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JP6117551B2 - Pressure regulator and fuel cell system - Google Patents

Pressure regulator and fuel cell system Download PDF

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JP6117551B2
JP6117551B2 JP2012285856A JP2012285856A JP6117551B2 JP 6117551 B2 JP6117551 B2 JP 6117551B2 JP 2012285856 A JP2012285856 A JP 2012285856A JP 2012285856 A JP2012285856 A JP 2012285856A JP 6117551 B2 JP6117551 B2 JP 6117551B2
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pressure
valve
pressure regulating
fuel cell
fluid fuel
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JP2014126198A (en
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篠原　幹弥
幹弥 篠原
森山　明信
明信 森山
野道　薫
薫 野道
鈴木　豊
豊 鈴木
二宮　誠
誠 二宮
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
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Priority to PCT/JP2013/084582 priority patent/WO2014104057A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/04—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power
    • G05D16/10—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a piston or plunger
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G05D16/2022—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means actuated by a proportional solenoid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G05D16/2026—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means with a plurality of throttling means
    • G05D16/2033—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means with a plurality of throttling means the plurality of throttling means being arranged in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

本発明は調圧装置及び燃料電池システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a pressure regulator and a fuel cell system.

従来の調圧装置として、燃料電池スタックに供給するアノードガスの圧力を複数の減圧弁を用いて段階的に減圧するものがある（特許文献１参照）。   As a conventional pressure adjusting device, there is one that gradually reduces the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack using a plurality of pressure reducing valves (see Patent Document 1).

特開２００６−１５６３２０号公報JP 2006-156320 A

このような調圧装置を用いてアノードガスを供給する場合は、減圧弁の故障時に調圧装置の下流に配置される燃料電池スタック等の部品に、その部品の耐圧以上の圧力が加わることを防止する保護手段（圧力リリーフ機構）が必要となる。   When the anode gas is supplied using such a pressure regulator, it is necessary to apply a pressure higher than the pressure resistance of the component to a component such as a fuel cell stack disposed downstream of the pressure regulator when the pressure reducing valve fails. A protective means (pressure relief mechanism) to prevent is necessary.

しかしながら、例えば保護手段として圧力リリーフ弁を用いると、燃料電池システムの場合は供給するアノードガスに流量が多いので、圧力リリーフ弁の大型化を招き、車載向けの燃料電池システムには不向きとなる。   However, for example, when a pressure relief valve is used as a protection means, in the case of a fuel cell system, the anode gas to be supplied has a large flow rate, which increases the size of the pressure relief valve and is not suitable for a fuel cell system for in-vehicle use.

また、例えば保護手段として破裂板を用いた場合は、圧力リリーフ弁と異なり構造も簡素なため、小型化は容易だが、一度作動してしまうと破裂板の備品交換が必要になるという問題がある。   In addition, for example, when a rupture disk is used as a protective means, the structure is simple and unlike the pressure relief valve, it is easy to reduce the size, but once activated, the rupture disk must be replaced. .

本発明はこのような問題点に着目してなされたものであり、減圧弁が故障したとしても、調圧装置下流の部品に耐圧以上の圧力が加わるのを抑制できる調圧装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and provides a pressure regulating device capable of suppressing the application of pressure higher than the pressure resistance to components downstream of the pressure regulating device even if the pressure reducing valve fails. With the goal.

本発明のある態様によれば、高圧容器に格納された流体燃料を減圧して流体燃料利用機器に供給する調圧装置であって、流体燃料を任意の圧力に減圧する調圧弁と、調圧弁の上流に設けられて、調圧弁の異常状態が検知されると調圧弁への流体燃料の供給を遮断する遮断弁と、を備えるものが提供される。そして、この調圧装置の遮断弁と調圧弁との間の流路容積は、遮断弁を閉じて調圧弁への流体燃料の供給を遮断する遮断指令が出てから遮断弁が閉じられるまでに要する時間の間に流体燃料利用機器に供給される流体燃料の量に基づいて設定される。 According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pressure regulating device that depressurizes fluid fuel stored in a high-pressure vessel and supplies the fluid fuel to a device using fluid fuel, the pressure regulating valve depressurizing the fluid fuel to an arbitrary pressure, and a pressure regulating valve And a shut-off valve that shuts off the supply of fluid fuel to the pressure regulating valve when an abnormal state of the pressure regulating valve is detected . The volume of the flow path between the shutoff valve and the pressure regulating valve of this pressure regulating device is from when the shutoff valve is closed to shut off the supply of fluid fuel to the pressure regulating valve until the shutoff valve is closed. It is set based on the amount of fluid fuel supplied to the fluid fuel utilization device during the time required.

調圧弁が故障により開きっぱなしになったときに、この異常状態を検知して調圧装置下流の部品保護のために遮断弁への閉弁指令を行っても、指令してから実際に遮断弁が遮断されるまでには時間遅れが存在する。この時間遅れをゼロにすることは不可能であるため、この時間遅れ分は遮断弁が遮断されず、調圧装置下流の部品に対し圧力上昇を許容してしまう。このときの圧力上昇は、遮断弁と調圧弁とを接続する配管で構成される容積に依存することが発明者らによって知見された。   When the pressure regulating valve is left open due to a failure, this abnormal state is detected, and even if a valve closing command is given to the shut-off valve to protect the components downstream of the pressure regulating device, it will actually shut off after commanding it. There is a time delay before the valve is shut off. Since it is impossible to make this time delay zero, the shut-off valve is not shut off for this time delay, and pressure rise is allowed for the components downstream of the pressure regulator. It has been found by the inventors that the pressure increase at this time depends on the volume constituted by the pipe connecting the shut-off valve and the pressure regulating valve.

そこで、本発明のある態様によれば、この容積を遮断弁への遮断指令から実際に遮断されるまでの時間を考慮して設定したので、調圧装置下流の部品に対して不用意に圧力が上昇し、部品の耐圧以上の圧力が加わることを抑制できる。   Therefore, according to an aspect of the present invention, since the volume is set in consideration of the time from the shutoff command to the shutoff valve until the actual shutoff, the pressure is inadvertently applied to the components downstream of the pressure regulator. Rises, and it is possible to suppress the application of a pressure higher than the pressure resistance of the component.

本発明の第１実施形態による燃料電池システムの概略図である1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 遮断弁と調圧弁との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖの設定方法について説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the setting method of the volume V of the anode gas flow path between a cutoff valve and a pressure regulation valve. 本発明の第２実施形態による燃料電池システムの概略図である。It is the schematic of the fuel cell system by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 減圧弁の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a pressure reducing valve. 遮断弁の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a cutoff valve. 調圧弁の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a pressure regulation valve. 調圧装置の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a pressure regulating device.

以下、図面等を参照して本発明の各実施形態について説明する。   Hereinafter, each embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

（第１実施形態）
燃料電池は電解質膜をアノード電極（燃料極）とカソード電極（酸化剤極）とによって挟み、アノード電極に水素を含有するアノードガス（燃料ガス）、カソード電極に酸素を含有するカソードガス（酸化剤ガス）を供給することによって発電する。アノード電極及びカソード電極の両電極において進行する電極反応は以下の通りである。 (First embodiment)
In a fuel cell, an electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode), an anode gas containing hydrogen in the anode electrode (fuel gas), and a cathode gas containing oxygen in the cathode electrode (oxidant) Electricity is generated by supplying gas. The electrode reaction that proceeds in both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode is as follows.

アノード電極 ： ２Ｈ2 →４Ｈ+ ＋４ｅ- …(１)
カソード電極 ： ４Ｈ+ ＋４ｅ- ＋Ｏ2 →２Ｈ2Ｏ …(２) Anode electrode: 2H 2 → 4H + + 4e − (1)
Cathode electrode: 4H + + 4e − + O 2 → 2H 2 O (2)

この（１）（２）の電極反応によって燃料電池は１ボルト程度の起電力を生じる。   The fuel cell generates an electromotive force of about 1 volt by the electrode reactions (1) and (2).

燃料電池を自動車用動力源として使用する場合には、要求される電力が大きいため、数百枚の燃料電池を積層した燃料電池スタックとして使用する。そして、燃料電池スタックにアノードガス及びカソードガスを供給する燃料電池システムを構成して、車両駆動用の電力を取り出す。   When a fuel cell is used as a power source for automobiles, a large amount of electric power is required. Therefore, the fuel cell is used as a fuel cell stack in which several hundred fuel cells are stacked. Then, a fuel cell system that supplies anode gas and cathode gas to the fuel cell stack is configured, and electric power for driving the vehicle is taken out.

図１は、本発明の第１実施形態による燃料電池システム１００の概略図である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

燃料電池システム１００は、燃料電池スタック１と、アノードガス供給装置２と、コントローラ１０と、を備える。   The fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell stack 1, an anode gas supply device 2, and a controller 10.

燃料電池スタック１は、数百枚の燃料電池を積層したものであり、アノードガス及びカソードガスの供給を受けて、車両の駆動に必要な電力を発電する。燃料電池スタック１は、燃料電池スタック内部の圧力が過大となったときに開いて圧力を外部に逃がす圧力リリーフ機構１１を備える。   The fuel cell stack 1 is formed by stacking several hundred fuel cells, and receives the supply of anode gas and cathode gas to generate electric power necessary for driving the vehicle. The fuel cell stack 1 includes a pressure relief mechanism 11 that opens when the pressure inside the fuel cell stack becomes excessive and releases the pressure to the outside.

なお、燃料電池スタック１にカソードガスを供給するカソードガス給排装置及び燃料電池スタック１を冷却する冷却装置については、本発明の主要部ではないので、理解を容易にするために図示を省略した。本実施形態ではカソードガスとして空気を使用している。   Note that the cathode gas supply / exhaust device for supplying the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and the cooling device for cooling the fuel cell stack 1 are not the main part of the present invention, and are not shown for the sake of easy understanding. . In this embodiment, air is used as the cathode gas.

アノードガス供給装置２は、燃料電池スタック１にアノードガスを供給する装置であって、高圧タンク３と、アノードガス供給通路４と、調圧装置５と、圧力センサ６と、を備える。   The anode gas supply device 2 is a device that supplies anode gas to the fuel cell stack 1, and includes a high-pressure tank 3, an anode gas supply passage 4, a pressure regulator 5, and a pressure sensor 6.

高圧タンク３は、燃料電池スタック１に供給するアノードガスを高圧状態に保って貯蔵する。高圧タンク３の排出口には、アノードガスを供給するときに開かれ、停止するときに閉じられる開閉弁３１が設けられる。   The high pressure tank 3 stores the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 while maintaining the high pressure state. The discharge port of the high-pressure tank 3 is provided with an on-off valve 31 that is opened when the anode gas is supplied and closed when the anode gas is stopped.

アノードガス供給通路４は、高圧タンク３から排出されるアノードガスを燃料電池スタック１に供給するための通路である。アノードガス供給通路４は、一端が高圧タンク３に接続され、他端が燃料電池スタック１のアノードガス入口孔に接続される。   The anode gas supply passage 4 is a passage for supplying the anode gas discharged from the high-pressure tank 3 to the fuel cell stack 1. The anode gas supply passage 4 has one end connected to the high-pressure tank 3 and the other end connected to the anode gas inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.

調圧装置５は、遮断弁８と、調圧弁９と、を備える。   The pressure regulating device 5 includes a cutoff valve 8 and a pressure regulating valve 9.

遮断弁８は、アノードガス供給通路４を開閉するパイロット式の電磁弁である。   The shut-off valve 8 is a pilot type electromagnetic valve that opens and closes the anode gas supply passage 4.

調圧弁９は、流入してきたアノードガスを所望の圧力に調整して排出する電磁方式のものである。   The pressure regulating valve 9 is of an electromagnetic type that discharges the anode gas that has flowed in after adjusting to a desired pressure.

圧力センサ６は、調圧装置５よりも下流のアノードガス供給通路４の圧力を検出する。   The pressure sensor 6 detects the pressure in the anode gas supply passage 4 downstream from the pressure regulator 5.

コントローラ１０は、中央演算装置（ＣＰＵ）、読み出し専用メモリ（ＲＯＭ）、ランダムアクセスメモリ（ＲＡＭ）及び入出力インタフェース（Ｉ／Ｏインタフェース）を備えたマイクロコンピュータで構成される。コントローラ１０には、前述した圧力センサ６のほかにも、燃料電池スタック１の出力電流（負荷）を検出する電流センサ１２など、燃料電池システム１００の運転状態を検出する各種センサからの信号が入力される。   The controller 10 includes a microcomputer having a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface). In addition to the pressure sensor 6 described above, the controller 10 receives signals from various sensors that detect the operating state of the fuel cell system 100, such as a current sensor 12 that detects the output current (load) of the fuel cell stack 1. Is done.

コントローラ１０は、燃料電池システム１００の運転状態に応じてアノードガスの目標圧力を設定し、圧力センサ６の検出値が目標圧力となるように調圧弁９をフィードバック制御する。そして、圧力センサ６の検出値が異常な値を示したとき、例えば調圧弁９が故障して圧力センサ６の検出値が高くなりすぎたときに、遮断弁８を閉じる。   The controller 10 sets the target pressure of the anode gas according to the operating state of the fuel cell system 100, and feedback-controls the pressure regulating valve 9 so that the detection value of the pressure sensor 6 becomes the target pressure. When the detected value of the pressure sensor 6 shows an abnormal value, for example, when the pressure regulating valve 9 fails and the detected value of the pressure sensor 6 becomes too high, the shutoff valve 8 is closed.

ここで、調圧弁９の故障を検知してから実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでには、所定の時間遅れ（例えば数十ミリ秒）が生じる。そのため、実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでは、調圧前の高圧のアノードガス（本実施形態では高圧タンク内の圧力Ｐｆ相当のアノードガス）が、調圧弁９で減圧されることなく燃料電池スタックへと流入することになる。また、遮断弁８が閉じられた後も、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路内には調圧前の高圧のアノードガスが存在しているので、この遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路内のアノードガスも調圧弁９で減圧されることなく燃料電池スタックへと流入することになる。   Here, there is a predetermined time delay (for example, several tens of milliseconds) from when the malfunction of the pressure regulating valve 9 is detected until the shut-off valve 8 is actually closed. Therefore, until the shut-off valve 8 is actually closed, the high-pressure anode gas before pressure adjustment (in this embodiment, the anode gas corresponding to the pressure Pf in the high-pressure tank) is not reduced by the pressure-regulating valve 9 and the fuel cell. Will flow into the stack. Further, even after the shutoff valve 8 is closed, the high pressure anode gas before pressure regulation exists in the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulation valve 9. The anode gas in the anode gas flow channel between the pressure regulating valve 9 also flows into the fuel cell stack without being depressurized by the pressure regulating valve 9.

そうすると、瞬間的に燃料電池スタック内部のアノード側の圧力が目標圧力よりも大きくなるので、アノード側の圧力とカソード側の圧力との圧力差が大きくなって、各燃料電池の電解質膜等を劣化させるおそれがある。   Then, since the pressure on the anode side inside the fuel cell stack instantaneously becomes higher than the target pressure, the pressure difference between the pressure on the anode side and the pressure on the cathode side becomes large, and the electrolyte membrane of each fuel cell is deteriorated. There is a risk of causing.

そこで本実施形態では、調圧弁９が故障したときに実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでの時間遅れΔｔを考慮して、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを設定し、瞬間的な燃料電池スタック内部のアノード側の圧力の上昇幅を許容範囲内に収めることができるようにした。以下、この遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖの設定方法について説明する。   Therefore, in the present embodiment, the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is considered in consideration of the time delay Δt until the shutoff valve 8 is actually closed when the pressure regulating valve 9 fails. The momentary increase in pressure on the anode side inside the fuel cell stack can be kept within an allowable range. Hereinafter, a method for setting the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 will be described.

図２は、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖの設定方法について説明する図である。   FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method for setting the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shut-off valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9.

図２に示すように、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積をＶ、燃料電池スタック内部のアノード側の容積をＶａ、高圧タンク内のアノードガスの圧力をＰｆ、燃料電池スタック内部のアノード側の圧力の上昇幅の許容最大値をΔＰ、調圧弁９が故障したときに実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでの時間遅れをΔｔ、調圧弁９の上流圧がＰｆの状態で調圧弁９を全開にしたときに、単位時間当たりに調圧弁９を通過する流体の体積をＣｖと定義する。また、アノード系内（アノードガス流路内、燃料電池スタック内）の温度は一定とする。   As shown in FIG. 2, the volume of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is V, the volume of the anode side inside the fuel cell stack is Va, the pressure of the anode gas in the high pressure tank is Pf, ΔP is the maximum allowable pressure increase on the anode side inside the fuel cell stack, Δt is the time delay until the shut-off valve 8 is actually closed when the pressure regulating valve 9 fails, and the upstream pressure of the pressure regulating valve 9 is Pf When the pressure regulating valve 9 is fully opened in this state, the volume of fluid passing through the pressure regulating valve 9 per unit time is defined as Cv. The temperature in the anode system (in the anode gas flow path and in the fuel cell stack) is constant.

このとき、以下の（３）式が成立するように、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを設定する。   At this time, the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is set so that the following expression (3) is established.

Figure 0006117551
Figure 0006117551

ここで、（Ｃｖ×Δｔ×Ｐｆ）は、調圧弁９が故障してから実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでの間に、調圧弁９を通過して燃料電池スタック内に流入するアノードガス量に相当する。   Here, (Cv × Δt × Pf) is the amount of anode gas that passes through the pressure regulating valve 9 and flows into the fuel cell stack between the time when the pressure regulating valve 9 fails and the time when the cutoff valve 8 is actually closed. It corresponds to.

また、（Ｖ×Ｐｆ）は、実際に遮断弁８が閉じられた後に、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路内に存在するアノードガス量に相当する。遮断弁８が閉じられた後、この遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路内に存在するアノードガスも調圧弁９を通過して燃料電池スタック内に流入することになる。   Further, (V × Pf) corresponds to the amount of anode gas existing in the anode gas flow path between the cutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 after the cutoff valve 8 is actually closed. After the shut-off valve 8 is closed, the anode gas existing in the anode gas flow path between the shut-off valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 also passes through the pressure regulating valve 9 and flows into the fuel cell stack.

さらに、（Ｖａ×ΔＰ）は、燃料電池スタック内部のアノード側の圧力をΔＰだけ上昇させるために必要なアノードガス量に相当する。   Further, (Va × ΔP) corresponds to the amount of anode gas necessary for increasing the pressure on the anode side inside the fuel cell stack by ΔP.

したがって、前述した（３）式の意味は、遮断弁８が閉じられるまでに燃料電池スタック内に流入するアノードガス量と、遮断弁８を閉じてから燃料電池スタック内に流入する遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路内に存在するアノードガス量とが、燃料電池スタック内部のアノード側の圧力をΔＰだけ上昇させるために必要なアノードガス量よりも小さくなるように、容積Ｖを設定するという意味になる。   Therefore, the meaning of the above-described equation (3) means that the amount of anode gas that flows into the fuel cell stack before the shutoff valve 8 is closed, and the shutoff valve 8 that flows into the fuel cell stack after the shutoff valve 8 is closed. The volume of the anode gas that exists in the anode gas flow path between the pressure regulating valve 9 and the anode gas is smaller than the amount of anode gas necessary to increase the pressure on the anode side inside the fuel cell stack by ΔP. It means that V is set.

このように、実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでの時間遅れΔｔを考慮して、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを可能な限り小さく設定することで、遮断弁８の故障時における燃料電池スタック内部の圧力上昇幅を、許容最大値ΔＰ以内に抑えることができる。   Thus, in consideration of the time delay Δt until the shut-off valve 8 is actually closed, the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shut-off valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is set as small as possible. The amount of increase in pressure inside the fuel cell stack when the shut-off valve 8 fails can be suppressed within the allowable maximum value ΔP.

また、遮断弁８の故障時における燃料電池スタック内部の圧力上昇幅を許容最大値ΔＰ以内に抑えることができるので、圧力リリーフ機構１１が作動する頻度を低減することができる。そのため、圧力リリーフ機構１１としてリリーフ弁のような複雑な機構を用いることなく、例えば破裂板のような簡素な機構を用いることができるので、燃料電池スタック１の小型化を図ることができる。   Further, since the pressure increase width inside the fuel cell stack when the shut-off valve 8 fails can be suppressed within the allowable maximum value ΔP, the frequency with which the pressure relief mechanism 11 operates can be reduced. Therefore, since a simple mechanism such as a rupture disk can be used as the pressure relief mechanism 11 without using a complicated mechanism such as a relief valve, the fuel cell stack 1 can be reduced in size.

また、破裂板を用いた場合には、破裂板の作動頻度を低減することができるので、破裂板の交換頻度を低減できる。そのため、本実施形態による調圧装置５を用いることで、調圧装置５の下流に配置される部品を保護し、燃料電池システム１００の信頼性を向上させることができる。   In addition, when a rupturable plate is used, the frequency of operation of the rupturable plate can be reduced, so that the frequency of replacement of the rupturable plate can be reduced. Therefore, by using the pressure regulating device 5 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to protect components disposed downstream of the pressure regulating device 5 and improve the reliability of the fuel cell system 100.

（第２実施形態）
次に、本発明の第２実施形態について説明する。本発明の第２実施形態は、遮断弁８の上流にさらに減圧弁７を設けた点で第１実施形態と相違する。以下、その相違点を中心に説明する。なお、以下の各実施形態では上述した第１実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を用いて重複する説明を適宜省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that a pressure reducing valve 7 is further provided upstream of the shutoff valve 8. Hereinafter, the difference will be mainly described. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for portions that perform the same functions as those in the first embodiment described above, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.

図３は、本発明の第２実施形態による燃料電池システム１００の概略図である。   FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

本実施形態による燃料電池システム１００の調圧装置５は、遮断弁８の上流に、高圧タンク３から排出されたアノードガスの圧力Ｐｆを所定の中間圧力Ｐｍまで低下させる減圧弁７を備える。   The pressure regulator 5 of the fuel cell system 100 according to the present embodiment includes a pressure reducing valve 7 that reduces the pressure Pf of the anode gas discharged from the high pressure tank 3 to a predetermined intermediate pressure Pm upstream of the shutoff valve 8.

このように、遮断弁８の上流に減圧弁７を設けることで、実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでに調圧弁９を通過して燃料電池スタックに流入するアノードガスの圧力、及び、遮断弁８が閉じられた後に遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路内に残留しているアノードガスの圧力を、それぞれ高圧タンク内の圧力Ｐｆより低い中間圧力Ｐｍにすることができる。   Thus, by providing the pressure reducing valve 7 upstream of the shutoff valve 8, the pressure of the anode gas that passes through the pressure regulating valve 9 and flows into the fuel cell stack until the shutoff valve 8 is actually closed, and the shutoff valve The pressure of the anode gas remaining in the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 after the valve 8 is closed can be set to an intermediate pressure Pm lower than the pressure Pf in the high-pressure tank. .

そのため、本実施形態では、以下の（４）式が成立するように、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを設定することで、遮断弁８の故障時における燃料電池スタック内部の圧力上昇幅を、許容最大値ΔＰ以内に抑えることができる。なお、調圧弁９の上流圧が中間圧力Ｐｍの状態で調圧弁９を全開にしたときに、単位時間当たりに調圧弁９を通過する流体の体積をＣｖ’と定義する。   Therefore, in this embodiment, the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is set so that the following expression (4) is established, so that the shutoff valve 8 can be operated at the time of failure. The pressure increase width inside the fuel cell stack can be suppressed within the allowable maximum value ΔP. Note that the volume of fluid passing through the pressure regulating valve 9 per unit time when the pressure regulating valve 9 is fully opened while the upstream pressure of the pressure regulating valve 9 is the intermediate pressure Pm is defined as Cv ′.

Figure 0006117551
Figure 0006117551

これにより、調圧弁９の上流のアノードガスの圧力が中間圧力Ｐｍまで低下するので、実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでに調圧弁９を通過して燃料電池スタックに流入するアノードガス量を低減することができる。そのため、実際に遮断弁８が閉じられるまでの遅れ時間Δｔの許容幅を長く取れる。   As a result, the pressure of the anode gas upstream of the pressure regulating valve 9 is reduced to the intermediate pressure Pm, so that the amount of anode gas that passes through the pressure regulating valve 9 and flows into the fuel cell stack before the shutoff valve 8 is actually closed is reduced. can do. Therefore, it is possible to increase the allowable width of the delay time Δt until the shut-off valve 8 is actually closed.

また、調圧弁９の上流のアノードガスの圧力がＰｆから中間圧力Ｐｍまで低下するので、第１実施形態と比べて遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを大きくすることができる。よって、調圧装置５全体の設計の自由度を向上させることができる。   Further, since the pressure of the anode gas upstream of the pressure regulating valve 9 is reduced from Pf to the intermediate pressure Pm, the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is increased as compared with the first embodiment. can do. Therefore, the freedom degree of design of the pressure regulator 5 whole can be improved.

（第３実施形態）
次に、本発明の第３実施形態について説明する。本発明の第３実施形態は、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖの設定方法が第２実施形態と相違する。以下、その相違点を中心に説明する。 (Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The third embodiment of the present invention is different from the second embodiment in the method of setting the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9. Hereinafter, the difference will be mainly described.

本発明の第３実施形態による燃料電池システム１００は第２実施形態と同様であり、調圧装置５が、高圧タンク３から排出されたアノードガスの圧力Ｐｆを所定の中間圧力Ｐｍまで低下させる減圧弁７を遮断弁８の上流に備える。   The fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the pressure regulator 5 reduces the pressure Pf of the anode gas discharged from the high-pressure tank 3 to a predetermined intermediate pressure Pm. A valve 7 is provided upstream of the shut-off valve 8.

そして本実施形態では、前述した（３）式が成立するように、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを設定する。このように、遮断弁８の上流に減圧弁７を備えた調圧装置５において、前述した（３）式が成立するように容積Ｖを設定することで、調圧弁９とともに減圧弁７が故障してしまった場合、すなわち減圧弁７の下流の圧力が中間圧力Ｐｍよりも高くなってしまった場合であっても、燃料電池スタック内部の圧力上昇幅を許容最大値ΔＰ以内に抑えることができる。   In this embodiment, the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is set so that the above-described expression (3) is established. Thus, in the pressure regulating device 5 having the pressure reducing valve 7 upstream of the shut-off valve 8, the pressure reducing valve 7 together with the pressure regulating valve 9 breaks down by setting the volume V so that the above-described equation (3) is satisfied. In other words, even if the pressure downstream of the pressure reducing valve 7 is higher than the intermediate pressure Pm, the pressure increase width inside the fuel cell stack can be suppressed within the allowable maximum value ΔP. .

したがって本実施形態によれば、調圧弁９及び減圧弁７の双方が故障した場合であっても、調圧装置５の下流に配置される部品を保護することができるので、燃料電池システム１００の信頼性を向上させることができる。   Therefore, according to this embodiment, even if both the pressure regulating valve 9 and the pressure reducing valve 7 are out of order, the components arranged downstream of the pressure regulating device 5 can be protected. Reliability can be improved.

（実施例）
以下では、上記の各実施形態で説明した減圧弁７、遮断弁８及び調圧弁９の実施例について説明した後、それらを一体化した調圧装置５の実施例について説明する。 (Example)
Hereinafter, examples of the pressure reducing valve 7, the shutoff valve 8, and the pressure regulating valve 9 described in the above embodiments will be described, and then examples of the pressure regulating device 5 in which they are integrated will be described.

図４は、減圧弁７の断面図である。   FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure reducing valve 7.

図４に示すように、減圧弁７は、ハウジング７１と、カバー７２と、弁体支持部材７３と、弁座７４と、弁体７５と、スプリング７６と、軸受７７と、を備える。   As shown in FIG. 4, the pressure reducing valve 7 includes a housing 71, a cover 72, a valve body support member 73, a valve seat 74, a valve body 75, a spring 76, and a bearing 77.

ハウジング７１は、一端が開口した円筒状の部材である。ハウジング７１には、ハウジング内部を弁体軸方向（図中左右方向）に貫通してハウジング７１の他端面に開口する１次通路７１１と、ハウジング内部を弁体径方向（図中上下方向）に貫通してハウジング７１の側面に開口する２次通路７１２と、１次通路７１１及び２次通路７１２のそれぞれに連通する連通路７１３と、が形成される。   The housing 71 is a cylindrical member having one end opened. The housing 71 has a primary passage 711 that passes through the inside of the housing in the valve body axial direction (left and right in the figure) and opens to the other end surface of the housing 71, and the inside of the housing in the valve body radial direction (up and down in the figure) A secondary passage 712 that passes through and opens on the side surface of the housing 71 and a communication passage 713 that communicates with each of the primary passage 711 and the secondary passage 712 are formed.

カバー７２は、ハウジング一端側の開口を閉塞する蓋部材であって、ハウジング側壁７１ａの内周側に螺合され、ハウジング７１に固定される。このカバー７２の内側が、弁体７５やスプリング７６等を収容する収容部となる。   The cover 72 is a lid member that closes the opening on the one end side of the housing, and is screwed to the inner peripheral side of the housing side wall 71 a and fixed to the housing 71. The inside of the cover 72 serves as a housing portion that houses the valve body 75, the spring 76, and the like.

弁体支持部材７３は、両端が開口した円筒状の部材であって、略中央部に弁体径方向に突出するフランジ７３１を備える。弁体支持部材７３の一端側（図中左側）は、フランジ７３１の一端面がハウジング７１に当接するように連通路７１３に嵌合される。弁体支持部材７３の他端側は、収容部内に配置される。   The valve body support member 73 is a cylindrical member that is open at both ends, and includes a flange 731 that protrudes in the valve body radial direction at a substantially central portion. One end side (left side in the figure) of the valve body support member 73 is fitted into the communication path 713 so that one end surface of the flange 731 is in contact with the housing 71. The other end side of the valve body support member 73 is disposed in the accommodating portion.

弁座７４は、両端が開口した円筒状の部材であって、小径部７４１と大径部７４２とを備える。弁座７４の小径部７４１は、ハウジング７１の１次通路７１１に嵌合される。弁座７４の大径部７４２は、ハウジング７１の連通路７１３内に配置されると共に、その先端が弁体支持部材７３の一端面に形成された環状溝７３２に嵌合される。弁座７４の大径部７４２には、大径部７４２を弁体径方向に貫通する貫通孔７４３が形成される。小径部７４１と大径部７４２との内側の境界面には、その境界面から弁体軸方向に突出する円環状の突起（以下「円環突起」という。）７４４が形成される。   The valve seat 74 is a cylindrical member that is open at both ends, and includes a small diameter portion 741 and a large diameter portion 742. The small diameter portion 741 of the valve seat 74 is fitted into the primary passage 711 of the housing 71. The large-diameter portion 742 of the valve seat 74 is disposed in the communication path 713 of the housing 71, and the tip thereof is fitted into an annular groove 732 formed on one end surface of the valve body support member 73. A through hole 743 that penetrates the large diameter portion 742 in the valve body radial direction is formed in the large diameter portion 742 of the valve seat 74. An annular protrusion (hereinafter referred to as “annular protrusion”) 744 that protrudes from the boundary surface in the axial direction of the valve body is formed on the inner boundary surface between the small diameter portion 741 and the large diameter portion 742.

弁体７５は、両端が開口し、かつ、弁体軸方向に沿って段階的に径が変化する円筒状の弁体ボディ７５１と、弁体ボディ７５１の先端に嵌合する弁体シート７５２と、を備える。   The valve body 75 is open at both ends and has a cylindrical valve body body 751 whose diameter changes stepwise along the valve body axis direction, and a valve body sheet 752 fitted to the tip of the valve body body 751. .

弁体ボディ７５１は、弁体支持部材７３の内部に挿通され、弁体支持部材７３の側壁内周部に固定された軸受７７によって弁体軸方向に移動可能に支持される。弁体ボディ７５１は、カバー内側の収容部内に配置されたスプリング７６によって、開弁方向（図中右側）に押圧されている。弁体ボディ７５１の内部は、２次圧力が作用する圧力参照室７５３となっており、２次圧力がスプリング７６の付勢力よりも大きくなると、弁体ボディ７５１がスプリング７６の付勢力に抗して閉弁方向（図中左側）に移動する。   The valve body 751 is inserted into the valve body support member 73 and supported by a bearing 77 fixed to the inner peripheral portion of the side wall of the valve body support member 73 so as to be movable in the valve body axis direction. The valve body 751 is pressed in the valve opening direction (right side in the figure) by a spring 76 disposed in the housing inside the cover. The inside of the valve body 751 is a pressure reference chamber 753 in which secondary pressure acts. When the secondary pressure becomes larger than the biasing force of the spring 76, the valve body 751 resists the biasing force of the spring 76. Move in the valve closing direction (left side in the figure).

弁体シート７５２は、弁座７４の円環突起７４４と対向するように連通路７１３内に配置されており、弁体シート７５２と円環突起７４４との間にはオリフィス７８が形成されるようになっている。このオリフィス７８を介して、連通路７１３内が１次圧力室７１３ａと２次圧力室７１３ｂとに区画される。弁体シート７５２の内部には、２次圧力室７１３ｂに流入したアノードガスを、弁体ボディ７５１の圧力参照室７５３に導入するための導入孔７５４が形成される。圧力参照室７５３内の圧力、すなわち２次圧力がスプリング７６の付勢力よりも大きくなると、弁体ボディ７５１と共に弁体シート７５２が閉弁方向に移動し、弁体シート７５２が円環突起７４４に当接してオリフィス７８が閉じられる。   The valve body sheet 752 is disposed in the communication passage 713 so as to face the annular protrusion 744 of the valve seat 74, and an orifice 78 is formed between the valve body sheet 752 and the annular protrusion 744. It has become. Via the orifice 78, the communication passage 713 is partitioned into a primary pressure chamber 713a and a secondary pressure chamber 713b. An introduction hole 754 for introducing the anode gas flowing into the secondary pressure chamber 713b into the pressure reference chamber 753 of the valve body 751 is formed inside the valve body seat 752. When the pressure in the pressure reference chamber 753, that is, the secondary pressure becomes larger than the urging force of the spring 76, the valve body sheet 752 moves together with the valve body 751 in the valve closing direction, and the valve body sheet 752 moves to the annular protrusion 744. The orifice 78 is closed by contact.

図５は、遮断弁８の断面図である。   FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the shutoff valve 8.

図５に示すように、遮断弁８は、ハウジング８１と、接合部材８２と、弁体８３と、弁体８３を駆動するソレノイド８４と、を備える。   As shown in FIG. 5, the shutoff valve 8 includes a housing 81, a joining member 82, a valve body 83, and a solenoid 84 that drives the valve body 83.

ハウジング８１は、一端が開口した円筒状の部材である。ハウジング８１には、ハウジング内部を弁体径方向（図中上下方向）に貫通してハウジング８１の側面に開口する１次通路８１１と、ハウジング内部を弁体軸方向（図中左右方向）に貫通してハウジング８１の他端面に開口する２次通路８１２と、１次通路８１１及び２次通路８１２のそれぞれに連通する連通路８１３と、が形成される。   The housing 81 is a cylindrical member having one end opened. The housing 81 passes through the inside of the housing in the valve body radial direction (vertical direction in the figure) and opens to the side surface of the housing 81, and penetrates the inside of the housing in the valve body axial direction (left and right direction in the figure). Thus, a secondary passage 812 that opens to the other end surface of the housing 81 and a communication passage 813 that communicates with each of the primary passage 811 and the secondary passage 812 are formed.

接合部材８２は、両端が開口した円筒状の部材であって、略中央に弁体径方向に突出するフランジ８２１を備える。接合部材８２は、その一端側（図中左側）がハウジング８１の側壁内周部に螺合されてハウジング８１に固定されると共に、その他端側（図中右側）がソレノイド８４の内部に嵌合されて固定される。これにより、接合部材８２のフランジ８２１を介してハウジング８１及びソレノイド８４が対向するように配置される。   The joining member 82 is a cylindrical member that is open at both ends, and includes a flange 821 that projects substantially in the center in the valve body radial direction. One end side (left side in the figure) of the joining member 82 is screwed to the inner peripheral portion of the side wall of the housing 81 and fixed to the housing 81, and the other end side (right side in the figure) is fitted inside the solenoid 84. To be fixed. Accordingly, the housing 81 and the solenoid 84 are arranged to face each other via the flange 821 of the joining member 82.

弁体８３は、パイロット弁体８３１と、パイロットピン８３３によってパイロット弁体８３１に所定の遊びをもたせて連結される主弁体８３２と、を備え、ソレノイド８４を励磁することで駆動される。   The valve body 83 includes a pilot valve body 831 and a main valve body 832 connected to the pilot valve body 831 with a predetermined play by a pilot pin 833, and is driven by exciting the solenoid 84.

主弁体８３２は、両端が開口した円筒状の部材であって、ハウジング８１の連通路８１３内に配置される。図中左側の主弁体８３２の一端面には、その一端面から図中左側に弁体軸方向に沿って突出する円環状の突起（以下「第１円環突起」という。）８３４が形成される。   The main valve body 832 is a cylindrical member that is open at both ends, and is disposed in the communication path 813 of the housing 81. An annular protrusion (hereinafter referred to as “first annular protrusion”) 834 is formed on one end surface of the main valve body 832 on the left side in the drawing, and protrudes along the valve body axis direction from the one end surface to the left side in the drawing. Is done.

主弁体８３２の他端側（図中右側）の内部は、パイロット弁体８３１の一部を収容するためのパイロット弁体収容室８３５となっている。パイロット弁体収容室８３５は、主弁体８３２の内部通路８３６を介して２次通路８１２と連通している。また、パイロット弁体収容室８３５は、パイロット弁体８３１と主弁体８３２との隙間８３７、及び、主弁体８３２と接合部材８２との隙間８３８を介して１次通路８１１と連通している。主弁体８３２の内部通路８３６とパイロット弁体収容室８３５との境界面には、その境界面から図中右側に弁体軸方向に沿って突出する円環状の突起（以下「第２円環突起」という。）８３９が形成される。   The inside of the other end side (right side in the figure) of the main valve body 832 is a pilot valve body accommodation chamber 835 for accommodating a part of the pilot valve body 831. The pilot valve body accommodating chamber 835 communicates with the secondary passage 812 via the internal passage 836 of the main valve body 832. The pilot valve body accommodating chamber 835 communicates with the primary passage 811 through a gap 837 between the pilot valve body 831 and the main valve body 832 and a gap 838 between the main valve body 832 and the joining member 82. . On the boundary surface between the internal passage 836 of the main valve body 832 and the pilot valve body storage chamber 835, an annular protrusion (hereinafter referred to as “second annular ring”) protrudes along the valve body axial direction from the boundary surface to the right side in the drawing. 839 "is formed.

パイロット弁体８３１は、弁体軸方向に移動可能なように接合部材８２の内部に収容され、その一端側（図中左側）が主弁体８３２のパイロット弁体収容室８３５に配置される。このパイロット弁体収容室８３５内において、パイロット弁体８３１の一端側と、主弁体８３２の他端側とが、パイロットピン８３３によって弁体軸方向に所定の遊びをもたせて連結される。   The pilot valve body 831 is accommodated in the joining member 82 so as to be movable in the valve body axis direction, and one end side (left side in the figure) is disposed in the pilot valve body accommodating chamber 835 of the main valve body 832. In the pilot valve body accommodating chamber 835, one end side of the pilot valve body 831 and the other end side of the main valve body 832 are connected by a pilot pin 833 with a predetermined play in the axial direction of the valve body.

また、パイロット弁体８３１は、一端側（図中左側）から他端側（図中右側）に向かって段階的に径が大きくなるように形成された円筒形状をしており、他端側の内部には、スプリング８５が収容される。パイロット弁体８３１は、このスプリング８５によって閉弁方向（図中左側）に押圧されており、ソレノイド８４が励磁されていないときは、パイロット弁体８３１の先端が主弁体８３２の第２円環突起８３９に当接した閉弁状態となる。また、パイロットピン８３３を介してパイロット弁体８３１に連結された主弁体８３２も、第１円環突起８３４が連通路８１３内に配置された弁座８６に当接した閉弁状態となる。   The pilot valve body 831 has a cylindrical shape formed so that its diameter gradually increases from one end side (left side in the figure) to the other end side (right side in the figure). A spring 85 is accommodated inside. The pilot valve body 831 is pressed in the valve closing direction (left side in the figure) by the spring 85, and when the solenoid 84 is not excited, the tip of the pilot valve body 831 is the second annular ring of the main valve body 832. The valve is in contact with the protrusion 839. In addition, the main valve body 832 connected to the pilot valve body 831 via the pilot pin 833 is also in a valve-closed state in which the first annular protrusion 834 is in contact with the valve seat 86 disposed in the communication path 813.

一方で、ソレノイド８４が励磁されると、パイロット弁体８３１がスプリング８５の付勢力に抗して開弁方向（図中右側）に移動する。これにより、まずパイロット弁体８３１の先端が第２円環突起８３９から離れ、１次通路８１１から連通路８１３内に供給されたアノードガスが、主弁体８３２と接合部材８２との隙間８３８、パイロット弁体８３１と主弁体８３２との隙間８３７、及び、パイロット弁体８３１と第２円環突起８３９との間に形成されるオリフィス８７を介して、主弁体８３２の内部通路８３６から２次通路８１２へと供給される。これにより、２次通路８１２内の圧力が上昇するので、主弁体８３２の先端面に作用する圧力が増加する。   On the other hand, when the solenoid 84 is excited, the pilot valve body 831 moves in the valve opening direction (right side in the figure) against the urging force of the spring 85. Thereby, first, the tip of the pilot valve body 831 is separated from the second annular protrusion 839, and the anode gas supplied from the primary passage 811 into the communication passage 813 causes the gap 838 between the main valve body 832 and the joining member 82, 2 from the internal passage 836 of the main valve body 832 through the gap 837 between the pilot valve body 831 and the main valve body 832 and the orifice 87 formed between the pilot valve body 831 and the second annular projection 839. It is supplied to the next passage 812. As a result, the pressure in the secondary passage 812 increases, so that the pressure acting on the front end surface of the main valve body 832 increases.

そして、パイロット弁体８３１が所定量開弁方向に移動して、パイロットピン８３３と主弁体８３２との間に存在する遊びが終了すると、主弁体８３２がパイロット弁体８３１と共に開弁方向に移動し、主弁体８３２の第１円環突起８３４が弁座８６から離れる。これにより、１次通路８１１から連通路８１３内に供給されたアノードガスが、主弁体８３２の第１円環突起８３４と弁座８６との間に形成されるオリフィス８８を介して２次通路８１２に供給される。このとき、前述したように主弁体８３２の先端面に作用する圧力が増加しているので、主弁体８３２を開弁方向に移動させることができる。   When the pilot valve body 831 moves in the valve opening direction by a predetermined amount and the play existing between the pilot pin 833 and the main valve body 832 ends, the main valve body 832 moves in the valve opening direction together with the pilot valve body 831. The first annular protrusion 834 of the main valve body 832 moves away from the valve seat 86. As a result, the anode gas supplied from the primary passage 811 into the communication passage 813 passes through the orifice 88 formed between the first annular protrusion 834 of the main valve body 832 and the valve seat 86, and thereby the secondary passage. 812. At this time, as described above, since the pressure acting on the front end surface of the main valve body 832 increases, the main valve body 832 can be moved in the valve opening direction.

図６は、調圧弁９の断面図である。   FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure regulating valve 9.

図６に示すように、調圧弁９は、ハウジング９１と、弁体９２と、弁体９２を駆動するソレノイド９３と、備える。   As shown in FIG. 6, the pressure regulating valve 9 includes a housing 91, a valve body 92, and a solenoid 93 that drives the valve body 92.

ハウジング９１には、ハウジング内部を弁体径方向（図中上下方向）上側に延びてハウジング９１の上側面に開口する１次通路９１１と、ハウジング内部を弁体径方向下側に延びた後、最終的に弁体軸方向に延びる２次通路９１２と、１次通路９１１及び２次通路９１２のそれぞれに連通する連通路９１３と、が形成される。また、ハウジング９１には、２次通路９１２から分岐する圧力参照通路９１４と、圧力参照通路９１４に連通する圧力参照室９１５と、が形成される。そして、この圧力参照室９１５の弁体軸方向反対側にソレノイドが配置される。   The housing 91 includes a primary passage 911 that extends upward in the valve body radial direction (vertical direction in the drawing) and opens to the upper side surface of the housing 91, and the housing interior extends downward in the valve body radial direction. Finally, a secondary passage 912 extending in the valve body axis direction and a communication passage 913 communicating with each of the primary passage 911 and the secondary passage 912 are formed. Further, the housing 91 is formed with a pressure reference passage 914 branched from the secondary passage 912 and a pressure reference chamber 915 communicating with the pressure reference passage 914. A solenoid is disposed on the opposite side of the pressure reference chamber 915 in the valve body axis direction.

弁体９２は、シャフト部９２１とテーパ部９２２とを備え、弁体軸方向（図中左右方向）に移動可能なようにハウジング９１内に配置される。   The valve body 92 includes a shaft portion 921 and a taper portion 922, and is disposed in the housing 91 so as to be movable in the valve body axial direction (left-right direction in the drawing).

弁体９２は、シャフト部９２１の一端（図中左側）が圧力参照室９１５内に配置されたダイアフラム９４に当接しており、同じく圧力参照室９１５内に配置された第１スプリング９５によって、ダイアフラム９４を介して閉弁方向（図中右方向）に押圧されている。   One end (left side in the drawing) of the shaft portion 921 is in contact with the diaphragm 94 disposed in the pressure reference chamber 915, and the valve body 92 is diaphragmed by the first spring 95 that is also disposed in the pressure reference chamber 915. It is pressed in the valve closing direction (right direction in the figure) via 94.

弁体９２は、ソレノイド９３が励磁されていないときは、テーパ部９２２が連通路９１３内に配置された弁座９６に当接した閉弁状態となっている。そして、ソレノイド９３が励磁されると、プランジャ９３１と共にそのプランジャ９３１に固定されたプランジャロッド９３２が開弁方向（図中左方向）に移動して、シャフト部９２１の他端（図中右側）を開弁方向に押圧する。これにより、弁体９２も開弁方向に移動してテーパ部９２２から弁座９６が離れた開弁状態となる。開弁状態になると、圧力参照通路９１４を介して圧力参照室９１５に２次圧力がかかり、ソレノイド９３の通電量に応じて２次圧力を可変にすることができる。   When the solenoid 93 is not excited, the valve body 92 is in a closed state in which the tapered portion 922 is in contact with the valve seat 96 disposed in the communication path 913. When the solenoid 93 is excited, the plunger rod 932 fixed to the plunger 931 together with the plunger 931 moves in the valve opening direction (left direction in the figure), and the other end (right side in the figure) of the shaft portion 921 is moved. Press in the valve opening direction. As a result, the valve body 92 is also moved in the valve opening direction, and the valve seat 96 is separated from the tapered portion 922 to be in the valve open state. When the valve is opened, the secondary pressure is applied to the pressure reference chamber 915 through the pressure reference passage 914, and the secondary pressure can be made variable according to the energization amount of the solenoid 93.

図７は、調圧装置５の斜視図である。なお、理解を容易にするために、調圧装置５内におけるアノードガスの流れを破線で示した。   FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the pressure adjusting device 5. In order to facilitate understanding, the flow of the anode gas in the pressure regulator 5 is indicated by a broken line.

図７に示すように、減圧弁７は、車両前後方向に形成されるアノードガス供給通路４と、減圧弁７の弁体軸方向と、が平行となるように配置される。つまり、アノードガス供給通路４と減圧弁７の弁体軸方向とが平行となるように、減圧弁７の１次通路７１１にアノードガス供給通路４が接続される。また、減圧弁７は、２次通路７１２が車幅方向と平行となるように配置される。   As shown in FIG. 7, the pressure reducing valve 7 is arranged so that the anode gas supply passage 4 formed in the vehicle front-rear direction and the valve body axial direction of the pressure reducing valve 7 are parallel to each other. That is, the anode gas supply passage 4 is connected to the primary passage 711 of the pressure reducing valve 7 so that the anode gas supply passage 4 and the valve body axial direction of the pressure reducing valve 7 are parallel to each other. Further, the pressure reducing valve 7 is disposed so that the secondary passage 712 is parallel to the vehicle width direction.

次に、遮断弁８は、その弁体軸方向と車幅方向とが平行となるように、減圧弁７の上方に配置される。これにより、遮断弁８の２次通路８１２も、車幅方向と平行となる。そして、遮断弁８の１次通路８１１は、垂直方向と平行になるように配置され、減圧弁７の２次通路７１２から流れてきたアノードガスが、遮断弁８の１次通路８１１を垂直方向に下から上へ流れるように、減圧弁７の２次通路７１２に接続される。   Next, the shutoff valve 8 is disposed above the pressure reducing valve 7 so that the valve body axis direction and the vehicle width direction are parallel to each other. Thereby, the secondary passage 812 of the cutoff valve 8 is also parallel to the vehicle width direction. The primary passage 811 of the shutoff valve 8 is arranged in parallel with the vertical direction, and the anode gas flowing from the secondary passage 712 of the pressure reducing valve 7 passes through the primary passage 811 of the shutoff valve 8 in the vertical direction. Is connected to the secondary passage 712 of the pressure reducing valve 7 so as to flow from bottom to top.

最後に、調圧弁９は、その弁体軸方向と、車両前後方向に形成されるアノードガス供給通路４と、が平行となるように、減圧弁７に隣接させて配置される。つまり、調圧弁９は、その弁体軸方向と、減圧弁７の弁体軸方向とが平行となるように、減圧弁７に隣接させて配置される。これにより、調圧弁９の２次通路９１２も、アノードガス供給通路４と平行となる。そして、調圧弁９の１次通路９１１は、垂直方向と平行になるように配置され、遮断弁８の２次通路８１２から流れてきたアノードガスが調圧弁９の１次通路９１１を垂直方向に上から下へ流れるように、遮断弁８の２次通路８１２に接続される。   Finally, the pressure regulating valve 9 is disposed adjacent to the pressure reducing valve 7 so that the valve body axis direction and the anode gas supply passage 4 formed in the vehicle front-rear direction are parallel to each other. That is, the pressure regulating valve 9 is disposed adjacent to the pressure reducing valve 7 so that the valve body axial direction and the valve body axial direction of the pressure reducing valve 7 are parallel to each other. As a result, the secondary passage 912 of the pressure regulating valve 9 is also parallel to the anode gas supply passage 4. The primary passage 911 of the pressure regulating valve 9 is arranged so as to be parallel to the vertical direction, and the anode gas flowing from the secondary passage 812 of the shutoff valve 8 passes through the primary passage 911 of the pressure regulating valve 9 in the vertical direction. It is connected to the secondary passage 812 of the shutoff valve 8 so as to flow from top to bottom.

このように、遮断弁８の２次通路８１２と、調圧弁９の１次通路９１１と、を直角に接続することで、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路４の容積Ｖを小さく設定することができる。その結果、容積Ｖの調節幅を広げることができる。そのため、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを、前述した（３）式、又は、（４）式によって設定された容積Ｖに容易に設定することができる。   Thus, the volume of the anode gas flow path 4 between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is obtained by connecting the secondary passage 812 of the shutoff valve 8 and the primary passage 911 of the pressure regulating valve 9 at a right angle. V can be set small. As a result, the adjustment range of the volume V can be expanded. Therefore, the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shutoff valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 can be easily set to the volume V set by the above-described equation (3) or (4).

また、パイロット式の電磁弁である遮断弁８は、パイロット弁体８３１を開弁方向に駆動した後、２次通路８１２側の圧力が増加することによって、主弁体８３２が開弁方向に駆動される。そのため、遮断弁８と調圧弁９との間のアノードガス流路の容積Ｖを小さく設定するほど、燃料電池システム１００の起動時に調圧弁９を閉じた状態で遮断弁８を開くことで、遮断弁８の２次通路８１２側の圧力増加速度を速めることができる。つまり、燃料電池システム１００の始動時において、遮断弁８の開弁速度を速めることができるので、燃料電池システム１００の起動速度を向上させることができる。   Further, the shutoff valve 8 which is a pilot type electromagnetic valve drives the main valve body 832 in the valve opening direction by driving the pilot valve body 831 in the valve opening direction and increasing the pressure on the secondary passage 812 side. Is done. Therefore, the smaller the volume V of the anode gas flow path between the shut-off valve 8 and the pressure regulating valve 9 is set, the more the shut-off valve 8 is opened with the pressure regulating valve 9 closed when the fuel cell system 100 is started. The pressure increase rate on the secondary passage 812 side of the valve 8 can be increased. That is, when the fuel cell system 100 is started, the valve opening speed of the shutoff valve 8 can be increased, so that the startup speed of the fuel cell system 100 can be improved.

なお、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されずに、その技術的な思想の範囲内において種々の変更がなしうることは明白である。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.

１００ 燃料電池システム
１ 燃料電池スタック（流体燃料利用機器）
３ 高圧タンク（高圧容器）
４ アノードガス供給通路
５ 調圧装置
７ 減圧弁
８ 遮断弁
８１２ 遮断弁の２次通路
９ 調圧弁
９１１ 調圧弁の１次通路
１０ コントローラ（故障検出手段、遮断手段） 100 Fuel cell system 1 Fuel cell stack (equipment using fluid fuel)
3 High pressure tank (high pressure vessel)
4 anode gas supply passage 5 pressure regulator 7 pressure reducing valve 8 shutoff valve 812 secondary passage of shutoff valve 9 pressure regulating valve 911 primary passage of pressure regulating valve 10 controller (failure detection means, shutoff means)

Claims (9)

高圧容器に格納された流体燃料を減圧して流体燃料利用機器に供給する調圧装置であって、
流体燃料を任意の圧力に減圧する調圧弁と、
前記調圧弁の上流に設けられて、前記調圧弁の異常状態が検知されると前記調圧弁への流体燃料の供給を遮断する遮断弁と、
を備え、
前記遮断弁と前記調圧弁との間の流路容積は、
前記遮断弁を閉じて前記調圧弁への流体燃料の供給を遮断する遮断指令が出てから前記遮断弁が閉じられるまでに要する時間の間に前記流体燃料利用機器に供給される流体燃料の量に基づいて設定される、
ことを特徴とする調圧装置。 A pressure regulator that depressurizes fluid fuel stored in a high-pressure vessel and supplies the fluid fuel to equipment using the fluid fuel,
A pressure regulating valve for reducing the fluid fuel to an arbitrary pressure;
A shutoff valve that is provided upstream of the pressure regulating valve and shuts off the supply of fluid fuel to the pressure regulating valve when an abnormal state of the pressure regulating valve is detected ;
With
The flow path volume between the shutoff valve and the pressure regulating valve is:
The amount of fluid fuel supplied to the fluid fuel utilization device during the time required from closing the shutoff valve to shutting off the supply of fluid fuel to the pressure regulating valve until the shutoff valve is closed Set based on the
A pressure regulator characterized by that. 前記遮断弁と前記調圧弁との間の流路容積は、
前記遮断指令が出てから前記遮断弁が閉じられるまでに前記流体燃料利用機器に供給される流体燃料と、前記遮断弁が閉じられた後に前記流体燃料利用機器に供給される前記流路容積内の流体燃料と、によって上昇する前記流体燃料利用機器内の圧力の上昇幅が、所定幅以内となるように設定される、
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の調圧装置。 The flow path volume between the shutoff valve and the pressure regulating valve is:
The fluid fuel supplied to the fluid fuel utilization device from when the shutoff command is issued until the shutoff valve is closed, and the flow path volume supplied to the fluid fuel utilization device after the shutoff valve is closed The fluid fuel and the fluid fuel utilization device that is raised by the fluid fuel, the pressure rise width is set to be within a predetermined width,
The pressure regulating apparatus according to claim 1. 前記遮断弁の上流に設けられ、前記高圧容器に格納された流体燃料を所定の圧力に減圧する減圧弁をさらに備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の調圧装置。 A pressure reducing valve that is provided upstream of the shutoff valve and depressurizes the fluid fuel stored in the high pressure vessel to a predetermined pressure;
The pressure regulating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 前記遮断弁の入口圧が前記高圧容器内の圧力であるとして、前記流路容積を設定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３までのいずれか１つに記載の調圧装置。 Assuming that the inlet pressure of the shut-off valve is the pressure in the high-pressure vessel, the flow path volume is set.
The pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 前記遮断弁の入口圧が前記減圧弁によって前記高圧容器内の圧力を減圧した減圧後の圧力であるとして、前記流路容積を設定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の調圧装置。 Assuming that the inlet pressure of the shut-off valve is a pressure after depressurization in which the pressure in the high-pressure vessel is reduced by the pressure reducing valve, the flow path volume is set.
The pressure regulating device according to claim 3. 前記調圧弁の下流の圧力に基づいて、前記調圧弁の故障を検出する故障検出手段と、
前記調圧弁の故障を検出したときに前記遮断指令を出して前記遮断弁を閉じ、前記調圧弁への流体燃料の供給を遮断する遮断手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５までのいずれか１つに記載の調圧装置。 A failure detecting means for detecting a failure of the pressure regulating valve based on a pressure downstream of the pressure regulating valve;
A shut-off means for shutting off the supply of fluid fuel to the pressure regulating valve by issuing the shut-off command when the failure of the pressure regulating valve is detected and closing the shut-off valve;
The pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: 前記遮断弁の２次通路と前記調圧弁の１次通路とを直角に接続する、
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項６までのいずれか１つに記載の調圧装置。 Connecting the secondary passage of the shut-off valve and the primary passage of the pressure regulating valve at a right angle;
The pressure regulating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein 請求項１から請求項７までのいずれか１つに記載された調圧装置を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記高圧容器は、アノードガスを蓄える高圧タンクであり、
前記流体燃料利用機器は、燃料電池スタックであり、
前記調圧装置は、前記高圧タンクと前記燃料電池スタックとを接続するアノードガス供給通路に設けられる、
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell system comprising the pressure regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The high-pressure vessel is a high-pressure tank that stores anode gas,
The fluid fuel utilization device is a fuel cell stack,
The pressure regulator is provided in an anode gas supply passage that connects the high-pressure tank and the fuel cell stack.
A fuel cell system. 前記遮断弁は、前記アノードガス供給通路を開閉するパイロット式の電磁弁であり、
前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記遮断弁を開弁した後に前記調圧弁を開いて、前記燃料電池スタックにアノードガスを供給する、
ことを特徴とする請求項８に記載の燃料電池システム。 The shut-off valve is a pilot-type electromagnetic valve that opens and closes the anode gas supply passage,
When starting up the fuel cell system, after opening the shut-off valve, open the pressure regulating valve to supply anode gas to the fuel cell stack,
The fuel cell system according to claim 8.
JP2012285856A 2012-12-27 2012-12-27 Pressure regulator and fuel cell system Active JP6117551B2 (en)

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