JP6143761B2 - 水素生成触媒及び水素の製造法 - Google Patents
水素生成触媒及び水素の製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6143761B2 JP6143761B2 JP2014536695A JP2014536695A JP6143761B2 JP 6143761 B2 JP6143761 B2 JP 6143761B2 JP 2014536695 A JP2014536695 A JP 2014536695A JP 2014536695 A JP2014536695 A JP 2014536695A JP 6143761 B2 JP6143761 B2 JP 6143761B2
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- hydrogen
- catalyst
- ammonia
- active metal
- reaction
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 109
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 108
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 106
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 208
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- -1 hydrogen anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 10
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009789 rate limiting process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTZYCRSRNSTRGC-LNTINUHCSA-K (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O RTZYCRSRNSTRGC-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JUPWRUDTZGBNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Co].CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O JUPWRUDTZGBNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AQBLLJNPHDIAPN-LNTINUHCSA-K iron(3+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O AQBLLJNPHDIAPN-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004435 EPR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VUBLMKVEIPBYME-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;osmium Chemical group [Os].[Os].[Os].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] VUBLMKVEIPBYME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].[Ru].[Ru].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BKFAZDGHFACXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II) bis(acetylacetonate) Chemical compound [Co+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O BKFAZDGHFACXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCEOGYWNOSBEPV-FDGPNNRMSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FCEOGYWNOSBEPV-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- WIWBLJMBLGWSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(ii) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WIWBLJMBLGWSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- OIWNHEPSSHYXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-L ruthenium(2+);triphenylphosphane;dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ru]Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OIWNHEPSSHYXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FZHCFNGSGGGXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenocene Chemical compound [Ru+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 FZHCFNGSGGGXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Description
アンモニア合成用触媒を、アンモニア分解反応に使用することが考えられるが、下記二つの理由より、アンモニア合成とは基本的に異なるため、アンモニア分解用触媒の開発が必要とされている。一つ目に、アンモニア合成反応は平衡の関係で、300℃〜500℃、30MPaといった、低温、高圧条件が好ましいのに対し、逆反応のアンモニア分解反応は、低圧、高温反応条件が好ましい。二つ目に、アンモニア合成では、窒素分子の活性化が反応の律速過程であるが、分解反応では、アンモニア分解で生じた触媒表面上の窒素吸着種の脱離が律速段階であるとされている。
以下、マイエナイト型化合物の代表組成であるC12A7について具体的に説明するが、本発明は、C12A7に限らず、CaをSrに置換した12SrO・7Al2O3等のC12A7と結晶構造が同型のマイエナイト型化合物の全てに適用できる。本発明の触媒の製造方法の出発材料に用いるC12A7からなる基材は、粉末の他、多孔体、固体焼結体、薄膜、固体単結晶等の成型体でもよく、成型体の形状はいずれでもよい。また、他の物質からなる担体に担持されているC12A7を基材として用いてもよい。基材は、触媒活性金属粒子の担体として機能する。
伝導電子を含んだC12A7の粉末を作製する場合、化学当量組成のC12A7の原料の粉末を還元雰囲気下で加熱すればよい。伝導電子を含んだC12A7の多孔体、固体焼結体は、化学当量組成のC12A7の原料粉末を成形後にCaやCaH2等と還元雰囲気下で加熱すればよい。薄膜、固体単結晶以外の基材は伝導電子を含まないC12A7基材の製造を経由することなく、原料から直接伝導電子を含んだC12A7基材を製造できる。水素陰イオンを含むC12A7基材も、同様に、水素気流下やCa等と還元雰囲気下で加熱すれば、粉末、多孔体、固体焼結体を合成できる。
本発明のアンモニア分解においては、長周期族周期表の8族、9族又は10族から選ばれる遷移金属元素を触媒活性金属として使用することができるが、Fe、Ru、Osから選ばれる8族、Co、Rh、Irから選ばれる9族、Ni、Pd、Ptから選ばれる10族元素を単独又は組み合わせて使用することが特に好ましい。
アンモニア分解は、前記の担持金属触媒を反応器に充填して触媒層として用い、反応温度350〜800℃で原料のアンモニアガスを連続的に供給して触媒層に接触させ、水素と窒素を生成する下記の式1で示される反応である。
2NH3→3H2+N2 (式1)
NH3転化率: a(%)=100PNH3 (PNH3−P'NH3)/(PNH3+P'NH3)
Ca(OH)2(守随彦太郎商店、23.1g)及びAl(OH)3(株式会社高純度化学研究所、28.4g)の各粉末をCaとAlのモル比が12:14となるように混合し、水449mlを加えた後、オートクレーブ中にて150℃で5時間かけて水熱処理した。得られた粉末を、ろ過後、水500mlで洗浄した後、150℃で乾燥後、酸素気流中800℃で2時間焼成し、粉砕し、比表面積40m2g-1、粒子径0.1mm〜0.5mmの伝導電子及び水素陰イオンを含まない酸素イオンを含むC12A7(以下、C12A7:Oと表記)粉末を調製した。
上記方法で調製したC12A7:O粉末を、シリカガラス管内に挿入し1×10-4Paの真空中、800℃で15時間真空加熱し前処理した。得られた粉末2.5gを、シリカガラス管内に金属Ca粉末0.1gとともに挿入し、700℃で15時間加熱することにより伝導電子濃度が1.5×1021cm-3のC12A7:e-(C12A7:eと表記)の粉末を得た。調製後の粉末の比表面積は14m2g-1(粒子径0.2mm〜1mm)と小さくなった。
上記方法で調製したC12A7:O粉末を、シリカガラス管内に挿入し1×10-4Paの真空中、750℃で15時間真空加熱し前処理した。得られた粉末1.5gを、シリカガラス管内に金属Ca粉末45mgとともに挿入し、700℃で15時間加熱することにより水素陰イオン濃度が2.5×1020cm-3のC12A7:H-(C12A7:Hと表記)の粉末を得た。水素陰イオンが内包されていることは、1H NMRとヨードメトリーから確かめた。調製後の粉末の比表面積は16m2g-1(粒子径0.2〜1mm)と小さくなった。
得られたC12A7:eの粉末1gをシリカガラス管内にRu3(CO)12 43mgとともに挿入し、400℃で2時間加熱してRu3(CO)12を還元することによりC12A7:eの粉末の表面にRu粒子を化学蒸着により付着した。これによりRu金属として2重量%を担持したエレクトライド粉末からなる担持金属触媒(2wt%Ru/C12A7:e)を得た。比表面積は全自動BET表面積測定装置で測定した。粒子径はCO分散度測定結果から判断した。水素還元後の、Ruメタルの粒子径は15nmであり、CO吸着によりもとめた分散度は8.6%であった。
上記の方法で得られたRu担持触媒60〜100mgを石英製反応管に詰めて触媒層を形成し、図1に示すアンモニア分解装置を使用し、アンモニア分解反応を実施した。分解反応前に、Ru担持触媒を水素気流中、400〜450℃に昇温した石英製反応管内で2時間還元処理を実施しRuを活性化した。続いて、石英製反応管内の温度を350〜700℃とし、常圧で、アンモニア体積分率100%のアンモニアガスを触媒層に5〜100ml・min-1で流通させた。表1に反応結果を示した。350℃、440℃、700℃におけるNH3の転化率はそれぞれ51.9%、79.8%、99.8%であり、NH3分解速度はそれぞれ、1.11、8.2、82.3(kgNH3kgcat -1h-1)であった。このとき重量空間速度はそれぞれ、3000、15000、120000mlg-1h-1である。
C12A7:e粉末の代わりにCaO粉末(株式会社高純度化学研究所、粒子径5mm〜10mm)を用いる以外は実施例1に示す方法で、2wt%Ru/CaO粉末を調製し、アンモニア分解活性を調べた。
水素還元後の、Ruメタルの粒子径は4nmであり、CO吸着によりもとめた分散度は40%であった。結果を表1に示した。440℃におけるNH3の転化率は42.1%であり、NH3分解速度は、4.3(kgNH3kgcat -1h-1)であった。
C12A7:e粉末の代わりにγ-Al2O3粉末(株式会社高純度化学研究所、粒子径0.1mm〜0.5mm)を用いる以外は実施例1に示す方法で、6wt%Ru/γ-Al2O3粉末を調製し、アンモニア分解活性を調べた。水素還元後の、Ruメタルの粒子径は11nmであり、CO吸着により求めた分散度は13%であった。結果を表1に示した。440℃におけるNH3の転化率は31.9%であり、NH3分解速度は、3.3(kgNH3kgcat -1h-1)であった。
h-1)であった。
Claims (8)
- 1015cm-3以上の伝導電子又は水素陰イオンを内包するマイエナイト型化合物を担体
とし、その担体表面に触媒活性金属粒子が担持されていることを特徴とする水素生成触媒
。 - 1015cm-3以上の伝導電子又は水素陰イオンを内包させる前の酸素イオンを内包する
マイエナイト型化合物を担体とし、その担体表面に触媒活性金属粒子が担持されているこ
とを特徴とする水素生成触媒。 - 前記触媒活性金属が、8族、9族及び10族金属元素から選ばれる少なくとも1種であ
ることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の水素生成触媒。 - 前記担体は、マイエナイト型化合物粉末又は成型体であり、かつ触媒活性金属粒子量が
0.01〜30wt%、BET比表面積が1〜100m2g-1であることを特徴とする請
求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の水素生成触媒。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の水素生成触媒の製造方法であって、
前記担体に触媒活性金属の化合物を含浸法、物理的混合法、熱分解法、液相法、又は蒸着
法により担持させた後、還元雰囲気中で加熱して該触媒活性金属の化合物を還元して前記
担体表面に触媒活性金属粒子を担持させるか、スパッタリングにより直接担持させる工程
からなることを特徴とする水素生成触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載の含浸法は、担体に用いるマイエナイト型化合物粉末又は成型体を触媒
活性金属の化合物の溶媒溶液に分散する工程、該溶媒溶液の溶媒を蒸発させて乾固した該
触媒活性金属の化合物からなる触媒前駆体を形成する工程からなることを特徴とする水素
生成触媒の製造方法。 - マイエナイト型化合物粉末は、水熱法により合成されたものであることを特徴とする請
求項6に記載の水素生成触媒の製造方法。 - アンモニア分解による水素の製造方法であって、
請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の水素生成触媒を反応器に充填し、体積分率0.1〜
100%のアンモニアガスを連続的に供給し、0.01MPa〜1.0MPaの反応圧力
及び300〜800℃の反応温度下、重量空間速度(WHSV)500/mlg-1h-1以
上で接触分解反応させることを特徴とする水素の製造方法。
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