all of the on-off valves;
A load test method for a multistage damper, comprising: a calculation step for calculating a damping force of the multistage damper based on the damping force obtained in the load measurement step and the no-load load measurement step. In the calculation step, the number of working chambers is n, and a value obtained by multiplying the damping force obtained in the no-load load measurement step by (n−1) is subtracted from the total damping force obtained in the load measurement step. The load test method for a multistage damper according to claim 1, wherein the damping force of the multistage damper is calculated by:

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