JP6257295B2 - LED lighting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an LED lighting device using a light emitting element, for example, a light emitting diode (hereinafter referred to as an LED (Light Emitting Diode)) element as a light source, and in particular, an LED provided with a shade base material for reflecting light in the LED lighting device. The present invention relates to a lighting device.

  In recent years, LED lamps using LED elements excellent in power saving as light sources have been actively used due to increasing environmental awareness. In recent years, considering the energy saving function (hereinafter abbreviated as “energy saving”) and economic efficiency, the existing lighting device is used as it is by using the wiring of the existing lighting device and the opening of the mounted portion at the installation location as it is. There is an increasing demand for replacement with LED lighting devices. However, when the LED lighting device is replaced with an LED lighting device having the same capacity as that of the conventional lighting device, the LED lighting device is reduced in size because of the large lighting capability. Therefore, in order to correspond to the conventional opening, an LED lighting device that can be installed in the conventional opening by using a shade base material for light reflection has been developed.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, one end portion is expanded and a reflection space is partitioned inside, a reflection surface is provided on the reflection space side, and a light source is provided facing the reflection space at the other end portion. There is disclosed a housing for an illuminating device including an attachable shade base material and a reflective layer that is integrally laminated on the shade base material by multicolor molding and reflects light from a light source.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the holding portion for fixing the mounting spring has a pair of opposed vertical guides, and each guide has a locking portion, and the mounting spring is arranged along the guide on one end side. It has an insertion part that is held movably, and a locked part that is formed on both sides of the insertion part and engages with the locking part of the guide, and has a wall surface pressing part on the other end side. There is disclosed an embedded luminaire in which the insertion spring is held by the holding portion, and the locked portions on both sides are engaged with the locking portion, whereby the mounting spring is fixed to the holding portion.

  However, in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, the shape of the shade base and the holding portion is created in accordance with the size of the exit of each light source. For this reason, it is difficult to make the shade base material and the holding part common, and it is difficult to deal with various kinds of lighting devices.

  Moreover, in the said patent document 1, since a shade base material and a reflective layer are integrally laminated by multicolor molding, and the shade base material is comprised with resin, it is for the illuminating device in which the heat dissipation by a shade base material is inferior. It was a case.

Japanese Patent No. 5198165 JP 2011-198582 A

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to easily add various types of lighting devices to the shape of the opening of the shade base by adding an adapter according to the size of the exit of the light source. The present invention is to provide an LED lighting device that can be integrated with a material, can share a shade base material, can reduce glare because a glare angle can be deepened, and emits uniform light far.

As a first means for solving the above-described problems, the present invention provides a luminaire having a heat radiating member that includes a heat radiating portion and on which a light source is placed , and one end portion of the luminaire is widened and a space inside. RyuHajime but has wall on the space side is partitioned and formed, have a bevel annular opening facing the space at the other end, a cylindrical fixing the radiator unit to the other end An adapter connected to the heat sink member and the shade base material and fitted to the shade opening of the shade base material , the heat radiation portion comprising a cylindrical recess-shaped heat radiation recess and the heat radiation recess An annular heat dissipating peripheral portion provided at the periphery, the adapter is a ring shape having an adapter opening, and the outer diameter of the adapter is formed smaller than the diameter of the cap opening of the cap base, a plurality of types of different sizes according to the diameter of the opening of said adapter opening Serial in which the heat radiating periphery of the annular of the heat radiating portion of the luminaire to provide a LED lighting device, characterized in that attached to the shade opening of the shade base material.

  The present invention provides, as a second means for solving the above-mentioned problems, an LED lighting device characterized in that, in the first solution means, the adapter can be configured by combining a plurality of adapters. Is.

  As a third means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides the first or second solving means, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the wall surface when cut by the cutting surface including the central axis in the shade base material is: The LED lighting device is characterized by being formed in at least one round shape.

  The present invention provides, as a fourth means for solving the above-mentioned problems, in the third solving means, the cross-sectional shape of the wall surface when cut by a cutting plane including the central axis is directed inward on the light source side. Provided is an LED lighting device characterized in that it is formed in a rounded shape that protrudes outward on the side of the expansion formation in the projected rounded shape.

  As a fifth means for solving the above-described problems, the present invention provides the third solving means, wherein a cross-sectional shape including a central axis of the wall surface is a round shape protruding inward on the light source side. The cross-sectional shape including the central axis of the wall surface is a round shape projecting inward on the light source side, and a round shape projecting outward on the spread forming side. An LED illumination device characterized by being formed into a shape is provided.

  The present invention provides, as a sixth means for solving the above-mentioned problems, an LED illumination device characterized in that, in the first to third solving means, the wall surface is formed of a reflecting surface. Is.

  According to the present invention, as a seventh means for solving the above problems, in the first to third solving means, each of the heat radiating portion and the shade base material has a heat radiating fin on the outer surface. An illumination device is provided.

  According to the present invention, as described above, since the opening can be adjusted by the adapter, it is possible to cope with various kinds of lighting devices with one shade base material, and the adapter further includes a plurality of adapters. There are practical benefits that can be combined.

  Moreover, according to the present invention, as described above, the cross-sectional shape of the wall surface when cut by the cut surface including the central axis of the shade base material is formed in one or more round shapes, and the light source side faces inward. The projected rounded shape is formed in the rounded shape with the expansion forming side projecting outward, and the wall surface is formed of a reflective surface, so the emitted light is reflected and uniform with reduced glare There is a real advantage that light can be emitted.

  Moreover, according to the present invention, as described above, the cross-sectional shape of the wall surface when cut by the cut surface including the central axis of the shade base material is formed in one or more round shapes, and the light source side faces inward. The protruding round shape is formed in a straight line shape on the expansion side, and the wall surface is formed of a reflecting surface, so that the emitted light is reflected and uniform light with reduced glare can be emitted. There are real benefits that can be made.

  In addition, according to the present invention, as described above, since the heat dissipating part and the shade base have the heat dissipating fins, the LED element can dissipate heat, and the LED element can emit light efficiently.

It is a perspective view of the LED lighting apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the LED lighting apparatus of this invention. It is a ceiling surface attachment sectional view of the LED lighting apparatus of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the LED lighting apparatus of this invention. It is a perspective view of the downlight lighting fixture used for this invention. It is sectional drawing of the downlight lighting fixture used for this invention. It is a perspective view of the heat radiating member used for this invention. It is sectional drawing of the heat radiating member used for this invention. It is a perspective view of the LED board used for this invention. It is a top view of the LED board used for this invention. It is a perspective view of the lens part used for this invention. It is sectional drawing of the lens part used for this invention. It is a perspective view of the shade base material part used for this invention. It is sectional drawing of the shade base material part used for this invention. It is a perspective view of the shade base material used for this invention. It is sectional drawing of the shade base material used for this invention. It is sectional drawing of the shade base material used for the modification of this invention. It is a perspective view of the adapter used for this invention.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
As an example of an LED lighting device, a case where a shade base material is attached using a downlight lighting fixture as a light source will be described.

(1. LED lighting device)
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the LED lighting device 100 includes a downlight lighting fixture 1 and a shade base 51 having a reflective surface.
The downlight luminaire 1 serving as a light source includes an LED substrate 3 on which an LED element 31 is mounted, a heat radiating member 2 that radiates heat from the LED substrate 3, and a lens 4 that adjusts the direction of emitted light. .

  As shown in FIG. 16, the shade base material 51 of the LED lighting device 100 has one end face expanded and formed with a reflective space 51 a inside, and a reflective surface 51 b on the reflective space 51 a side. The downlight luminaire 1 is attached to the other end facing the reflection space 51a. The shade base material 51 is attached to the downlight luminaire 1 to form the LED lighting device 100, which is fixed to the attached portion such as the ceiling surface 7, supplied with power from a separate power supply device, and receives light from the LED element 31. Is emitted.

(2. Downlight lighting equipment)
As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, in the downlight lighting device 1, the LED substrate 3 on which the LED elements 31 are mounted is closely fixed to the heat radiating member 2 including the heat radiating fins 21 and the heat radiating portions 22 through the insulating sheet 35. The lens 4 is fixed so as to cover the LED substrate 3. In the downlight lighting device 1, power is supplied from a separate power supply device through a cord stopper 23 provided at the outer peripheral end of the heat radiating member 2, and light is emitted from the LED element 31. Since the LED substrate 3 is in close contact with the heat radiating member 2 in the downlight luminaire 1, heat radiation can be efficiently performed, and the LED element 31 can emit light efficiently.

(2-1 Heat dissipation member)
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the heat radiating member 2 is made with high accuracy by aluminum die casting. In the heat radiating member 2, the heat radiating fins 21 constituting the heat sink and the heat radiating portion 22 that is in close contact with the LED substrate 3 are integrated. In order to efficiently dissipate the LED element 31 mounted on the LED substrate 3 at the center of the lower surface of the heat dissipating unit 22, the heat dissipating concavity 22a having a substantially cylindrical recess shape and the lens 4 to be fitted to the peripheral edge of the lower surface A heat radiating peripheral edge 22b is provided. A heat dissipation substrate fixing hole 22c for fixing the LED substrate 3 to the heat dissipation recess 22a and a heat dissipation cap fixing hole 22e for fixing the heat dissipation member 2 and the cap base material 51 are provided. Further, the heat dissipating peripheral portion 22 b is provided with a heat dissipating lens fixing hole 22 d for fixing the lens 4 and a heat dissipating lens fitting portion 22 g for positioning the lens 4. Furthermore, a substantially convex heat dissipation cord groove 22f is provided from the outer periphery of the heat dissipation peripheral edge portion 22b toward the heat dissipation recess 22a.

(2-2 LED board)
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the LED substrate 3 is made of a glass composite substrate (CEH-3) wired on one side of a substantially disk shape, and the LED element 31 is mounted on one side. On the outer periphery of the LED board 3, there are a wiring groove 32 for passing a cord connected to the LED board 3 and supplying electricity to the LED element 31, and an alignment pin 43 for fitting the lens 4 to the heat radiating peripheral portion 22b. A substrate positioning groove 34 into which is inserted is provided. The LED substrate 3 is provided with a substrate fixing hole 33 for fixing the LED substrate 3 to the heat radiation recess 22a of the heat radiation member 2 via an insulating sheet 35 such as silicon shown in FIG.
Furthermore, the light extraction efficiency can be further improved by pasting a highly reflective sheet on the LED element mounting surface side of the LED element 31 or applying a highly reflective resin.

  Note that various known LEDs can be used as the LED element 31 mounted on the LED substrate 3. In this embodiment, a high-luminance type LED element that emits white light for illumination is used. It is good also as an LED illuminating device which mounts the high luminance type LED element which light-emits daylight color, or mounts both LED elements and can color-tune.

(2-3 Lens)
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the lens 4 has a substantially disk shape and is made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin such as polycarbonate (PC). The configuration of the lens 4 is such that a collimating portion 41 positioned in accordance with the position of the LED element 31 and a diffusing portion 42 are integrally formed in a double structure on the entire surface, and the heat radiating peripheral edge of the heat radiating member 2 on the outer peripheral portion. An alignment pin 43 for fitting with the portion 22b, a positioning recess 45, and a lens fixing groove 44 for fixing are provided. Further, a cord pressing portion 46 for fixing the cord stopper 23 inserted into the heat radiation cord groove 22f of the heat radiation member 2 is also provided.

  The lens 4 is configured by combining a collimating lens and a diffusion plate so that the LED illumination device emits light uniformly and far. The collimating lens has a function of optically adjusting the light to reach a parallel state so that the light can reach far. The diffusion plate has a function of emitting light uniformly in order to emit light uniformly. By combining the functions of the collimating lens and the diffusing plate, an LED illumination device that emits light uniformly and far is configured.

(2.-4 assembly)
As shown in FIGS. 4 to 12, the downlight lighting apparatus 1 is assembled by attaching the LED board 3 to the heat radiating recess 22a of the heat radiating member 2 via the insulating sheet 35, and the board fixing hole 33 and the heat radiating board fixing hole 22c by screws. Is fixed. Next, the lens 4 is fitted with the positioning pin 43 and the substrate positioning groove 34 of the LED board 3 and the positioning recess 45 and the heat radiating lens fitting portion 22g, respectively, and the lens fixing groove 44 and the heat radiating lens fixed with screws. The hole 22d is fixed. A cord for supplying electricity to the LED substrate 3 is sandwiched between cord stops 23 and inserted into the heat radiation cord groove 22 f of the heat radiation portion 22. Thereafter, when the lens 4 is fixed to the heat radiating portion 22, the lens 4 is fixed by a cord pressing portion 46 provided on the outer periphery of the lens 4. Thus, the downlight lighting fixture 1 is assembled.

(3. Shade base material)
As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the shade base material portion 5 is composed of a shade base material 51 that is expanded to one side, and a fixing spring for securing the shade base material portion 5 to the opening 71 of the ceiling surface 7. 53 and an adapter 6 for attaching the downlight luminaire 1 to the shade base material 51.

(3-1 Shade base material)
As shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, the shade base 51 has one end portion that is widened to form a widened portion, and the inside is a reflective surface 51 b for reflecting the emitted light, and the light is reflected. It is a space 51a. The downlight luminaire 1 is attached to and attached to the shade opening 51j of the shade base 51 so as to face the reflective space 51a at the other end, and a reflective layer that reflects light is inside the shade base 51. Is provided. The shade base material 51 is made by aluminum die-cast molding that can be made with high precision, and the reflective surface 51b is vapor-deposited with white paint or aluminum so that light is easily reflected and heat dissipation is good. .

  As shown in FIG. 16, the reflective surface 51 b of the shade base 51 has a cross-sectional shape when it is cut by a cut surface including the central axis, and is formed in one or more round shapes in the light emission direction. Is a cap-shaped inner radius 51c that diffuses light as a round shape that projects the light source side of the shade base 51 toward the inside, and a round shape that projects the expanded formation side of the shade base 51 toward the outside. As shown in FIG. 5, the outer side radius 51d that collects light is combined to form a shape. Thereby, the emitted light is reflected by the reflecting surface 51b of the shade base 51, and uniform light with reduced glare can be emitted.

  Moreover, as another shape, as shown in FIG. 17, the cross-sectional shape when the reflective surface 51b of the shade base material 51 cut | disconnects by the cut surface containing a central axis is one or more round shape in a light-projection direction. More specifically, a shade inner radius 51c that diffuses light as a round shape that protrudes inward toward the light source side of the shade base 51, and an expansion formation side of the shade base 51 It is formed in the shape which combined the shade straight line 51e which reflected light as a linear shape. Thereby, the emitted light is reflected by the reflecting surface 51b of the shade base 51, and uniform light with reduced glare can be emitted.

Further, a flange portion 51g for attaching to the ceiling surface 7, a locking portion 52 for attaching the fixing spring 53, and a shade heat radiation fin 51f for improving the heat radiation efficiency of the shade base material 51 are provided on the outer periphery on the expansion forming side. Is provided. As shown in FIG. 16, the shade base heat radiation fin 51f is formed integrally with the shade base material 51 on the side opposite to the reflective space 51a of the shade base material 51, and the outer peripheral side of the shade base heat radiation fin 51f is chamfered. Is formed. Accordingly, when the LED lighting device is attached to the attachment surface such as the ceiling surface 7, the structure can be smoothly inserted into the attachment surface, and the installation on the attachment surface can be facilitated.
Furthermore, the shade fixing part 51h for fixing the adapter 6 for fixing the downlight lighting fixture 1 or the downlight lighting fixture 1 extends to the central portion in the shade opening 51j of the shade base 51. The shade inner mounting groove 51k is provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, the substantially U-shaped locking portion 52 is provided along the flange portion 51 g on the outer periphery of the spreading base side of the shade base material 51. As shown in FIG. 13, there are two locking holes 52a for fixing the fixing spring 53 and two convex locking walls 52b for positioning the fixing spring 53 at both ends, as shown in FIG. Is provided.

(3-2 Fixed spring)
The fixing spring 53 of the shade base 5 is made by punching, pressing, bending, or the like using a metal material such as stainless steel (SUS). As shown in FIG. 13 in particular, the fixing spring 53 is formed by processing a substantially rectangular metal piece into a substantially V-shape with one short side, and a spring fixing hole 53a for fixing to the shade base 51 at the end on the short side. In addition, a spring mounting hole 53b for fixing a power supply cable or the like supplied from the outside through the ceiling surface 7 or the like is formed at the end on the long side.

(3-3 Adapter)
The adapter 6 has a substantially ring shape and is accurately produced by aluminum die casting. As shown in FIG. 18 in particular, the adapter 6 has a step-shaped adapter outer mounting groove 62 to be fitted to the shade base 51 on the outside, and an adapter outer attachment hole 63 to be secured to the shade fixing portion 51 h of the shade base 51. Is formed. Further, a step-shaped adapter inner mounting groove 64 to be fitted to the heat radiating peripheral edge 22b of the heat radiating portion 22 of the downlight lighting fixture 1 and an adapter inner mounting hole 65 to be fixed to the heat radiating shade fixing hole 22e of the heat radiating portion 22 are provided. Is formed. The adapter 6 is configured to be fitted from the inside of the shade base 51 and fixed to the shade base 51, and further, the downlight lighting device 1 is fitted to the adapter opening 61.

  In addition, the adapter 6 can be configured by combining and integrating a plurality of adapters of different sizes, and the adapter outer mounting groove 62 is fitted into the adapter inner mounting groove 64 so that the adapter inner mounting hole 65 is fitted. And the adapter outer mounting hole 63 are integrated by fixing them with screws, so that an adapter of another size can be formed. Therefore, the adapter 6 can freely fix the shade opening 51j of the shade base 51 and the heat radiating member 2 of the downlight luminaire 1.

(3-4 Assembly)
As shown in FIG. 13, the assembling of the shade base portion 5 is performed by fixing a fixing spring 53 to the locking portion 52 of the shade base material 51 and fixing the spring fixing hole 53a and the locking hole 52a with screws. The adapter 6 is inserted from the inside of the shade base 51, and the shade fixing portion 51h and the adapter outer mounting hole 63 are fixed with screws.
Moreover, adapting to the downlight illuminator 1 of various sizes of the light exit opening by preparing a plurality of adapters 6 with different sizes so that a plurality of adapters can be combined and combining the plurality of adapters. You can also.

(4. Assembly)
The LED lighting device 100 is configured by combining the downlight lighting device 1 and the shade base material portion 5. The downlight luminaire 1 is inserted from the inside of the shade base portion 5, and the adapter inner mounting hole 65 and the heat radiation shade fixing hole 22e are fixed with screws.

  The LED lighting device 100 is installed on the ceiling surface 7 by providing a ceiling opening 71 on the ceiling surface 7, connecting the power supply device to the commercial electric wire, and connecting the cable from the power supply device to the cable of the LED lighting device 100. . The cable of the LED lighting device 100 is fixed by a bundle band or the like using the spring mounting hole 53b of the fixing spring 53. Thereafter, the fixing spring 53 is pressed by hand into the ceiling opening 71 provided in the attached portion of the ceiling surface 7 to be equal to or smaller than the size of the ceiling opening 71 and pushed into the ceiling opening 71, particularly in FIG. As shown, it is fixed to the ceiling surface 7 by a fixing spring 53. Thereby, the LED lighting device 100 can reduce glare because the glare angle can be deepened by retracting the light source by configuring the downlight lighting fixture 1 and the shade base material portion 5 in combination.

As described above, in this embodiment, the shade base material that matches the opening of the attached portion is selected, and the adapter is adapted to the shape of the attachment portion of the housing or the instrument body according to the size of the light source exit. Is added to form a housing for an LED lighting fixture and an LED lighting device including the same.
Therefore, it is possible to deal with various kinds of lighting fixtures, and to provide a casing of an LED lighting device that emits uniform light far and reduces glare because the glare angle can be deepened, and an LED lighting device including the same it can.

(5. Modifications)
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not restricted to these embodiment, Even if there is a design change of the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention, it is included in this invention. That is, various changes and modifications that can be naturally made by those skilled in the art are also included in the present invention.

For example, the case where the LED lighting device 100 is configured by combining the shade base material portion 5 with the downlight lighting fixture 1 has been described. Can also be applied, and can be widely used in LED lighting devices.
Further, the shape of the adapter 6 can be configured so that the adapter itself can change the diameter of the opening, and the adapter 6 can be adapted to the opening of the attached portion by a single adapter.

  The present invention can be widely applied to LED lighting fixtures such as downlights installed along the ceiling surfaces of showrooms and halls, as well as conference rooms and office rooms.

1: Downlight luminaire 2: Heat radiation member 21: Heat radiation fin 22: Heat radiation portion 22a: Heat radiation recess 22b: Heat radiation peripheral edge portion 22c: Heat radiation board fixing hole 22d: Heat radiation lens fixing hole 22e: Heat radiation shade fixing hole 22f: Heat radiation cord groove 22g: heat radiation lens fitting part 23: cord stopper 3: LED substrate 31: LED element 32: wiring groove 33: substrate fixing hole 34: substrate positioning groove 35: insulating sheet 4: lens 41: collimating part 42: diffusion part 43: Positioning pin 44: Lens fixing groove 45: Positioning recess 46: Cord pressing part 5: Shade base part 51: Shade base part 51a: Reflecting space 51b: Reflecting surface 51c: Shade inner radius 51d: Shade outer radius 51e: Shade straight line 51f: Shade radiating fin 51g: Flange 51h: Shade fixing part 51j: Shade opening 51k: Shade inner mounting groove 52: Locking part 52a: Locking hole 52b: Locking wall 53: Fixed spring 53a: Spring fixing hole 53b: Spring mounting hole 6: Adapter 61: Adapter opening 62: Adapter outer mounting groove 63: Adapter outer mounting hole 64: Adapter inner mounting groove 65: Adapter inner mounting hole 7: Ceiling surface 71: Ceiling opening 100: LED lighting device

Claims (7)

A luminaire (1) having a heat dissipating member (2) with a heat dissipating part (22) on which a light source is placed ;
With one end is widened formed inner space is partitioned and formed having a wall surface on the space side, possess shade annular opening facing the space at the other end a (51j), wherein A cylindrical shade base (51) for fixing the heat dissipating part (22) on the other end side ;
An adapter (6) connected to the heat dissipation member (2) and the shade base (51) and fitted into the shade opening (51j) of the shade base (51) ,
The heat radiating portion (22) includes a cylindrical concave heat radiating recess (22a) and an annular heat radiating peripheral edge (22b) provided at the periphery of the heat radiating concave portion (22a).
The adapter (6) has a ring shape having an adapter opening (61), and the outer diameter of the adapter (6) is smaller than the diameter of the shade opening (51j) of the shade base (51). And
Said adapter opening the annular heat dissipation periphery of the heat radiating portion (22) of a plurality of types having different sizes according to the diameter of the opening of the luminaire (1) (61) (22b) said RyuHajimezai (51) The LED lighting device is attached to the shade opening (51j) . The LED lighting device according to claim 1,
The said adapter (6) can be comprised combining a some adapter, The LED lighting apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. The LED lighting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
The LED lighting device according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the wall surface when the cap substrate (51) is cut by a cut surface including a central axis is formed in at least one round shape. The LED lighting device according to claim 3,
The cross-sectional shape of the wall surface when cut by a cut surface including the central axis is formed into a round shape projecting inward on the light source side and a round shape projecting outward on the expansion forming side. LED lighting device characterized by the above. The LED lighting device according to claim 3,
The LED is characterized in that a cross-sectional shape of a wall surface when cut by a cut surface including a central axis is formed in a round shape protruding inward on the light source side and in a linear shape on the expansion forming side. Lighting device. The LED lighting device according to claim 1, wherein:
The said wall surface is formed by the reflective surface (51b) , The LED lighting apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. The LED lighting device according to claim 1 to claim 3, wherein
Each of the said heat radiating part (22) and the said shade base material (51) has a heat radiating fin (21, 51f) on the outer surface, The LED lighting device characterized by the above-mentioned.