JP6146578B2 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6146578B2 JP6146578B2 JP2013551800A JP2013551800A JP6146578B2 JP 6146578 B2 JP6146578 B2 JP 6146578B2 JP 2013551800 A JP2013551800 A JP 2013551800A JP 2013551800 A JP2013551800 A JP 2013551800A JP 6146578 B2 JP6146578 B2 JP 6146578B2
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940032159 propylene carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- JREWFSHZWRKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O JREWFSHZWRKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N trans-4-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-chalcone Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)=O KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCN KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
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- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
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- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
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- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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Description
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
P、P´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[P−1]〜[P−10]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基であり、この2価の光二量化を起こす基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
L、L´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[L−1]〜[L−11]から選ばれる1価の光重合性基を表す。)
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
Pは下記式[P−1]〜[P−3]及び[P−5]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合性化合物、液晶を配向させ得る液晶配向膜を形成する重合体および溶媒を含有する。なお、液晶配向剤とは液晶配向膜を作成するための溶液であり、液晶配向膜とは液晶を所定の方向、例えば垂直方向に配向させるための膜である。以下、本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される各成分について詳細に説明する。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される特定重合性化合物は、下記式[1]で表される。
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
P、P´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[P−1]〜[P−10]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基を表す。この2価の光二量化を起こす基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
L、L´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[L−1]〜[L−11]から選ばれる1価の光重合性基を表す。)
本発明の式[1]で表される特定重合性化合物を合成する方法は特に限定されないが、次にあげる方法で合成する方法などが挙げられる。
例えば、L´−S2´−P´−S1´−C−S1−P−S2−Lの構造中に、アミド結合(−CONH−)又は逆アミド結合(−HNCO−)をもつ場合には、Cもしくは、S1、S1´、もしくは、P、P´、もしくは、S2、S2´、もしくは、L、L´の末端に酸クロリド基(−COCl)が結合しているものと、Cもしくは、S1、S1´、もしくは、P、P´、もしくは、S2、S2´、もしくは、L、L´の末端にアミノ基(−NH2)が結合しているものとを、アルカリ存在下で反応させる方法が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤が含有する液晶を配向させ得る液晶配向膜を形成する重合体は、基板上に形成された液晶配向膜上の液晶を配向させることができるものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、ポリイミド前駆体や該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させて得られるポリイミドが挙げられる。ポリイミド前駆体としては、ポリアミック酸(ポリアミド酸とも言う)もしくはポリアミック酸エステルが挙げられる。このようなポリイミド前駆体は、ジアミン成分(例えば、後述する液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を有するジアミンや、光反応性の側鎖を有するジアミン等のジアミン)とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分(例えば、後述するテトラカルボン酸二無水物、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドやテトラカルボン酸ジエステル等)との反応によって得られる。具体的には、ポリアミック酸は、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応によって得られる。ポリアミック酸エステルは、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドを塩基存在下で反応させる、またはテトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミン成分を適当な縮合剤、塩基の存在下にて反応させることによって得られる。また、ポリイミドはこのポリアミック酸を脱水閉環させる、あるいはポリアミック酸エステルを加熱閉環させることにより得られる。かかるポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル及びポリイミドのいずれも液晶配向膜を得るための重合体として有用である。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンから得られるポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンから合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することにより合成することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤が含有する溶媒に特に限定はなく、特定重合性化合物や、液晶を配向させ得る液晶配向膜を形成する重合体等の含有成分を溶解または分散できるものであればよい。例えば、上記のポリアミック酸の合成で例示したような有機溶媒を挙げることができる。中でもN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、γ−ブチロラクトン、N−エチル−2−ピロリドン、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、3−メトキシ−N,N−ジメチルプロパンアミドは、溶解性の観点から好ましい。勿論、2種類以上の混合溶媒を用いてもよい。
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン−2,4,6,8−テトラカルボン酸二無水物
CBDA:1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
3AMPDA:下記式で表される3,5−ジアミノ−N−(ピリジン−3−イルメチル)ベンズアミド
BEM−S:下記式で表される2−(メタクリロイロキシ)エチル3,5−ジアミノベンゾエート
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
DMF:N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド
EtOH: エタノール
RM1:下記式で表される重合性化合物
重合性化合物の1HNMRの測定条件は、以下の通りである。
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT−NMR)INOVA−400(Varian製)400MHz
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO−d6)、重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)
標準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)
装置:センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC−7200)、
カラム:Shodex社製カラム(KD−803、KD−805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム−水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o−リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
イミド化率(%)=(1−α・x/y)×100
(実施例1)RM1の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz,[D6]−DMSO):δ7.66−7.69 (d,4H), 7.60−7.64 (d,2H),7.08−7.10 (d,4H), 6.96−6.98 (d,4H), 6.80−6.83 (s,4H), 6.49−6.53 (d,2H), 6.04 (s,2H),5.07 (s,2H), 4.36−4.40 (m,8H), 4.07−4.09 (m,4H), 3.98−4.00 (m,4H), 1.85−1.88 (m,14H), 1.57 (s,6H)
1H NMR (400 MHz,[D6]−DMSO):δ7.66−7.69 (d,4H)、7.64−7.62(d,4H)、7.48(d,2H)、7.11−7.08(d,4H)、6.96−6.94(d,4H)、6.48(d,2H)、6.11(s,2H)、5.55(s,2H)、4.36−4.40 (m,8H)、4.07−4.09 (m,4H), 3.98−4.00 (m,4H),1.96(s,6H)、1.85−1.88 (m,8H)
(実施例3)
BODA(8.01g、32.0mmol)、3AMPDA(5.81g、24.0mmol)、PCH(10.66g、28.0mmol)、BEM−S(7.40g、28mmol)をNMP(123.4g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させたのち、CBDA(9.26g、47.2mmol)とNMP(41.1g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(204g)にNMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(20.3g)、およびピリジン(62.8g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(2700ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(A)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は60%であり、数平均分子量は16000、重量平均分子量は39000であった。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して実施例2で得られた重合性化合物RM5を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A6)を調製した。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して重合性化合物RM2を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A3)を調製した。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して重合性化合物RM3を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A4)を調製した。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して重合性化合物RM4を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A5)を調製した。
(実施例5)
実施例3で得られた液晶配向剤(A2)を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。実施例3で得られた液晶配向剤(A2)を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
まず、バックライト、クロスニコルの状態にした一組の偏光版、光量検出器の順で構成される測定装置において、一組の偏光版の間に液晶セルを配置した。このときライン/スペースが形成されているITO電極のパターンがクロスニコルに対して45°の角度になるようにした。そして、上記の液晶セルに電圧±4V、周波数1kHzの矩形波を印加し、光量検出器によって観測される輝度が飽和するまでの変化をオシロスコープにて取り込み、電圧を印加していない時の輝度を0%、±4Vの電圧を印加し、飽和した輝度の値を100%として、輝度が10%から90%まで変化するのにかかる時間を応答速度とした。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A6)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A3)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A4)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶セルの外側から313nmのバンドパスフィルターを通したUVを照射するかわりに、液晶セルの外側から365nmのバンドパスフィルターを通したUVを20J照射した以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。結果を表3に示す。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A6)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A5)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
Claims (8)
- 下記式[1]で表される重合性化合物と、液晶を垂直に配向させる液晶配向膜を形成する重合体と、溶媒とを含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
P、P´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[P−1]〜[P−10]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基であり、この2価の光二量化を起こす基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
L、L´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[L−1]〜[L−11]から選ばれる1価の光重合性基を表す。)
- L、L´が、式[L−1]、[L−2]及び[L−7]から選ばれる1価の基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- P、P´が、式[P−1]〜[P−3]及び[P−5]から選ばれる2価の基であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 請求項5に記載の液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載する液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し焼成して得られた液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、この液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射して液晶セルを作製することを特徴とする液晶表示素子の製造方法。
- 下記式[1]で表される重合性化合物を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し焼成して得られた液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、この液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射して液晶セルを作製することを特徴とする液晶表示素子の製造方法。
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
P、P´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[P−1]〜[P−10]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基であり、この2価の光二量化を起こす基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、−CH2−がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;−O−、−NHCO−、−CONH−、−COO−、−OCO−、−NH−、−CO−。
L、L´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[L−1]〜[L−11]から選ばれる1価の光重合性基を表す。)
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