JP6178968B2 - 金属含有炭素材料及びそれを用いた酸素還元電極 - Google Patents
金属含有炭素材料及びそれを用いた酸素還元電極 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 110
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 110
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 50
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 40
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000000192 extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 102000004020 Oxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 102000043440 Sulfite oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ASARMUCNOOHMLO-WLORSUFZSA-L cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2s)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O ASARMUCNOOHMLO-WLORSUFZSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C4=N1 LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
1.金属−K殻の広域X線吸収微細構造(EXAFS)スペクトルをフーリエ変換することにより得られる動径構造関数において、前記金属を中心とした第二配位圏に規則性が認められ、Fe-N 4 構造を有し、且つ、比表面積が1500m2/g以上であることを特徴とする金属含有炭素材料。
2.前記第二配位圏は、動径構造関数において、前記金属からの距離が2.5〜3.2Åである、上記項1に記載の金属含有炭素材料。
3.細孔容積が2.5cm3/g以上である、上記項1又は2に記載の金属含有炭素材料。
4.鉄原子(Fe)の周囲に4つの窒素原子(N)が平面状に配位したFe-N4構造を有する鉄タンパク質を原料とすることにより得られる、上記項1〜3のいずれかに記載の金属含有炭素材料。
5.上記項1〜4のいずれかに記載の金属含有炭素材料を含有する酸素還元電極。
6.固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用である、上記項5に記載の酸素還元電極。
7.上記項6に記載の酸素還元電極を備えた固体高分子型燃料電池。
8.Fe-N 4 構造を有する鉄タンパク質を、不活性雰囲気又は還元性雰囲気下において二段階に分けて熱処理を行い、その後、賦活用ガスを含有させた雰囲気下で賦活処理を行う金属含有炭素材料の製造方法であって、
(1)前記一段階目の熱処理の温度を150〜500℃とし、
(2)前記二段階目の熱処理の温度を600〜1200℃とし、
(3)前記賦活処理は、前記賦活用ガスとしてアンモニアを含有し、700〜1100℃で5〜20分間行う、ことを特徴とする製造方法。
本発明の金属含有炭素材料は、金属−K殻の広域X線吸収微細構造(EXAFS)スペクトルをフーリエ変換することにより得られる動径構造関数において、前記金属を中心とした第二配位圏に規則性が認められることを特徴とする。
(i)アルゴン、窒素等の不活性ガスからなる不活性雰囲気、
(ii)水素等の還元性ガスからなる還元性雰囲気、
(iii)窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガス中に、水蒸気、二酸化炭素等の賦活用ガスを加えた雰囲気、
(iv)上記(iii)以外の雰囲気であって、有機天然物を燃焼させない程度まで酸素量を制限した雰囲気、
(v)一般の蒸し焼き時の雰囲気。
一段階目の熱処理の温度を150〜500℃とし;且つ
二段階目の熱処理の温度を600〜1200℃とすることが挙げられる。
本発明の金属含有炭素材料は、酸素還元電極の触媒材料として有用である。酸素還元電極の製造方法は特に限定されず、例えば、(1)本発明の金属含有炭素材料、(2)テトラフルオロエチレン等の公知のバインダー、等を混合した後、混合物を塗布或いは圧縮成形等して各種形状の酸素還元電極を製造できる。また、混合物に導電剤を添加する場合には、より電極活性を高めることができる。
本発明の金属含有炭素材料は、特に固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の酸素還元電極の触媒材料として有用である。本発明の金属含有炭素材料を用いた電極の形成方法は特に限定されず、常法に従って形成できる。
ヘモグロビンと酢酸マグネシウムとを重量比で1:3となるよう超純水中で均一に混合し、凍結乾燥して原料とした。ここで、酢酸マグネシウムは造孔剤であり、その形態は微粒子状である。この原料を一旦アルゴン雰囲気中400℃で10時間熱処理した後、粉砕し、更にアルゴン雰囲気中900℃で2時間熱処理した。この二段階の熱処理はいずれも炭化処理である。
Claims (8)
- 金属−K殻の広域X線吸収微細構造(EXAFS)スペクトルをフーリエ変換することにより得られる動径構造関数において、前記金属を中心とした第二配位圏に規則性が認められ、Fe-N 4 構造を有し、且つ、比表面積が1500m2/g以上であることを特徴とする金属含有炭素材料。
- 前記第二配位圏は、動径構造関数において、前記金属からの距離が2.5〜3.2Åである、請求項1に記載の金属含有炭素材料。
- 細孔容積が2.5cm3/g以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の金属含有炭素材料。
- 鉄原子(Fe)の周囲に4つの窒素原子(N)が平面状に配位したFe-N4構造を有する鉄タンパク質を原料とすることにより得られる、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の金属含有炭素材料。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の金属含有炭素材料を含有する酸素還元電極。
- 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用である、請求項5に記載の酸素還元電極。
- 請求項6に記載の酸素還元電極を備えた固体高分子型燃料電池。
- Fe-N 4 構造を有する鉄タンパク質を、不活性雰囲気又は還元性雰囲気下において二段階に分けて熱処理を行い、その後、賦活用ガスを含有させた雰囲気下で賦活処理を行う金属含有炭素材料の製造方法であって、
(1)前記一段階目の熱処理の温度を150〜500℃とし、
(2)前記二段階目の熱処理の温度を600〜1200℃とし、
(3)前記賦活処理は、前記賦活用ガスとしてアンモニアを含有し、700〜1100℃で5〜20分間行う、ことを特徴とする製造方法。
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