JP6258625B2 - Fuel assemblies for boiling water reactors - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel assembly for a boiling water reactor, and more particularly to a fuel assembly having a square lattice arrangement of 10 rows and 10 columns or more.

  In a boiling water reactor (hereinafter referred to as “BWR”) in Japan, a fuel assembly (hereinafter referred to as “m rows and n columns”) having a square lattice arrangement of 9 rows and 9 columns is referred to as “mx × n "is also used). On the other hand, development of a fuel assembly having a 10 × 10 square lattice arrangement in which the number of lattices is further increased (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Such a 10 × 10 fuel assembly has about 20% more fuel rods per fuel assembly than a 9 × 9 fuel assembly, so that the amount of heat generated per unit length of the fuel rods is reduced, resulting in an average line output. Reduction in the maximum linear power density can be expected due to the decrease in density. In addition, in the 10 × 10 fuel assembly, the fuel rod surface area can be made larger than that in the 9 × 9 fuel assembly, and thus it becomes possible to reduce the limit output leading to the boiling transition. Further, the increase in the number of fuel rods per fuel assembly has the advantage that the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the enrichment and the burnable poison (hereinafter referred to as “BP”) can be increased.

  Generally, when the number of fuel rods increases, the flow path area decreases and the friction pressure loss tends to increase. For this reason, when a fuel assembly having a larger number of fuel rods and a conventional fuel assembly are simultaneously loaded in the reactor core, a fuel assembly having a larger number of fuel rods and a higher pressure loss will have cooling water. Becomes difficult to be distributed. This may cause inconveniences such as insufficient heat removal and deterioration of channel stability. Therefore, in order to suppress such inconvenience, it is required to design the fuel assembly so as to be equivalent to the conventional pressure loss even if the number of fuel rods is increased.

  In order to meet this demand, Patent Document 1 uses partial-length fuel rods in a 10 × 10 fuel assembly, and optimizes the number and arrangement of the rods to achieve the same pressure loss as a 9 × 9 fuel assembly. A technique is disclosed. Specifically, 14 partial-length fuel rods are arranged, and all the partial-length fuel rods are arranged adjacent to non-boiling water, so that gap water together with the partial-length fuel rods is disposed on the upper side in the axial direction of the fuel assembly. And a large non-boiling region containing large diameter water rods, thereby reducing the reactivity in the cold shutdown state.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 2, in the fuel assembly for BWR, the concentration and BP content of the fissile material at the lower part in the axial direction are set higher than those at the upper part in the axial direction, and the concentration of the fissile material is increased. The boundary and the boundary of the BP content are described differently. This fuel assembly is configured for the purpose of realizing characteristics suitable for so-called spectrum shift operation in which the nuclear fuel material is effectively used. Specifically, the axial distribution of enrichment increases the output peak on the lower axial side in the initial stage of combustion to increase the accumulation of fissile plutonium in the upper axial region, and the core average void fraction at the end of combustion And the effective utilization of accumulated fissile plutonium. In addition, by using such an enrichment distribution, the effect of increasing the reactor shutdown margin can be expected by relatively reducing the enrichment in the axially upper region of the fuel assembly where the reactivity increases at low temperatures.

Japanese Patent No. 4078062 JP-A-4-220595

  Combining these technologies described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, that is, adopting a partial-length fuel rod while increasing the output peak on the lower side in the axial direction at the beginning of combustion by the axial distribution of enrichment of fissile material By doing so, it is expected to realize a 10 × 10 fuel assembly that exhibits further advantageous effects. That is, with such a configuration, even at the end of combustion when the average core void ratio decreases, the output peak on the upper side in the axial direction becomes more conspicuous than conventional fuels that do not have an axial distribution of the concentration of fissile material. The effect which prevents it is expected. As a result, it is considered that the characteristics in the spectrum shift operation can be further improved, and the economic efficiency and the reactor shutdown margin can be further improved.

  However, if the enrichment of the fissile material on the lower side in the axial direction of the fuel assembly is excessively increased, the reactivity of the lower region in the axial direction becomes excessive, and the maximum linear power density increases to an inconvenient level. There are concerns about adverse effects such as

  On the other hand, assuming a control rod drop accident at the time of reactor startup, the output increase of the fuel rod adjacent to the drop control rod is relatively large. In the fuel assembly including the fuel rod, when the local peaking coefficient (the ratio of the maximum fuel rod output to the average fuel rod output in the cross section of the fuel assembly) is large, the fuel enthalpy increases greatly and the event becomes severe. Further, when the above-described spectrum shift operation is performed, the reactivity in the upper region in the axial direction of the fuel assembly may be excessively increased at a low temperature at which no void is generated. In this way, the greater the local peaking coefficient and the reactivity of the upper region in the axial direction of the fuel assembly, the more severe the event progression when the control rod falls, and this is in terms of operational control and safety. Concern will increase.

  On the other hand, in the configuration in which the enrichment of the fissile material on the lower side in the axial direction of the fuel assembly is higher than that on the upper side in the axial direction and the partial-length fuel rod is combined, A fuel rod having a different enrichment and a region where no fuel rod exists are mixed. Therefore, in such a configuration, in order to eliminate or reduce the above-mentioned operational control and safety concerns at the time of reactor start-up, the arrangement of the enrichment of each fuel rod in the fuel assembly is devised, and the axial direction It is necessary to reduce the reactivity at low temperature and the local peaking coefficient in the upper region.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can further improve the characteristics of the spectrum shift operation to further improve the economic efficiency and the reactor shutdown margin as compared with the conventional one, and in the axial direction. An object of the present invention is to provide a BWR fuel assembly capable of reducing the reactivity at the low temperature in the upper region and the local peaking coefficient.

  In order to solve the above problems, a fuel assembly for a BWR according to the present invention has a fuel rod group in which a fuel pellet containing a nuclear fuel material is filled in a cladding tube having 10 rows and 10 columns (10 × 10) or more. A water rod is provided in a region corresponding to a plurality of fuel rods arranged in a square lattice arrangement and in the square lattice arrangement. The fuel rod group includes a first fuel rod having a uniform or substantially uniform enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in the axial direction, and a enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in the axially lower portion. A second fuel rod that is higher than the first fuel rod and a third fuel rod that has a shorter effective fuel length than the first fuel rod and the second fuel rod. The second fuel rod is disposed only at the outermost periphery of the BWR fuel assembly and / or at a position adjacent to the water rod (that is, the second fuel rod is not disposed at other positions). In addition, the number of second fuel rods is less than half (less than half) the number of first fuel rods.

  In the BWR fuel assembly configured as described above, if the first fuel rod having no enrichment distribution of the nuclear fuel rod material in the axial direction is a “standard fuel rod”, the second fuel configured as described above is used. The rod corresponds to “a fuel rod having a specific enrichment distribution”. Further, the third fuel rod having a shorter effective length than the first fuel rod as the “standard fuel rod” corresponds to the “partial fuel rod” described above. The concentration distribution of the nuclear fuel material in the second fuel rod is not particularly limited as long as the condition of the upper axial direction <the lower axial direction (however, excluding the upper and lower ends is preferable) is relatively limited. May change intermittently or may change intermittently. Also, the boundary position between the “upper” and “lower” in the axial direction is not particularly limited. Furthermore, specific examples of the water rod include, for example, those having a so-called water channel structure with a square tube shape (rectangular section), and a round tube shape (circular section). The “cross section” indicates a cross section in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis (longitudinal axis, extended axis) of the fuel rod or fuel assembly.

  In the BWR fuel assembly according to the present invention having such a configuration, the concentration of the nuclear fuel material in the lower axial direction is higher than the concentration of the nuclear fuel material in the upper axial direction. Since both of the third fuel rods are included, the spectral shift operation can be promoted to improve the economic efficiency, and the reactor shutdown margin can be increased. In addition, by disposing the second fuel rod only at the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly and / or the position adjacent to the water rod, and limiting the number of the second fuel rods to a predetermined range, the shaft It was confirmed that the reactivity at low temperatures in the upper region in the direction (neutron infinite multiplication factor as an index) can be reduced and the increase in local peaking coefficient in the region can be effectively suppressed.

  In addition, the third fuel rod is disposed only at both the outermost periphery of the BWR fuel assembly and the position adjacent to the water rod (that is, the third fuel rod is disposed at positions other than those positions). It is also preferable to adopt a configuration that is not). Furthermore, it is preferable that all of the fuel rods arranged at positions adjacent to the water rod are the second fuel rod or the third fuel rod. By using these structures, it is possible to further reduce the reactivity at low temperatures (infinite multiplication factor as an index) in the upper region in the axial direction and further suppress the increase in the local peaking coefficient.

  According to the present invention, the first fuel rod that is a standard fuel rod is mixed with the second fuel rod that has a specific enrichment distribution of nuclear fuel material and the third fuel rod that is a partial length fuel rod. On the other hand, by limiting the arrangement of the second fuel rods to the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly and / or the position adjacent to the water rods and also limiting the number thereof, the reactivity at the low temperature in the axial upper region It is possible to reduce the local peaking coefficient in the same region. Thereby, it can contribute to the improvement of operation controllability, economy, and further safety in the nuclear reactor loaded with the BWR fuel assembly.

(A) is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in a typical form of a conventional BWR fuel assembly, and (B) schematically shows the fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly. FIG. (A) is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in another form of a BWR fuel assembly as a reference example (comparative example), and (B) shows the fuel assembly. It is a side view which shows typically the fuel rod with which it is equipped. FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in a preferred first embodiment of a BWR fuel assembly according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in a second preferred embodiment of a BWR fuel assembly according to the present invention. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the neutron infinite multiplication factor at the time of the low temperature in the axial direction upper area | region of each fuel assembly. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the local peaking coefficient at the time of the low temperature in the axial direction upper area | region of each fuel assembly. (A) is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in the fuel assembly according to Example 1, and (B) is a side view schematically showing the fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly. It is. (A) is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in the fuel assembly according to Embodiment 2, and (B) is a side view schematically showing the fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly. It is. (A) is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in the fuel assembly according to Embodiment 3, and (B) is a side view schematically showing the fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly. It is.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The positional relationship such as up, down, left, and right is based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. Further, the dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the illustrated ratios. Furthermore, the following embodiment is an illustration for explaining the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention only to the embodiment. Furthermore, the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist thereof.

(Conventional fuel assembly)
FIG. 1A is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in a typical embodiment of a conventional BWR fuel assembly. In the fuel assembly 100, a plurality of fuel rods 1 in which fuel pellets containing uranium oxide as a nuclear fuel material are filled in a cladding tube are arranged in a 10 × 10 square lattice array, and 3 × 3 fuel rods 9 The water rod W is provided in the central region that occupies this portion. The fuel rod group of this fuel assembly 100 is a standard fuel rod (No. 1) whose nuclear fuel material enrichment in a portion excluding the low enriched uranium blanket portion described later is “b” that is uniform or substantially uniform in the axial direction. Equivalent to one fuel rod; hereinafter referred to as “type 1 fuel rod”) and a partial-length fuel rod having an effective fuel length shorter than that fuel rod and having the same enrichment “b” (corresponding to the third fuel rod) Hereinafter referred to as “type P1 fuel rod”).

The type 1 fuel rod has a round tube shape having a circular cross section, and the water rod W has, for example, a square tube shape having a rectangular cross section. However, in the drawing, description of the detailed actual shape thereof is omitted. . The same applies to other figures (FIG. 2A, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 7A, FIG. 8A, and FIG. 9A) described later. Further, in the figure, a 10 × 10 square lattice array is shown by 10 rows (m1 row to m10 row) and 10 columns (n1 column to n10 column), and in the following description, 10 × 10 square The position of each fuel rod, water rod, etc. in the lattice arrangement may be represented by matrix coordinate elements (m _i , n _j ) (provided that subscripts i and j indicate integers from 1 to 10).

  FIG. 1B is a side view schematically showing fuel rods (type 1 fuel rods and type P1 fuel rods) provided in the fuel assembly 100. In FIG. 1B, a reference for height (length) is shown. The node scale Z obtained by dividing the total length of the type 1 fuel rod into 24 is also shown. As shown in the figure, type 1 fuel rods are provided with low enriched uranium blankets at the lower end 1 node (node 1) and the upper end 2 nodes (nodes 23 and 24). A certain type P1 fuel rod is provided with a low enriched uranium blanket at one node (node 1) at the lower end.

  Furthermore, “b” described in the center of the type 1 fuel rod and the type P1 fuel rod is the enrichment of each nuclear fuel material described above, and the number in parentheses immediately below the reference numeral is loaded on the fuel assembly 100. The quantity (number) of each type 1 fuel rod and type P1 fuel rod is shown. The notation in FIG. 1B is the same in other figures (FIG. 2B, FIG. 7B, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 9B) to be described later.

(Reference example fuel assembly)
FIG. 2A is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in another form of a BWR fuel assembly as a reference example (comparative example). The fuel assembly 200 includes type 1 fuel rods and type P1 fuel rods, as well as fuel rods having an enrichment distribution of nuclear fuel material in the axial direction (corresponding to second fuel rods; hereinafter referred to as “type 2 fuel rods”). Prepare. In the drawing, the type 2 fuel rods are indicated by a circled number “2” so that the fuel rods can be easily distinguished.

  FIG. 2B is a side view schematically showing fuel rods (type 1 fuel rods, type 2 fuel rods, and type P1 fuel rods) provided in the fuel assembly 200. As shown in the figure, the type 2 fuel rod is divided into two in the axial direction with the upper end (between the node 14 and the node 15) of the effective fuel length of the type P1 fuel rod being a partial length fuel rod as a boundary. The enrichment of the nuclear fuel material on the lower side in the direction is “a”, and the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material on the upper side in the axial direction is “c”. In this way, the type 2 fuel rods can be called “enriched split fuel rods” because the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material is divided into the upper part in the axial direction and the lower part in the axial direction.

  The magnitude relationship of the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material employed in these fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly 200 is “a”> “b”> “c”, and the number of fuel rods arranged is set as appropriate. By doing so, the average enrichment of the fuel assembly 200 excluding the low enriched uranium blanket portion of the nuclear fuel material is set to “b” as in the fuel assembly 100 shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and 1 (B). Has been adjusted. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 (A), eight type 2 fuel rods are arranged circumferentially at intervals in the second layer from the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly 200. When the positions of the type 2 fuel rods are indicated by matrix coordinates, (m2, n2), (m2, n6), (m2, n9), (m6, n9), (m9, n9), (m9, n6) , (M9, n2), and (m6, n2). As described above, the fuel assembly 200 has a configuration in which the type 1 fuel rods in the fuel assembly 100 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B are replaced with these eight type 2 fuel rods. The quantity of each fuel rod is as shown in FIG.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in the preferred first embodiment of the BWR fuel assembly according to the present invention. The fuel assembly 10 is configured in the same manner as the fuel assembly 200 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B except that the arrangement of the type 2 fuel rods is changed. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, eight type 2 fuel rods arranged in the second layer from the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly 200 are replaced with type 1 fuel rods, and instead, the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly 10 is replaced. A total of eight type 2 fuel rods are arranged so that two are adjacent to the center of each side. When the positions of the type 2 fuel rods are indicated by matrix coordinates, (m1, n5) and (m1, n6) on the uppermost peripheral side, (m5, n1) and (m6, n1) on the left side, (M5, n10) and (m6, n10), and (m10, n5) and (m10, n6) on the lower side. The enrichment of each fuel rod in the fuel assembly 10 is the same as that shown in FIG. 2B, and is not shown here.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in the second preferred embodiment of the BWR fuel assembly according to the present invention. The fuel assembly 20 is also configured in the same manner as the fuel assembly 200 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B except that the arrangement of the type 2 fuel rods is changed. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, eight type 2 fuel rods arranged in the second layer from the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly 200 are replaced with type 1 fuel rods, and instead, the water rods in the fuel assembly 20 are replaced. A total of eight type 2 fuel rods are arranged at predetermined intervals at positions adjacent to W. When the positions of the type 2 fuel rods are indicated by matrix coordinates, (m4, n5) and (m4, n7) on the upper side of the adjacent layer of the water rod W, (m5, n4) and (m7, n4) on the left side ), (M5, n8) and (m7, n8) on the right side, and (m8, n5) and (m8, n7) on the lower side. The enrichment of each fuel rod in the fuel assembly 20 is also the same as that shown in FIG. 2B, and is not shown here.

  Note that “adjacent to the water rod” indicates a state where the water rod is disposed opposite to the water rod in the same row or the same column as the matrix region occupied by the water rod. For example, in the case of a water rod having a square tube shape, it shows a state of being arranged facing the side wall surface (vertical and horizontal sides in a rectangular cross section), or in the case of a water rod having a round tube shape as described later, Is a square tube-shaped water rod, it shows a state where it is arranged to face its virtual side wall surface (vertical and horizontal sides in a rectangular cross section).

(Evaluation of reactivity and local peaking coefficient)
Regarding the above-described conventional fuel assembly 100, the reference fuel assembly 200, and the fuel assemblies 10 and 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the reactivity at low temperature in the upper region in the axial direction (the index at low temperature is used as an index). The neutron infinite multiplication factor) and the local peaking coefficient at low temperatures were calculated and evaluated using the fuel assembly nuclear property calculation code. The results are shown in the graphs of FIGS. In both graphs, the calculation results obtained by normalizing the calculated values for the fuel assembly 100 as reference values are plotted with black squares (■), and the plotted points are connected by a broken line as a guide. It shows with.

  From FIG. 5, the fuel assembly 200 of the reference example provided with the type 2 fuel rods that are the enrichment-divided fuel rods is higher in the axial upper region than the fuel assembly 100 of the conventional example that does not include the type 2 fuel rods. The neutron infinite multiplication factor at low temperatures is significantly reduced. Further, in the fuel assemblies 10 and 20 according to the present invention in which the number of type 2 fuel rods is the same as that of the fuel assembly 200 but the arrangement is different, the neutron at the low temperature It was confirmed that the infinite multiplication factor further decreased. That is, it has been found that the fuel assemblies 10 and 20 have a significantly greater degree of decrease in reactivity in the upper axial region than the fuel assembly 100.

  Here, in the operation state in which the fuel assemblies 200, 100, 10, and 20 are loaded in the reactor core, the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly and the vicinity of the water rod W are compared with other regions in the fuel assembly. Thus, the moderator density becomes relatively large and the neutron importance becomes higher. In the fuel assemblies 10 and 20, type 2 fuel rods are arranged at positions adjacent to the outermost periphery and the water rod W, and the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material on the upper side in the axial direction is higher than that of the surrounding fuel rods. It is presumed that the effect of reducing the neutron infinite multiplication factor is significantly and sufficiently enhanced as compared with the fuel assembly 100 because it is small. Moreover, the type P1 fuel rods are installed in the axial lower region of the fuel assembly as in the fuel assemblies 10 and 20, and the type 2 fuel rods are arranged adjacent to the fuel assembly 10 and 20, thereby reducing the neutron infinite multiplication factor. Is further enhanced. Such a decrease in the infinite neutron multiplication factor at low temperatures leads to an increase in the reactor shutdown margin. In this respect, the type 2 fuel rod is disposed only at the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly or the position adjacent to the water rod W. The superiority of the fuel assemblies 10 and 20 is understood.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the fuel assembly 200 of the reference example including the type 2 fuel rods that are the enrichment split fuel rods has a local peaking coefficient as compared with the fuel assembly 100 of the conventional example not including the type 2 fuel rods. Is confirmed to increase. This is due to the fact that type 2 fuel rods having regions with relatively low nuclear fuel material enrichment are mixed in the fuel rod group, thereby increasing the relative output of type 1 fuel rods with relatively high nuclear fuel material enrichment. It is assumed that As described above, if the local peaking coefficient at a low temperature increases as described above, the event progress at the time of dropping of the control rod may become severe.

  On the other hand, as is clear from FIG. 6, the fuel assemblies 10 and 20 have the same number of type 2 fuel rods as the fuel assemblies 200, but the increase in local peaking coefficient relative to the fuel assembly 100 (increase) Rate) was found to be significantly relaxed. This is because a type 2 fuel rod having a region where the concentration of nuclear fuel material is relatively low is disposed at a position where the moderator density is relatively large (see the explanation in FIG. 5 above), thereby providing a type 1 fuel. The relative output of type 2 fuel rods, which are low enrichment fuel rods, is increased compared to rods, and as a result, the relative output of type 1 fuel rods, which are high enrichment fuel rods, is reduced compared to type 2 fuel rods. It is presumed that this is due to the effect to be obtained.

  From the above, according to the fuel assemblies 10 and 20, the use of the type 2 fuel rod, which is an enrichment-divided fuel rod, reduces the reactivity at a low temperature as described above (see FIG. 5) and shuts down the reactor. Ensuring the increase in local peaking coefficient that can be inevitably caused by the use of Type 2 fuel rods while increasing the margin and enjoying the benefits of facilitating spectrum shift operation during output operation Is possible.

  In addition, when more type 2 fuel rods are arranged, in order to maintain the average enrichment of the nuclear fuel material of the fuel assembly at “b”, the enrichment on the lower side in the axial direction should be further increased than “a”. Is required. If it does so, the neutron infinite multiplication factor and local peaking coefficient at the time of the output operation of the axial lower region will increase, and the maximum linear power density will become strict with respect to the limit value. That degree generally tends to be more pronounced in the lower axial region than in the upper axial region of the fuel assembly. This is because during output operation, the void ratio is smaller in the lower axial direction than in the upper axial direction of the fuel assembly, and thus the moderator density is larger in the lower axial direction than in the upper axial direction. This is because distortion tends to occur.

  From this viewpoint, according to the knowledge of the present inventor, the number of type 2 fuel rods is desirably less than half (less than half) of type 1 fuel rods. In the fuel assemblies 10 and 20 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, eight type 2 fuel rods are arranged for 69 type 1 fuel rods, and the number of type 2 fuel rods is type 1 fuel rods. Therefore, the degree of increase in neutron infinite multiplication factor and local peaking coefficient during output operation is extremely small, which may cause the maximum line power density to be excessive. Is prevented.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1
FIG. 7A is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of the fuel rods and the like in the fuel assembly according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7B is a schematic view of the fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly. FIG. In FIG. 7A, the fuel assembly 30 is adjacent to the cross-shaped control rod S and is disposed in one of the four regions partitioned by the control rod S. (The same applies to FIGS. 8A and 9A described later).

  Like the fuel assembly described above, the fuel assembly 30 has a 10 × 10 square lattice arrangement, and a rectangular tube-shaped water rod W is formed in a central region that occupies nine 3 × 3 fuel rods. It is provided. The fuel rod group of the fuel assembly 30 includes five types of fuel rods (hereinafter referred to as “type 1 to 5 fuel rods”) having different concentrations of nuclear fuel materials, a fuel effective length shorter than those fuel rods, and a nuclear fuel. Two types of partial-length fuel rods (corresponding to the third fuel rod; hereinafter referred to as “type 6 fuel rods” and “type 7 fuel rods”), and BP-containing fuel rods (hereinafter referred to as “types”). G1 fuel rod ”). Both types of fuel rods have a round tube shape with a circular cross section.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 7B, type 1-5 fuel rods and type G1 fuel rods have low enrichment uranium blankets at the lower end 1 node (node 1) and the upper end 2 nodes (nodes 23 and 24). The type 6 and 7 fuel rods, which are partial length fuel rods, are provided with a low enriched uranium blanket at one node (node 1) at the lower end.

  Among these, the enrichment of nuclear fuel material of type 1, 3, 4, 5 fuel rods is uniform or substantially uniform in the axial direction, and is “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”, respectively. These fuel rods correspond to the first fuel rods. On the other hand, the type 2 fuel rod in this embodiment also has the upper end of the effective fuel length (between the nodes 14 and 15) of the type 6 and 7 fuel rods, which are partial length fuel rods, like the type 2 fuel rod described above. The boundary is divided into two in the axial direction, the concentration of the nuclear fuel material on the lower side in the axial direction is “A”, and the concentration of the nuclear fuel material on the upper side in the axial direction is “B”. Thus, the type 2 fuel rod of this embodiment also corresponds to the “enrichment split fuel rod”.

  Further, the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in the type 6 and 7 fuel rods which are partial length fuel rods is “B” and “D”, respectively. Further, the concentration of the nuclear fuel material in the type G1 fuel rod which is a BP-containing fuel rod is “B”, and its gadolinia concentration is “α”. This type G1 fuel rod also corresponds to the first fuel rod in that the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material is uniform or substantially uniform in the axial direction. In addition, the magnitude relationship of the enrichment of those nuclear fuel materials is “A”> “B”> “C”> “D”.

  In the fuel assembly 30 configured as described above, the type 2 fuel rods, which are enrichment-divided fuel rods, are arranged only at the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly 30 and the position adjacent to the water rod W. It is not placed at the coordinate position. With such a configuration, it is possible to secure a sufficient reactor shutdown margin and improve safety when the control rod is dropped, and to promote the spectrum shift operation to improve fuel economy. In addition, since all of the fuel rods adjacent to the water rod W are either type 6 fuel rods that are partial length fuel rods or type 2 fuel rods that are enrichment split fuel rods, the reactor shutdown margin Can be further improved.

  Further, in the fuel assembly 30, the total number of type 1, 3, 4, 5 fuel rods and type G1 fuel rods corresponding to the first fuel rods is 61, whereas the number of type 2 fuel rods is The number is 16. Thus, since the number of type 2 fuel rods is less than half (less than half) the number of first fuel rods, the neutron infinite multiplication factor and local peaking coefficient in the axial lower region during power operation It is possible to prevent the maximum line power density from becoming excessively large.

(Example 2)
FIG. 8A is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of fuel rods and the like in the fuel assembly according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 8B is a schematic view of the fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly. FIG. The fuel assembly 40 has a 10 × 10 square lattice arrangement, and two water rods W, W each having a round tube shape are disposed at two locations near the center, each occupying four 2 × 2 fuel rods. It is provided in the area. More specifically, these water rods W, W are the fuel rods of a specific corner portion (m1, n1) corresponding to (closest to) the insertion position of the control rod S and the corner portions (m10, n10) facing the fuel rods. ) Are arranged so that the midpoint on the virtual diagonal line connecting the fuel rods is the center of gravity.

  The fuel rod group of the fuel assembly 40 includes four types of fuel rods (hereinafter referred to as “type 11-14 fuel rods”) having different concentrations of nuclear fuel materials, and one type having a shorter effective fuel length than those fuel rods. The partial-length fuel rod (corresponding to the third fuel rod; hereinafter referred to as “type 15 fuel rod”) and the fuel rod containing BP (hereinafter referred to as “type G2 fuel rod”). Both types of fuel rods have a round tube shape with a circular cross section.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, the type 11-14 fuel rods and the type G2 fuel rods are provided with low enrichment uranium blankets at the lower end 1 node (node 1) and the upper end 1 node (node 24). ing.

  Among these, the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material of the type 11 and 14 fuel rods is uniform or substantially uniform in the axial direction, and is “E” and “H”, respectively. It corresponds to a fuel rod. On the other hand, the type 12 and 13 fuel rods in this embodiment are divided into two in the axial direction with the upper end (between the nodes 12 and 13) of the effective fuel length of the type 15 fuel rod as a partial length fuel rod as a boundary. . In the type 12 fuel rod, the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material on the lower side in the axial direction and the upper side in the axial direction is “E” and “F”, respectively. In the type 13 fuel rod, the lower side in the axial direction and the upper side in the axial direction The concentrations of the nuclear fuel materials are “F” and “G”, respectively. Thus, the type 12, 13 fuel rods of this embodiment also correspond to “enrichment split fuel rods”.

  Further, the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in the type 15 fuel rod which is a partial length fuel rod is “F”. Note that, unlike the other fuel rods, the lower end portion of the type 15 fuel rod in the present embodiment is not provided with a low enriched uranium blanket, and the plenum region is assumed here. Further, the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in the type G2 fuel rod, which is a fuel rod containing BP, is also “F”, and its gadolinia concentration is “β”. This type G2 fuel rod also corresponds to the first fuel rod in that the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material is uniform or substantially uniform in the axial direction. In addition, the magnitude relationship of the enrichment of those nuclear fuel materials is “E”> “F”> “G”> “H”.

  Also in the fuel assembly 40 configured as described above, the type 12 and 13 fuel rods, which are enrichment-divided fuel rods, are arranged only at the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly 40 and the positions adjacent to the water rods W and W. And are not arranged at other coordinate positions. Therefore, even with such a configuration, it is possible to sufficiently secure the reactor shutdown margin and realize safety improvement at the time of dropping of the control rod, and to promote the spectrum shift operation and improve the fuel economy. .

  In the fuel assembly 40, the total number of type 11, 14 fuel rods and type G2 fuel rods corresponding to the first fuel rod is 58, whereas the total number of type 12, 13 fuel rods is 20. It is a book. Thus, since the total number of type 12 and 13 fuel rods is less than half (less than half) the number of first fuel rods, the neutron infinite multiplication factor in the axial lower region during output operation and An increase in the local peaking coefficient can be suppressed, and the maximum line power density can be prevented from becoming excessive.

(Example 3)
FIG. 9A is a horizontal sectional view schematically showing the arrangement of the fuel rods and the like in the fuel assembly according to the third embodiment. FIG. 9B is a schematic view of the fuel rods provided in the fuel assembly. FIG. Like the fuel assembly 40 of the second embodiment, the fuel assembly 50 has a 10 × 10 square lattice arrangement, and the two water rods W and W having a round tube shape are each 2 × 2 fuel. It is provided in two areas near the center occupying four bars.

  The fuel rod group of the fuel assembly 50 includes four types of fuel rods (hereinafter referred to as “type 21 to 24 fuel rods”) having different concentrations of nuclear fuel materials, and two types having a fuel effective length shorter than those fuel rods. The partial length fuel rods (corresponding to the third fuel rods; hereinafter referred to as “type 25 and 26 fuel rods”) and BP-containing fuel rods (hereinafter referred to as “type G3 fuel rods”). Both types of fuel rods have a round tube shape with a circular cross section.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9B, the type 21 to 24 fuel rods and the type G3 fuel rod are provided with low enrichment uranium blankets at the lower end 1 node (node 1) and the upper end 1 node (node 24). In the type 25 and 26 fuel rods, which are partial-length fuel rods, a low enriched uranium blanket is provided at one node (node 1) at the lower end.

  Among these, the concentration of nuclear fuel material of the type 21, 23, 24 fuel rods is uniform or substantially uniform in the axial direction, and is “J”, “L”, and “M”, respectively. The fuel rod corresponds to the first fuel rod. On the other hand, the type 22 fuel rod in the present embodiment is divided into two in the axial direction with the upper end (between the nodes 16 and 17) of the effective fuel length of the type 25 fuel rod being a partial length fuel rod as a boundary. In the type 22 fuel rod, the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material on the lower side in the axial direction and the upper side in the axial direction is “J” and “K”, respectively. Thus, the type 22 fuel rod of this embodiment also corresponds to the “enrichment split fuel rod”.

  Further, the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in the type 25 and 26 fuel rods which are partial length fuel rods is “J”. Further, the concentration of the nuclear fuel material in the type G3 fuel rod, which is a fuel rod containing BP, is also “J”, and its gadolinia concentration is “γ”. This type G3 fuel rod also corresponds to the first fuel rod in that the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material is uniform or substantially uniform in the axial direction. In addition, the magnitude relationship of the enrichment of those nuclear fuel materials is “J”> “K”> “L”> “M”.

  Also in the fuel assembly 50 configured as described above, the type 22 fuel rods, which are enrichment-divided fuel rods, are disposed only at the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly 50 and the positions adjacent to the water rods W and W. It is not arranged at other coordinate positions. Therefore, even with such a configuration, it is possible to sufficiently secure the reactor shutdown margin and realize safety improvement at the time of dropping of the control rod, and to promote the spectrum shift operation and improve the fuel economy. . In addition, since all of the fuel rods adjacent to the water rods W, W are either type 26 fuel rods that are partial length fuel rods or type 22 fuel rods that are enrichment split fuel rods, The stop margin can be further improved.

  Further, in the fuel assembly 50, the total number of type 21, 23, 24 and type G3 fuel rods corresponding to the first fuel rod is 54, whereas the number of type 22 fuel rods is 24. ing. Thus, since the number of type 22 fuel rods is less than half (less than half) the number of first fuel rods, the neutron infinite multiplication factor and local peaking coefficient in the axial lower region during power operation It is possible to prevent the maximum line power density from becoming excessively large.

  In addition, as above-mentioned, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible in the limit which does not change the summary. For example, the number of lattices in the square lattice arrangement of the fuel assembly is not particularly limited as long as it is 10 × 10 or more, and may be, for example, 11 × 11, 12 × 12, or the like. Further, the arrangement of the water rod W is not limited to the illustrated arrangement, although the illustrated arrangement is desirable. Further, the fuel rod may include natural uranium, deteriorated uranium, recovered uranium (depleted uranium), MOX fuel, in addition to enriched uranium and / or re-enriched uranium. In addition, the action mechanism presumed as appropriate in the present invention and described above is not limited thereto.

  As described above, the BWR fuel assembly according to the present invention includes the first fuel rod, which is a standard fuel rod, the second fuel rod having a specific enrichment distribution of the nuclear fuel material, and the partial length fuel rod. By limiting the arrangement of the second fuel rods to the outermost periphery of the fuel assembly and / or the position adjacent to the water rods while limiting the number of the third fuel rods, It becomes possible to reduce the reactivity at a low temperature in the upper direction region and the local peaking coefficient in the same region. As a result, it is possible to contribute to improving the economic efficiency and further safety of the reactor loaded with the BWR fuel assembly. It can be used widely and effectively in such technical fields.

1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 14, 21, 23, 24: Standard fuel rod (first fuel rod)
2, 12, 13, 22: Enrichment split fuel rod (second fuel rod)
10, 20, 30, 40, 50: BWR fuel assembly (present invention)
100: Fuel assembly (conventional example)
200: Fuel assembly (reference example)
G1, G2, G3: Fuel rods containing BP (first fuel rod)
P1,6,7,15,25,26: Partial length fuel rod (third fuel rod)
S: Control rod W: Water rod Z: Node scales a to c, A to H, J to M: Concentration of nuclear fuel material α to γ: Gadolinia concentration

Claims (1)

A group of fuel rods in which fuel pellets containing nuclear fuel material are filled in a cladding tube are arranged in a square lattice array of 10 rows and 10 columns and water rods are provided in a region corresponding to a plurality of fuel rods in the square lattice array. A boiling water reactor fuel assembly comprising:
The fuel rod group includes a first fuel rod provided with a uranium blanket and having a uniform or substantially uniform enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in an axial direction of a portion excluding the uranium blanket, and the nuclear fuel at a lower portion in the axial direction. A second fuel rod having a material enrichment higher than the enrichment of the nuclear fuel material in the axial upper portion, and a third fuel rod having a fuel effective length shorter than the first fuel rod and the second fuel rod; Including
The second fuel rod and the third fuel rod are disposed only at the outermost peripheral position of the boiling water nuclear reactor fuel assembly and the position adjacent to the water rod,
All of the fuel rods arranged at positions adjacent to the water rod are the second fuel rod and the third fuel rod,
The number of the second fuel rods is less than half of the number of the first fuel rods;
Fuel assembly for boiling water reactors.

Images